| 单词 | 很多人 |
| 释义 | 〔enormity〕the world really become aware of the enormity of Pol Pot's oppression. Fifty-nine percent of the Usage Panel rejects the use ofenormity in the more general sense in the sentenceAt that point the engineers sat down to design an entirely new viaduct, apparently undaunted by the enormity of their task. This distinction betweenenormity and enormousness has not always existed historically, but nowadays many observe it.Writers who ignore it in phrases such asthe enormity of the President's election victory or the enormity of her inheritance may find their words an unintended source of amusement.整个世界也才注意到波尔布特高压政策的穷凶极恶。 用法使用小组的59％成员都反对在如下句子里将enormity 该词用于更广泛的意义， 如在句子当坐下来开始设计一座全新的高架桥时，很明显地工程师们对他们所面临的艰巨工作无所畏惧 中。 这种enomity 和 enormousness 间的差异并不总是在历史上存在， 但现在很多人都观察到了这一点。那些在例如总统竞选的巨大胜利 或 她的巨额遗产 这些短语中忽略了该差异的作者们， 很可能会发现他们的词语无意中变成逗乐趣事的来源〔unaffordable〕medical care that has become unaffordable for many.很多人已经承担不起的医疗看护〔feast〕A large, elaborately prepared meal, usually for many persons and often accompanied by entertainment; a banquet.宴会：精心准备的大筵席，通常有很多人参加，并有娱乐活动；酒席〔stay〕A few people came to boo but remained to applaud.很多人开始讥笑并不断地鼓掌。〔rape〕Although three senses are listed in our entry for the verbrape, it is unlikely that many people think of the word as having more than one sense.The Latin wordrapere from which rape comes had an even wider range of meanings, including "to ravish.”It must be kept in mind, however, that most of its senses had to do with the notion of seizing or carrying offand that sexual violation was confined to the one sense.In the case of the Middle Englishwordrapen, taken from Latin rapere, fewer senses existed, but some of them differed quite significantly from any in which we would use the word today.It could mean "to fix or set a certain time" ("The tyme he wild [would] not rape" ) or "to carry off somebody to heaven from earth" ( "the visions of seynt poul wan [when] he was rapt in to paradys" ). The past participlerapt has survived in Modern English, where it has become a separate wordreferring to states of deep delight or absorption,far removed from the hideous cruelties ofrape. The sense involving these cruelties was probably present in Middle Englishand has largely taken over the word.尽管在动词rape 这一词条中，我们列了三个意思， 但实际很多人并不认为该词有这么多意思。Rape 从其起源的拉丁语单词 rapere 甚至有更多的词义， 其中包括“使销魂”这一含意。然而，我们必须记住所有这些词义都同“用武力夺取或抢走”有关，性方面的侵犯只是其中的一个意思。在中古英语中，由拉丁语rapere 一词产生的动词 rapen 的词义已经减少， 不过其中有些词义和现在的词义完全不同。它可以意为“约定或确定时间”(“他不肯 约定时间” )或“由人间带某人进入天堂”( “圣保罗进入天堂 的情景” )。 该词的过去分词rapt 仍存在于现代英语中， 在这里它已成为一个单独的单词，意为一种极其兴奋或被深深吸引的状态，这个意思与rape 一词丑恶的词义相去甚远。 与残酷行为有关的词义可能在中世纪就存在，后来被保留了下来〔kitty〕A pool of money, especially one to which a number of people have contributed for a designated purpose.零星共同凑集的一笔钱：一笔钱，尤其指很多人为了设计的目的捐献的钱〔splendent〕Admired by many; illustrious.被很多人羡慕的；杰出的〔enormity〕Enormity is frequently used to refer simply to the property of being enormous, but many would prefer thatenormousness (or a synonym such as immensity ) be used for this general sense and thatenormity be reserved for a property that evokes a negative moral judgment: Enormity 常被用来只说明巨大、广阔状态的属性， 但很多人都更愿意用enormousness （或是像 immensity 这样的近义词）来表达这种笼统的意义， 并更愿意将enormity 专门留作表达那种能激发负面道德判断的特性： 〔acknowledge〕"Many a man thinks, what he is ashamed to avow" (Samuel Johnson). “很多人都考虑过那些他们羞于说出来的事” （萨谬尔·约翰逊）。