| 单词 | 很容易 |
| 释义 | 〔lift〕These windows lift easily.这些窗户很容易举起〔deceive〕Gullible shoppers are easily duped by unscrupulous advertisers.不坚定的消费者很容易被不道德的广告商蒙骗。〔Zeitgeist〕"It's easy to see how a student . . . in the 1940's could imbibe such notions. The Zeitgeist encouraged Philosopher-Kings"(James Atlas)“这是很容易明白的，在20世纪40年代学生如何能接受这种观念。时代思潮推动着哲学巨子们”(詹姆斯·阿特拉斯)〔perceptible〕Noticeable means easily observed: Noticeable 意为很容易被观察到的： 〔disassemble〕The unit disassembles easily.那个装置很容易拆开〔transparent〕Easily seen through or detected; obvious:显而易见的：很容易被看穿或识破的；明显的：〔roll〕Yarn rolls easily.纱线很容易被绕成球状〔quicksand〕A bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure and tends to engulf any object resting on its surface.流沙：一种由松散的沙子和水混合成的沙层，形成一堆松软、移动的物质，在压力下很容易塌陷，并可吞没置留在沙面上的任何物质〔useless〕He panics easily and is useless in an emergency.See Synonyms at futile 他很容易着慌，在紧急情况下是个帮不上忙的人 参见 futile〔slipper〕A low shoe that can be slipped on and off easily and usually worn indoors.拖鞋：一种低帮的鞋，很容易穿脱，通常在室内穿用〔sift〕a meal that sifts easily.很容易透过筛子的粗粉〔bedfellow〕"Stupidity here makes an easy bedfellow, as always, with racialism"(Christopher Hitchens)“愚蠢常常很容易成为种族偏见的伙伴”(克里斯托夫·希钦斯)〔polish〕The surface on our dining table polishes easily.我们餐桌的桌面很容易擦亮〔feeling〕The child's feelings are easily hurt.那孩子的痛处很容易被触到〔mark〕The floor marks easily.地板很容易留下痕迹〔fuck〕The obscenityfuck is a very old word, first recorded in English in the 15th century.Age has not dimmed its shock value,even though it is seen in print much more often now than in the past.Its first known occurrence, in a poem entitled "Flen flyys" written sometime before 1500, is in code,illustrating the unacceptability of the word even then.The poem, composed in a mixture of Latin and English,satirizes the Carmelite friars of Cambridge, England,with the title taken from the first words of the poem, "Flen, flyys, and freris,” that is, "fleas, flies, and friars.”The line that containsfuck reads "Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk.” The Latin words "Non sunt in coeli, quia" mean "they [the friars] are not in heaven, since.”The code"gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk" is easily broken by simply writing the preceding letter in the alphabet. As we decode,we must watch for differences in the alphabet and in spelling between then and now.Forg write f ; for x, v (used for u and v ); d, c ; b, a ; o, n ; v, t ; xx, vv (which equals w ); k, i ; x, v ; z, y ; t, s ; p, o ; g, f ; i, h ; f, e ; m, l ; and for k, i. This yields "fvccant [a fake Latin form] vvivys of heli.”The whole thus reads in translation: "They are not in heaven because they fuck wives of Ely [a town near Cambridge].”猥亵语fuck 是个很古老的词， 最早见于15世纪的英语。年代并未削弱其令人震惊的价值，甚至在书面语中比以前出现的更频繁。最早出现于写于1500年前的诗“跳蚤和苍蝇”，并且是以代号出现的，可见当时此词即有不被接受性。此诗由拉丁语和英语混合写成，讽刺了英国剑桥的卡尔梅修道士，其诗题取自第一句"Flen，flyys，and freris"即，“跳蚤，苍蝇和修道士。”有fuck 一词的一行是"Non sunt in coeli，quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk。” 拉丁文"Non sunt in coeli，quia"意为“自那以来他们（修道士们）不在天堂。”代号"gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk" 只要写下前述词即可被很容易破译。 破译代码时，必须注意以前和现在单词拼法的不同。因为g 写做 f ； x，v （用作 u 和 v ）； d，c ； b，a ； o，n ； v，t ： xx，vv （等同于 w ）； k，i ； x，v ； z，y ； t，s ； p，o ； g，f ； i，h ； f，e ； m，l ； k，i 。 这形成句子"fvccant（假拉丁语）vvivys of heli。”全句译为“他们不再能上天堂因为他们与伊利的妇人性交”〔inactive〕Her feelings of affection are dormant but easily awakened.“她的钟爱之情蛰伏着但很容易被唤醒。〔dent〕a fender that dents easily.一面很容易有凹痕的挡泥板〔maze〕A physical situation in which it is easy to get lost:混乱，迷惑：很容易迷失的状况：〔soft〕Yielding readily to pressure or weight.