| 单词 | 怀疑 |
| 释义 | 〔disbelief〕Refusal or reluctance to believe.不信，怀疑：拒绝或不愿相信〔prejudice〕Irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or religion.歧视：对特定群体、种族或宗教的非理性的怀疑或仇恨〔questionable〕Open to doubt or challenge; problematic.可疑的：易于受到怀疑或挑战的；有疑问的〔mistrust〕To regard without trust or confidence.怀疑：没有信任或信心地看待〔uncertainty〕 Mistrust denotes lack of trust or confidence, as in a person's motives, arising from suspicion: Mistrust 表示因怀疑而引起的对某人动机的缺乏信任或信心： 〔peradventure〕Chance or uncertainty; doubt.机会或不确定；怀疑〔case〕We suspected the walls were hollow, and this proved to be the case.我们怀疑墙是空的，这证明是事实〔feed〕His unexplained absences fed our suspicions.他的无故缺席引起了我们对他的怀疑〔doubt〕That is also the usual choice when the truth of the clause following doubt is assumed, as in negative sentences and questions. ThusI never doubted for a minute that I would be rescued implies "I was certain that I would be rescued.” By the same token,Do you doubt that you will be paid? seems to pose a rhetorical question ("Surely you believe that you will be paid"), whereasDo you doubt whether you will be paid? may express a genuine request for information and might be followed bybecause if you do, you should make the client post a bond. In other cases, however, this distinction betweenwhether and that is not always observed, andthat is frequently used as a substitute for whether. If may also be used as a substitute forwhether but is more informal in tone. ·In informal speech the clause followingdoubt is sometimes introduced with but: I don't doubt but (or but what ) he will come. Reputable precedent exists for this construction,as in"I do not doubt but England is at present as polite a Nation as any in the World" (Richard Steele),but modern critics sometimes object to its use in formal writing.See Usage Note at but ,if 在否定句及疑问句中当doubt 后的从句所作陈述被认为是真时，用 that 。 所以我从不怀疑我会被救起 意思就是“我确信我会得救”。 同样你怀疑人家会赖帐吗？ 似乎就成了一个反问句（“你当然相信人家不会赖帐了”）， 而你怀疑人家是否付款吗？ 就表示一个真诚的询问， 可能接下来会说因为如果你怀疑的话，你就该让顾客付保证金 。 在其它情况下，whether 和 that 的区别并不很明显， 而且that 经常用来替代 whether。 If 也经常用来代替whether ， 但是语气不很正式。在非正式语气中doubt 后面的从句有时由 but引导：I don't doubt but （或 but what ) he will come。 这种结构有其先例且属规范用法，如“我不怀疑目前的英格兰象世界上其他国家一样是礼义之邦” （理查德·斯蒂尔），但现代评论家有时反对在正式文体中这样使用 参见 but,if〔pshaw〕Used to indicate impatience, irritation, disapproval, or disbelief.哼，啐：用来表示不耐烦，生气，反对或怀疑〔skepticism〕Doubt or disbelief of religious tenets.怀疑宗教：对宗教信条的怀疑或不信任〔agony〕an agony of doubt.一时突发的怀疑〔beard〕One that serves to divert suspicion or attention from another.替身：替别人引开怀疑和注意的人〔headshake〕A turning of one's head to the right and left, signifying denial, disapproval, disbelief, doubt, or bemusement.摇头：为表示拒绝、不赞同、不相信、怀疑或困惑而左右摆动某人的头〔sensationalize〕"doubted the ability of the liberal press to handle such information fairly, to refrain from sensationalizing it"(Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein)“怀疑这个自由主义的新闻社会公正处理这样的消息的能力，即避免用耸人听闻的方式表现它”(鲍勃·伍德沃德和卡尔·伯恩斯坦)〔dispute〕Her friends disputed her intentions.她的朋友怀疑她的意图〔Kaffir〕Arabic kāfir [infidel] [present participle of] kafara [to deny, be skeptical] 阿拉伯语 kāfir [异教徒] kafara的现在分词 [否认，怀疑] 〔implacable〕implacable foes; implacable suspicion.不能和解的敌人；不能平息的怀疑〔unimpeachable〕Difficult or impossible to impeach:无可指摘的，完全可靠的：难以或不可能怀疑的：〔skepticism〕A doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind; dubiety.See Synonyms at uncertainty 怀疑态度：怀疑或疑问的态度或思想状态；怀疑 参见 uncertainty〔jealous〕Inclined to suspect rivalry.怀疑的：易于怀疑（别人与之）竞争的〔discredit〕Lack or loss of trust or belief; doubt.不信，怀疑：缺少或失去信任、信仰；怀疑〔indeed〕Used to express surprise, skepticism, or irony.真的，的确：用以表示惊讶、怀疑或讽剌〔parameter〕In recent yearsparameter has become the archetype for the borrowing of scientific terms into general usage and as such has occasioned a good deal of skeptical comment.Some of its new uses can be justified as useful extensions of the technical senses of the word.For example, the provisions of a zoning ordinance that limit the height or density of new construction can be reasonably likened to mathematical parameters that establish the limits of other variables.Therefore one can properly sayThe zoning commission announced new planning parameters for the historic Lamping district of the city. But other uses suggest that the writer