| 单词 | 感叹词 |
| 释义 | 〔swan〕To declare; swear. Used in the phraseI swan as an interjection. 发誓，声明：声明；发誓。作为感叹词用于词组I swan 中 〔my〕Used as an exclamation of surprise, pleasure, or dismay:用于表示惊奇、高兴或者惊愕的感叹词：〔tarnation〕The noun and interjectiontarnation illustrate suffixation, the addition of a suffix to a word.Tarnation and darnation (the latter probably having come first) are both euphemistic forms ofdamnation. Tarnationseems to have been influenced by tarnal, another mild oath derived from (e ) ternal! TheOxford English Dictionary cites late-18th-century examples of tarnation from New England, indicating that it has been part of American speech since colonial days.既是名词又是感叹词的tarnation 阐明了加后缀的构词法， 即将一个后缀加到一个词的末尾。Tarnation 和 darnation （后者可能先出现） 都是damnstion这个词的委婉形式。 Tarnation看来是受了 tarnal 一词的影响， 后者是从（e ） ternal 派生出来的一个较温和的诅咒语。 牛津英语辞典 援引了18世纪后期新英格兰地区居民使用 tarnation 一词的例子， 以此说明自殖民地时期起它就是美国语言的一部分〔marry〕Used as an exclamation of surprise or emphasis.唉呀，真是：用于表示惊讶或强调的感叹词〔cheerio〕Used in greeting or parting.喂或再见：见面或分手时用的感叹词〔whist〕Alteration perhaps influenced by the exclamation whist [silence!] 可能受感叹词 whist的影响 [安静!] 〔jeez〕Used to express surprise or annoyance.用于表达惊奇或烦恼的感叹词〔interjection〕Abbr. interj.,int.A part of speech usually expressing emotion and capable of standing alone, such asUgh! or Wow! 缩写 interj.,int.感叹词：一类通常表达感情以及能够单独存在的词，例如啊 或 哇 〔cuchifrito〕cuchí [pig] alteration of Spanish cochino [diminutive of] coch [interj. used to call pigs] cuchí [猪] 西班牙语 cochino的变化 coch的小后缀 [用来叫唤猪的感叹词] 〔tallyho〕Used to urge hounds on during a fox hunt.呔嗬！：在猎狐时用来催促猎犬的一个感叹词〔good〕Used to form exclamatory phrases expressing surprise or dismay:用作感叹词以表达惊讶或沮丧：〔biff〕From English biff [interjection] 源自 英语 biff [感叹词] 〔damned〕There are many regional variants, mostly euphemisms, fordamned, both as an oath and as a mild intensive. Southern exclamations and intensives tend to begin withdad-, a euphemism for "god"—hencedadblamed, dadblasted, dadburn, and dadgum. Dadgum can be combined withit in the interjection dadgummit. Another such euphemism is the better knowndoggone, probably originally Southern but now widespread.Likedadgum, doggone is used as a mild intensive: "The best doggone deals in Alabama" (billboard in Montgomery). Doggone likewise appears in phrasal interjections: Doggonit, I dropped my hammer. A common regional variant ofdamned is durn, also euphemistic and relatively mild,as in this snatch of Baltimore dialogue: "If that's not just the weirdest durn thing I ever laid eyes on" (Anne Tyler).作为诅咒和轻度的加强语气词，damned 有许多宗教上的替换形式，其中大多为委婉语。 南方人的感叹词和加强语气词倾向于以dad- 作为开始， “上帝”的一种委婉说法——因而出现dadblamed，dadblasted，dadburn 和 dadgum。 Dadgum 在感叹词dadgummit 中，可与 it 结合在一起。 另一个这样的委婉词比doggone 知道的人更多， 可能最初为南方人使用而现在已普遍应用了。象dadgum，daggone 被用作轻度的加强语气词： “亚拉巴马最好的交易” （蒙哥马利的大型广告牌）。 Daggone 同样也出现在短语感叹词： 他妈的，我弄掉了锤子。 