〔Hoosier〕As the fame of Indiana basketball grows ever greater,perhaps a larger number of people have become curious about the origins of the wordHoosier, the nickname for a native or resident of Indiana. As more than one of the curious has discovered,the origins are rather opaque.The most likely possibility is thatHoosier is an alteration of hoozer, an English dialect word recorded in Cumberland,a former county of northwest England, in the late 19th century and used to refer to anything unusually large.The transition betweenhoozer and Hoosier is not clear. The first recorded instance ofHoosier meaning "Indiana resident" is dated 1826; however, it seems possible that senses of the word recorded later in theDictionary of Americanisms, including "a big, burly, uncouth specimen or individual; a frontiersman, countryman, rustic,”reflect the kind of use this word had before it settled down in Indiana.随着印第安纳州篮球的名声越来越响，也许很多人对Hoosier， 印第安纳州人或定居者的别称这个词的来源感到好奇。 正如若干好奇者所发现的那样，其来源非常隐晦。最大的可能性是Hoosier 是 hoozer 的变体， 这是记录于坎伯兰的英格兰方言，19世纪后期英格兰西北部以前的一个郡，用来指特别巨大的东西。Hoozer 和 Hoosier 之间的过渡并不清楚。 意思是“印第安那州居住者”的Hoosier 的首次记载是在1826年； 但是可能该词的解释后来收录于美国俗语词典 中， 包括“一个庞大的、粗壮的、野蛮的种类或个体；拓荒者，乡巴佬，庄稼人，”可能反映了它在落户印第安那之前所有的用法〔anxious〕Anxious has a long history of use roughly as a synonym for eager, but many would prefer that the distinction between the two words be maintained and thatanxious be used only when its subject is worried or uneasy about the anticipated event. In the traditional view, one may sayWe are anxious to see the strike settled soon but notWe are anxious to see the new show of British sculpture at the museum. Fifty-two percent of the Usage Panel rejectsanxious in the latter sentence. But general adoption ofanxious to mean "eager" is understandable, at least in colloquial discourse,since it provides a means of adding emotional urgency to an assertion,in its implication that the subject's desire for a certain outcome is so strong that frustration of that desire will lead to unhappiness.Note, in this connection, the analogous use of sentences such asI'm dying to see your new baby in informal style. Anxious 在很长一段时间以来，一直大致作为 eager 的同义词来用， 但很多人喜欢保留这两个词之间的区别，即只有当主体对预测事件忧虑不安时才用anxious 。 在传统观点看来，可以说我们渴望看到罢工问题很快解决 ， 但不能说我们渴望在博物馆里见到新的英国雕塑展览。 52%的用法使用小组成员反对anxious 在后一个句子中的用法。 但通常用anxious 来表示"eager"是可以理解的， 至少在口语中是这样，既然它加强了某一主张在感情上的迫切性，它隐喻的一层意思就是，主体对某一特定结果的愿望是如此强烈，以至于这种欲望受挫就会导致不愉快。注意与此有关的类似句子如我很渴望见到你们新出生的孩子 也是非正式的 〔if〕If Hamlet was really written by Marlowe, as many have argued, then we have underestimated Marlowe's genius.如果就象很多人猜测的那样，《哈姆雷特》一剧是由马洛写的，那我们就一直低估了马洛的才能。〔method〕A nomadic mode of life was typical of many peoples of the Great Plains.游牧是居住在大平原的很多人典型的生活方式。〔issue〕"Many people fail to grasp what is really at issue here"(Gail Sheehy)“很多人都没有领会到这里到底在争论什么”(盖尔·希伊) |
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