has not understood the technical senseand has chosen it primarily as a way of injecting an aura of scientific precision into what would otherwise be a pedestrian communication.Thus there is no semantic justification for usingparameter as a general substitute for characteristic, as inThe Judeo-Christian ethic is one of the important parameters of Western culture, an example found unacceptable by 80 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Some of the difficulties with nontechnical use ofparameter appear to arise from its resemblance to the word perimeter, with which it shares the sense "limit,” though the two words differ in their precise meaning.This confusion doubtless explains the use ofparameter in a sentence such as U.S. forces report that the parameters of the mine area in the Gulf are fairly well established, where the wordperimeter would have expressed the intended sense more exactly. This example of a use ofparameter was unacceptable to 61 percent of the Usage Panel. 近些年来，parameter 已成为一个从科技术语借用到普通用法的原形， 同时也引起了大量的怀疑批评。它的某些新用法可被看作是该词科技含义的有益扩展。例如，某一区域性法规中关于新建筑高度或密度的条文能被合理地与制定其它变量限度的数学参量进行比较。因而，人们当然可以说地区委员会公布了历史上该城有名的灯区新计划方案 。 但其它的一些用法说明说话人还没有理解它的科技含义，并且选用了这个词主要作为给将是普通交流的东西注入一些精确的科学气息的途径。因此，用parameter 作为 characteristic 的一般等价词毫无语义上的合理性， 如在犹太教与基督教的道德规范是西方文化中重要的限制因素 ， 是80%的用法小组成员不接受的例子。Parameter 的非科技运用中的一些难点是由于它与 perimeter 都有“限制”的含义造成的， 尽管两个词的确切含义是不相同的。这种混淆无疑解释了parameter 在例如 美军报告说，海湾地雷区的环形防线设置得相当不错 的句子中的运用， 这里perimeter 可能会更确切地表达这种引申含义。 61%的用法小组成员不接受这个运用parameter 的例子 〔reflection〕An indirect expression of censure or discredit:指责，怀疑：批评或不信任的间接的表达：〔particle〕not a particle of doubt.一丝怀疑都没有〔uncertainty〕"Doubt is part of all religion" (Isaac Bashevis Singer). “怀疑是所有宗教的一部分” （艾萨克·巴西弗斯·辛格）。 〔mistrust〕To be wary, suspicious, or doubtful.怀疑的：提防的，怀疑的或可疑的〔input〕The nouninput has been used as a technical term for about a century in fields such as physics and electrical engineering, but its recent popularity grows out of its use in computer science,where it refers to data or signals entered into a system for processing or transmission.In general discourseinput is now widely used to refer to the transmission of information and opinion, as inThe report questioned whether a President thus shielded had access to a sufficiently varied input to have a realistic picture of the nation or The nominee herself had no input on housing policy. In this last sentence the meaning of the term is uncertain:it may mean either that the nominee provided no opinions to the policymakersor that she received no information about housing policy.This vagueness in the nontechnical use ofinput may be one reason that some critics have objected to it (including, in an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel). Though the usage is well established,care should be taken not to use the word merely as a way of pretending to a scientific precision unwarranted by the facts of the case.名词input 作为一个专业名词在象物理和电子工程领域已经被用了大约一个世纪， 但是它在计算机科学上的最新流行超出了原来的用法，在计算机科学上它指输入系统进行运行或传送的信息和信号。总的来说，input 广泛地用来指信息和观点的传送， 就象在报告怀疑这样保护起来的总统是否能获得接近足够多样信息的机会，从而有一幅这个国家的现实图景 或 被提名人自己没有关于房产政策的任何信息 。 在后一句中单词的定义是不确定的：它既可以指被提名人未向决策者提供任何建议，也可以指她未收到任何有关房产政策的信息。这种模糊在input 的非专业用法中有可能是一些批评家反对它（在一个早期调查中，其中包括大部分用法专题小组成员）的一个原因。 尽管这种用法已完全确立，用这个词时也应谨慎，不能把这个词仅仅用来伪装一种科学的精确性，而在这样的情况下，如此的精确性是不被事实所证明的〔gaze〕stared at them in disbelief;怀疑地盯着他们；〔last〕the last person we would have suspected.我们最不可能怀疑的人〔doubt〕To be undecided or skeptical.不确定：不能肯定或怀疑〔ground〕grounds for suspicion; a ground for divorce.See Synonyms at base 1怀疑的原因；离婚的理由 参见 base1〔suspicion〕A state of uncertainty; doubt.See Synonyms at uncertainty 不确定的状态；怀疑 参见 uncertainty〔boggle〕To hesitate as if in fear or doubt.踌躇：因害怕或怀疑而犹豫〔uncertainty〕"I had rather take my chance that some traitors will escape detection than spread abroad a spirit of general suspicion and distrust" (Learned Hand). “我宁愿冒某些叛国者将避免暴露的危险也不愿四处传播怀疑和不信任情绪” （冷尼德·汉德）。〔deter〕To prevent or discourage the occurrence of an action, as by means of fear or doubt:阻止，威慑：通过恐吓或怀疑防止某种行动的发生：〔query〕query someone's motives.怀疑某人的动机〔last〕wondered if the marriage would last.怀疑这场婚姻是否能持久〔doubt〕To be undecided or skeptical about:怀疑：对…拿不准或对…怀疑： |
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