软的：很容易屈服压力或重量的〔nonchalant〕A nonchalant person is not likely to become warm or heated about anything,a fact that is underscored by the etymology of the wordnonchalant. Non-,the first part of the word, is easy to spot as a familiar negative prefix;since this word was formed in Old French,we havenon-, the Old French descendant of Latin nōn-. The second element,chalant, is the Old French present participle of the verb chaloir, meaning "to be concerned.”This in turn came from the Latin wordcalēre, which from its concrete sense "to be hot or warm" developed the figurative sense "to be roused or fired with hope, zeal, or anger.”Obviously the Old French verbchaloir has lost some of the warmth of Latin calēre, but then, the nonchalant person has little warmth or concern.The wordnonchalant is first recorded in English before 1734, although Frenchnonchalance, a derivative of French nonchalant, seems to have entered English first. Englishnonchalance is first recorded in 1678. 态度冷漠的人是不太可能变得热心或对某事激动的，这一事实被词语nonchalant的词源所强调。 Non-，这个词的第一部分， 很容易认出是个很熟悉的否定前缀；因为此词形成于古法语，我们可以说non-，来自 拉丁语 non- 在古法语中的衍生词。 第二个组成部分chalant， 是动词 chaloir 的古法语现在分词， 意思是“担忧的，关心的”。此词同样也来自于拉丁词calere ， 从其具体的感觉“热的或暖和的”演变到比喻的感觉“被激起或引起希望、热心或愤怒”。很明显古法语动词chaloir 已去掉了一些拉丁语 calere 的温暖， 不过，冷漠的人确是几乎没有什么热心或关心的。词语nonchalant 在1734年前第一次被记录在英语中， 尽管法语nonchalence, 是法语 nonchalant 的派生词似乎已首先进入英语。 英语中的nonchalance 于1678年第一次被记录下来 〔rub〕a blackboard that rubs clean easily.很容易擦干净的黑板〔item〕The worditem seems to us to be very much a noun, whether it refers to an article in a collection or a bit of information.But it began its life in English (first recorded before 1398) as an adverbmeaning "moreover, also, in addition.”Item as typically used in front of each object listed in an inventory, as we might putalso. This use in English simply reflects a meaning of the word in Latin.However, it is easy to see howitem could be taken to stand for the thing that it preceded, and so we get, for example, the sense "an article included in an enumeration.”The first such usages are found in the 16th century,while the sense "a bit of information" is not found until the 19th century.In the 20th century we added a computer sense,a further addition toitem. 单词item 对我们来说只是一个名词， 它可以指一个文集中的一篇文章或者是一些信息。但是它的起源却是一个副词（最早见于1398年以前），意思为“此外，而且，同样”。Item 最典型是用在商品目录的每一个物品的前面， 就象我们使用also 一样。 这种用法反映在拉丁词语上仅有一个含义。然而，明白item 是怎样被用来代表它前面的事物是很容易的， 所以我们得到了像“文集中的一篇文章”等这种含义。这种用法最早见于16世纪，而含义“一些信息”一直到19世纪才被发现使用。在20世纪时，我们加了一个计算的含义，进一步形成了今天的item 〔knockdown〕Something designed to be easily assembled or disassembled.易拆卸的东西：设计使组装或拆卸很容易的东西〔scar〕delicate skin that scars easily.娇嫩的皮肤很容易留下疤痕〔turret〕A rotating device holding various lenses, as for a microscope, allowing easy switching from one lens to another.透镜旋转盘：一种装有各种透镜的可旋转装置，如显微镜上的，可以使转换透镜变得很容易〔turn〕This merchandise will turn easily.这种商品很容易脱手〔inflammable〕Easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly; flammable.See Usage Note at flammable 易燃的：很容易被点燃并迅速燃烧的；可燃烧的 参见 flammable〔liable〕Liable, apt, and likely are often used interchangeably in constructions with following infinitives, as inJohn is liable to lose, John is apt to lose, and John is likely to lose. The three words are distinct in meaning.A widely repeated rule holdsthatliable should only be used if the subject would be adversely affected by the outcome expressed by the infinitive. The rule therefore permitsJohn is liable to fall out of his chair if he doesn't sit up straight but notThe chair is liable to be slippery, though constructions of the latter type have long been common in reputable writing.Apt usually suggests that the subject has a natural tendency enhancing the probability of an outcome, and that the speaker is in some way apprehensive about the outcome.Thusapt is more naturally used in a sentence like The fuel pump is apt to give out at any minute than in Even the clearest instructions are apt to be misinterpreted by those