dammed 是 durn 的一个常见局部性的变体， 它也是一个委婉语且相对较轻，正如巴尔的摩的几句对话中出现的： 如果那不是最奇特的东西，我绝不会看一眼的 （安妮·泰勒）〔carouse〕The origin of the wordcarouse can be found in a German interjection that meant "time to leave the bar.” Germangaraus, which is derived from the phrase gar ("all") aus ("out"), meaning "all out,” then came to mean "drink up, bottoms up,” and "a last drink before closing time.”The English borrowed this noun, with the meaning "the practice of sitting around drinking until closing time,”sometimes spelling the wordgaraus but usually spelling it closer to the way it is spelled today.Soon after the word is first recorded as a noun in 1559,we find the verbcarouse, in 1567. 单词carouse 的词源可以在意为“是离开酒吧的时候了”的日耳曼语感叹词中找到。 日耳曼语garaus 是从短语 gar （“所有的”） aus （“出去”），即“竭尽全力。全力以赴”的意思中衍生出来的； 接着又表示“喝光，干杯”和“打烊前的最后一杯”的意思。英语中借用这个名词，意为“坐着饮酒直至打烊的做法”；有时拼写成garaus ， 但通常其拼写更接近于现今的拼法。该词于1559年首次做名词记录下来后，我们很快地在1567年发现了动词carouse 〔how〕Used as an intensive:多么：用作感叹词：〔cheers〕Used as a toast.干杯！：祝酒时所用的感叹词〔quotha〕Used to express surprise or sarcasm, after quoting the word or phrase of another.的确：在引用了另一人所说的词或词组后，用来表示惊讶或嘲讽的感叹词〔tope〕Possibly from obsolete tope [interjection used in proposing a toast] 可能源自 废语 tope [建议干杯时发出的感叹词] 〔man〕Used as an expletive to indicate intense feeling:啊，呀：用作表示强烈感情的感叹词：〔checkmate〕Used to declare the checkmate of an opponent's king in chess.将死！：国际象棋中宣告对手的“国王”被将死的感叹词〔hubbub〕[Probably of Irish Gaelic origin] ; akin to Scottish Gaelic ubub [an interjection of aversion or contempt] [可能源于爱尔兰的盖尔语] ；类似于 苏格兰的盖尔语 ubub [表示反感或轻蔑的感叹词] 〔hubbub〕It has often been remarked that the Celtic inhabitants of Great Britain contributed very little to the stock of English words.Perhaps this should not be too surprising, given the difficult relations over the centuries between the people of Germanic stock and the people of Celtic stock in England and Ireland.It seems likely that a certain English contempt resides in the adoption of the wordhubbub from a Celtic source, which is probably related toub ub ubub, a Scots Gaelic interjection expressing contempt,or toabu, an ancient Irish war cry. In any case,hubbub was first recorded (1555) in the phrase Irish hubbub and meant "the confused shouting of a crowd.”In addition to the senses it has developed,hubbub was again used, possibly in a nonflattering way, by the New England colonists as a term for a rambunctious game played by Native Americans. 人们常说，居住在大不列颠的盖尔人对英语词汇没有多大贡献。如果考虑到几个世纪以来居住在英格兰与爱尔兰的日尔曼人与盖尔人之间的关系，那么这个情况就不足为奇了。英格兰人采用来自盖尔语的hubbub 这个词时，很可能是带有轻蔑之意的， 此词与ub ub ubub 有关， 是苏格兰盖尔语中用来表示轻蔑之意的感叹词；或者与古代爱尔兰语中的呐喊abus 有关。 无论怎样，hubbub 一词最早见于词组 Irish hubbub (1555年）中， 意为“人群发出的混乱吵闹声”。除了它本身就有的意思外，hubbub 一词又被新英格兰的殖民者用来指印第安人的一种野蛮的游戏，但这一用法可能不讨人喜欢 〔that〕Used to introduce an elliptical exclamation of desire:引导表示渴望的省略感叹词：〔rah〕Used as an exclamation of approval or encouragement.好哇：用作表达赞同或鼓励的感叹词〔say〕Used to express surprise or appeal for someone's attention.感叹词：用于表示惊讶或引起某人的注意 |
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