| 单词 | 所致 |
| 释义 | 〔dysentery〕An inflammatory disorder of the lower intestinal tract, usually caused by a bacterial, parasitic, or protozoan infection and resulting in pain, fever, and severe diarrhea, often accompanied by the passage of blood and mucus.痢疾：一种下肠道的炎症，主要由细菌、寄生虫或原生动物传染所致。患者感到疼痛、发烧和严重腹泻，并伴有排血和粘液〔rather〕This use ofhad was once widely criticized as a mistake, the result of a misanalysis of the contraction in sentences such asI'd rather stay. But it is in fact a survival of the subjunctive formhad that appears in constructions like had better and had best, as in 这种对had 的使用曾经招致广泛的批评， 人们认为这是由于对I'd rather stay 这句话简略形式的误解所致。 但实际上这是对例如在had better 或 had best 中 had 虚拟用法的延用，我们能说： 〔bloodstain〕A stain caused by blood.血斑，血迹：由血液所致的污染〔sodden〕Expressionless, stupid, or dull, especially from drink.无表情的：没有表情的、迟钝的或麻木的，尤其是因为喝酒所致〔blast〕To cause to shrivel, wither, or mature imperfectly by or as if by blast or blight:枯萎：使枯萎，萎缩或发育不良，由枯萎病或就象由枯萎病所致：〔one〕When constructions headed byone appear as the subject of a sentence or relative clause, there may be a question as to whether the verb should be singular or plural.Such a construction is exemplified in the sentenceOne of every ten rotors was found defective. Although the pluralwere is sometimes used in such sentences, an earlier survey found that the singular was preferred by a large majority of the Usage Panel. ·Another problem is raised by constructions such asone of those people who or its variants. In the sentenceThe defeat turned out to be one of the most costly blows that were ever inflicted on our forces, most grammarians would hold that the pluralwere is correct, in as much as the subject of the verb is the plural nounblows. However, constructions of this sort are often used with a singular verb even by the best writers.Note also that when the phrase containingone is introduced by the definite article, the verb in the relative clause must be singular: 当以one 开头的结构作为一个句子或关系从句的主语出现时， 就出现动词用单数还是复数的问题，如用在句子每十个转子中有一个为次品 中的这种结构。 虽然复数were 有时用在这种句子中， 但在一次早期的调查发现用法专题使用小组的大部分成员更倾向于用单数。另一个问题是由象one of those people who 这样的结构及其变化引起的。 在句子The defeat turned out to be one of the most costly blows that were ever inflicted on our forces, 中, 大多数语法学家主张用复数were 是正确的， 以及主要是由于动词的主语是复数名词blow 所致。 然而，这种结构常与单数动词连用，甚至被很有声望的作家采用。也要注意当包含one 的短语被定冠词限制时， 相关的从句中的动词一定要用单数： 〔chap〕To cause (the skin) to roughen, redden, or crack, especially as a result of cold or exposure:干裂：使（皮肤）变粗糙、变红或皲裂，尤指寒冷或暴露所致：〔kabbalah〕There are no less than two dozen variant spellings ofkabbalah, the most common of which include kabbalah, kabala, kabalah, qabalah, qabala, cabala, cabbala, kaballah, kabbala, kaballah, and qabbalah. This sort of confusion is frequently seen with Hebrew and Arabic words borrowed into English because there exist several different systems of transliterating the Hebrew and Arabic alphabets into Roman letters. Often a more exact or scholarly transliteration, such as Qur'an, will coexist alongside a spelling that has been heavily Anglicized ( Koran ). The fact that the Hebrew and Arabic alphabets do not as a rule indicate short vowels or the doubling of consonants compounds the difficulties. Spellings of kabbalah with one or two b 's are equally "correct,” insofar as the single b accurately reproduces the spelling of the Hebrew, while the double b represents the fact that it was once pronounced with a double b. kabbalah 有超过十二种以上不同的拼法，最常见的包括 kabbalah, kabala, kabalah, qabalah, qabala, cabala, cabbala, kaballah, kabbala, kaballah 及 qabbalah 。