idiots (since the instructions are not at fault)or inThe fuel pump is apt to give you no problems for the life of the car (since there is no reason that the speaker should regard such an outcome as unfortunate).Likely is more general than either liable or apt. It ascribes no particular property to the subject that enhances the probability of the outcome:whileJohn is apt to lose the election may suggest that the loss will result from something John does or fails to do, John is likely to lose the election does not. Nor does it suggest anything about the desirability of the outcome from the point of view of either the speaker or the subject.A football coach who saysWe are apt to win may be suspected of sarcasm,and one who saysWe are liable to win may be suspected of having bet on the opposition;onlyWe are likely to win is consistent with the expression of an unambivalent expectation of victory. See Usage Note at likely Liable，apt 和 likely 在如下不定式结构中经常可以互换， 例如 John is liable to lose，John is apt to lose 和 John is likely to lose 。 这三个词的意思是有区别的。一条公认的语法规则认为，只有当主语受不定式所表示的动作或结果的不利影响时，才使用liable 。 因此这条规则允许说如果约翰不坐直身子的话，他很容易从椅子上掉下来的 ， 但不允许说椅子可能很滑 ， 尽管在规范的写作中，后一种类型的句型已经很普遍了。Apt 通常表示主语有增加某种结果的可能性的自然倾向， 而且说话者对此结果多少有些忧虑。因此，apt 用在句子 燃料泵可能随时停止运转 中，比用在 即使是最明了的指令也有可能被那些白痴误解 中更自然 （因为错的不是指令），也比用在燃料可能不会对你的车的使用寿命带来什么问题 中更合适 （因为说话者没有理由认为这样一个结果很不幸）。Likely 比 liable 或 apt 更具概括性。 它并不说明增加了一个结果的可能性的主语是否具有何特性：句子约翰在选举中可能会失败 可能暗示失败归因于约翰所做的或没能做的某件事， 而句子约翰在选举中有可能失败 则没有这种暗示。 另外，它也没有关于说话者或主语是否喜欢某一结果的暗示。如果一位足球教练说We are apt to win ， 他可能带有讽刺意味，但如果他说We are liable to win ， 他的意思是他认为他们可能会输；只有说We are likely to win ，才明确表示有希望获胜 参见 likely〔nonstandard〕The termnonstandard was introduced by linguists and lexicographers to describe usages and language varieties that had previously been labeled with terms such as vulgar and illiterate. Nonstandardis not simply a euphemism but reflects the empirical discoverythat the varieties used by low-prestige groups have rich and systematic grammatical structuresand that their stigmatization more often reflects a judgment about their speakersrather than any inherent deficiencies in logic or expressive power.Note, however, that the use of nonstandard forms is not necessarily restricted to the communities with which they are associated in the public mind.Many educated speakers freely use forms such ascan't hardly or ain't I to set a popular or informal tone. · Some dictionaries use the termsubstandard to describe forms, such asain't, associated with uneducated speech, while reservingnonstandard for forms such as irregardless, which are common in writingbut are still regarded by many as uneducated.Butsubstandard is itself susceptible of disparaging interpretation, and most linguists and lexicographers now use onlynonstandard, the practice followed in this Dictionary.词条nonstandard 被语言学家和词典编辑人引进用来描述以前已被词条，例如 vulgar 和 illiterate归类的用法和语言种类。 Nonstandand不只是委婉的说法， 而且反映了凭经验得到的发现：被具有权威的群体所用的语种有丰富而且系统的语法结构，而且这些误解被轻蔑描绘更经常地反映了对其说话者的判断，而不是对任何天生的逻辑和表达力的缺乏。然而，要注意，非标准语形式的运用并不必要限制于在公众心目中与其所联系的团体。许多受过教育的说话者自由地用这些形式如can't hardly 或者 ain't I 说流行或非正式的句子。 有些字典用substandard 来描述此类形式， 如ain't， 并与未受教育的言语相联系， 而同时保留nonstandard 用来形容 irregardless 这一类形式， 这些形式普遍用于写作中，但仍被许多人认为是未受教育的用法。但是substandard 本身很容易引起贬低含义的翻译， 大多数语言学家和词典编辑现在只用nonstandard， 在此词典后边有练习〔labyrinth〕An intricate structure of interconnecting passages through which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze.迷宫：一种复杂的建筑，里面的通道互相连接很容易使人迷路；曲径〔warren〕A mazelike place where one may easily become lost:易迷路之地：某个像迷宫的地方，人很容易在此迷路：〔noticeable〕The movements of the prowler were observable from the window. What ismarked is emphatically evident: 从窗户那很容易注意到来回走动的徘徊者。 Marked 形容的是格外地引人注意的事物： |
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