| 单词 | 意识到 |
| 释义 | 〔preconscious〕The memories or feelings that are not part of one's immediate awareness but that can be recalled through conscious effort.前意识：无法立即意识到但能通过有意识的努力而唤起的记忆或情感〔precaution〕cavēre [to beware] cavēre [意识到] 〔aware〕Are you aware of your opponent's hostility?你意识到了对手的敌意吗？〔face〕To confront with complete awareness:面对：完全意识到面对：〔aware〕Having knowledge or cognizance:意识到的或认识到的：〔tumble〕I finally tumbled to the reality that I was being cheated.最后我突然意识到我已被欺骗的现实〔witting〕Aware or conscious of something.知道的：知道或意识到某事的〔dawn〕Realization of the danger soon dawned on us.不久我们才意识到危险的存在〔recognize〕To show awareness of; approve of or appreciate:赏识：显示出意识到…；赞同或欣赏：〔alive〕Aware of; sensitive to:意识到的；敏感的：〔specious〕Aspecious argument is not simply a false one but one that has the ring of truth.Those aware of the specialized use of the word may therefore sense a certain contradiction in hearing an argument described asobviously specious or specious on the face of things; if the fallaciousness is apparent,the argument was probably not plausible-sounding to begin with.一种似是而非的 论点并不只是一个错误的论点， 而是指貌似正确的论点。那些意识到这个词的特殊用法的人听到这种“显然是似是而非的” 或 “就表面看起来有理的” 论点时，会因此感到某些矛盾； 如果此论点错误很明显的话，这样的论点可能一开始就不会让人觉得有道理〔subconscious〕Not wholly conscious; partially or imperfectly conscious:潜意识的：未完全意识到的；部分地、未充分地意识到的：〔alarm〕A sudden fear caused by the realization of danger.惊恐：意识到危险后所引起的突然恐惧〔mind〕To become aware of; notice.注意：意识到…；注意〔see〕These verbs refer to being or becoming visually or mentally aware of something.这些动词指视觉上或精神上意识到某物。〔anticipate〕To feel or realize beforehand; foresee.预感，预料：提前感到或意识到；预见〔fear〕Alarm is fright aroused by the first realization of danger: Alarm 是已意识到危险时引起的恐慌： 〔intuit〕Claude often intuits my feelings about things long before I am really aware of them myself. 在我自己真正意识到之前，克劳德通常能凭直觉知道我对事物的感觉。 〔learn〕learned that it was best not to argue.意识到最好不要争辩〔Heidegger〕German philosopher who maintained that authentic human existence belongs only to those who react with angst to the inherent emptiness of life. His works, includingBeing and Time (1927), greatly influenced Sartre and other existentialists. 海德格尔，马丁：(1889-1976) 德国哲学家，认为只有意识到人存在的暂时性才能领悟存在的真谛。主要著作有《存在与时间》 （1927年），他对萨特及其他存在主义哲学家都有很大的影响 〔on〕To be aware of or have information about:知道，意识到：意识到…或知道…的情况：〔guilt〕Remorseful awareness of having done something wrong.内疚，知罪：意识到做错事情而产生的悔恨〔wake〕The shocking revelations finally woke me to the facts of the matter.令人震惊的揭露最终使我意识到事情的本质〔soldier〕Why do soldiers fight?One answer is hidden away in the wordsoldier itself. Its first recorded occurrence is found in a work composed around 1300,the word having come into Middle English (assoudier ) from Old French soudoior and Anglo-Norman soudeour. The Old French word,first recorded in the 12th century,is derived fromsol or soud, Old French forms of Modern French sou. There is no longer a French coin namedsou, but the meaning of the wordsou alerts us to the fact that money is involved. Indeed, Old Frenchsol referred to a coin and also meant "pay,”and asoudoior was a man who fought for pay. This was a concept worth expressing in an era when many men were not paid for fighting but did it in service to a feudal superior.Thussoldier is parallel to the word mercenary, which goes back to Latinmercēnnārius, derived frommerces, "pay,” and meaning "working for pay.”The word could also be used as a noun,one of whose senses was "a soldier of fortune.”士兵们为什么而打仗?其中一个答案就隐藏在soldier 这个单词里面。 在大约1300年的一本著作中发现了这个词的最早记载。这个词由古法语的soudoior 和盎格鲁诺曼底语中的 soudeour 进入中古英语（形式为 soudier )。 古法语中的这个单词，最早记录于12世纪，是由sol 或 soud ，现代法语单词 sou 的古法语形式衍变而来的。 已经没有叫做sou 的法国硬币了， 但是单词sou 的意思使我们意识到这和钱有关。 实际上，古法语中的sol 指的是一枚硬币， 也意味着“报酬”，而soudoior 是一个为了报酬而打仗的人。 在许多人打仗并没有得到报酬而是给封建王服役的时代里，这种概念是值得表达出来的。这样，士兵(soldier) 类似于 雇佣兵(mercenary) ， 可以追溯到拉丁文mercennarius ， 由merces “报酬”衍变而来， 意思是“为报酬而工作”。这个词也能当名词使用，其中的一个意思是“雇佣兵”〔feel〕To be aware of; sense:意识到；感觉到：〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔feel〕felt the anger of the crowd.意识到了人们的愤怒〔lonely〕Dejected by the awareness of being alone.See Synonyms at alone 寂寞的：因意识到独自一人而沮丧的 参见 alone〔sensible〕Having a perception of something; cognizant:意识到的：有对某物的感觉的；知道的：〔find〕To bring (oneself) to an awareness of what one truly wishes to be and do in life.明白（自己应走的方向）：使（自己）意识到自己在生活中真正想成为的人或想做的事〔alone〕 Lonely often connotes painful awareness of being alone: Lonely 常指痛苦地意识到自己独自一人： 〔deliberate〕Done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature and effects; intentional:蓄意的：在明显完全意识到性质和后果的情况下干的；故意的：〔appreciate〕I appreciate your problems.我充分意识到了你的问题〔appreciate〕To be fully aware of or sensitive to; realize:意识到，察觉：对…的充分意识或领会；察觉：〔cough〕When he saw that the police might arrest him, he coughed up the details of what he had seen.当他意识到警察也许会逮捕他，才全盘托出他看到的一切〔catch〕caught her gazing out the window.突然意识到她正在注视窗外〔convict〕To make aware of one's sinfulness or guilt.使知罪：使…意识到自己的罪孽或罪过〔sense〕To become aware of; perceive.感觉：意识到；感觉〔handle〕I put forth his suggestion as my own without realizing I had been manipulated.我把他的意见作为我自己的提了出来，丝毫没有意识到我被利用了。〔hopefully〕Writers who usehopefully as a sentence adverb, as inHopefully the measures will be adopted, should be aware that the usage is unacceptable to many critics,including a large majority of the Usage Panel.But it is not easy to explain why critics dislike this use ofhopefully. It is justified by analogy to the unexceptionable uses of many other adverbs,as inMercifully, the play was brief or 当作者们把hopefully 用作句中副词， 如在但愿这些措施能被采用 中时， 应当意识到很多批评家并不接受这一用法，其中包括用法专题小组的大多数成员。但是批评家们为什么不喜欢hopefully 的这个用法却并不容易解释。 与许多其他副词无可指摘的使用进行类比，它有着充分正当的理由，比如幸好，这出戏很短 或 |
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