此类混淆情形最常见于自希伯来及阿拉伯文字转借给英语时，这是由于在希伯来及阿拉伯字母音译为罗马字母时有数种不同系统存在所致。通常较精确或是学究上的音译，例如 Qur'an ，会与已经偏重于英语化的拼法（ Koran ）共同存在。事实上，希伯来及阿拉伯字母并没有一种明确指出短元音及双子音为何的原则增加其困难度， kabbalah 有一到两个 b 的拼法都一样“正确”，到目前为止单 b 精确地重现希伯来文的拼法，而双 b 则表示它曾经以双 b 发音的事实 〔caffeinism〕A toxic condition marked by diarrhea, elevated blood pressure, rapid breathing, heart palpitations, and insomnia, caused by excessive ingestion of coffee and other caffeine-containing substances.咖啡中毒症：一种中毒症状，以腹泻、血压升高、呼吸急促、心悸和失眠为主要症状，由于摄入过多的咖啡和其它含咖啡因的物质所致〔violent〕Caused by unexpected force or injury rather than by natural causes:狂暴的，凶暴的：暴力或强力（非自然力）所致的：〔eyestrain〕Pain and fatigue of the eyes, often accompanied by headache, resulting from prolonged use of the eyes, uncorrected defects of vision, or an imbalance of the eye muscles.眼下疲劳：眼睛的疼痛和疲乏，常伴有头痛，长久使用眼睛所致，或因未矫正的视力缺陷或眼肌的不平衡〔cryptococcosis〕A systemic infection caused by the fungusCryptococcus neoformans that can affect any organ of the body but most often occurs in the central nervous system. 隐球菌病：一种由新型隐球酵母 真菌所致的全身性传染病，能够侵袭身体的任何器官，但多数通常出现在中枢神经系统中 〔stammer〕These verbs apply to hesitant, stumbling, or halting speech.Tostammer is generally to speak with involuntary pauses or repetitions, as from nervousness or confusion: 这些动词都表示犹豫、口吃或停顿的说话。Stammer 一般指说话带有无意识的停顿或重复， 因紧张或者不知所措所致： 〔breaking〕The change of a simple vowel to a diphthong, often caused by the influence of neighboring consonants.元音割裂：一个单元音向一个双元音的转变，常由临近辅音影响所致〔campylobacterosis〕A gastrointestinal condition characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever, caused by eating raw meat or unpasteurized milk contaminated withCampylobacter jejuni, a bacterium that infects poultry, cattle, and sheep. 弯曲杆菌感染：以腹泻、腹部痉挛和发烧为特征胃肠症状，因食用被肠弯曲杆菌 污染的生肉或未用巴氏灭菌法消毒的牛奶所致，这种细菌是一种感染家禽、牛类和绵羊的细菌 〔consonant〕A speech sound produced by a partial or complete obstruction of the air stream by any of various constrictions of the speech organs.辅音：一种由语言器官的收缩所致的部分或完全的气流阻塞产生的语音〔emaciate〕To make or become extremely thin, especially as a result of starvation.使消瘦：使或变得极瘦，尤指饥饿所致〔oxacillin〕A semisynthetic penicillin effective against penicillin-resistant infections, especially those of staphylococci.新青霉素二：一种半合成青霉素，有效地控制由抗青霉素的葡萄球菌所致感染〔tarantism〕A disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to dance, especially prevalent in southern Italy from the 15th to the 17th century and popularly attributed to the bite of a tarantula.毒蜘蛛舞蹈症：为不能控制的舞蹈欲为特征的一种精神错乱，尤指在15世纪到17世纪期间流行于意大利南部的，一般认为是被一种狼蜘蛛咬后所致〔tire〕 Jade refers principally to dullness that most often results from overindulgence: Jade 主要指由于过度放纵所致的厌倦： |
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