| 单词 | 手段 |
| 释义 | 〔livelihood〕 Support also applies to one that provides the necessaries, means, or funds to sustain others: Support 也用于表示维持他人生活的必须品、手段或资金： 〔antidote〕an antidote against inflation. 反通货膨胀的手段 〔defame〕To damage the reputation, character, or good name of by slander or libel.See Synonyms at malign 用诽谤的手段损害…的名誉、人格或好名声 参见 malign〔adessive〕Of, relating to, or being the grammatical case expressing means, as Finnishpuhumalla "by speaking, while speaking.” 方法格的：表示“方法、手段”的语法格的、与方法格有关的或是方法格的，如芬兰语puhumalla “用说的方式，说话时” 〔how〕In what manner or way; by what means:如何，怎样：以什么方式；用什么手段：〔deterrent〕A retaliatory means of discouraging enemy attack:阻止敌人攻击的报复性手段：〔intellectualization〕An unconscious means of protecting oneself from the emotional stress and anxiety associated with confronting painful personal fears or problems by excessive reasoning.理智化：通过过度的理性思维以便使自己从与痛苦的个人恐惧或问题有关的情感压力或焦虑中解脱的无意识的手段〔adopt〕To take into one's family through legal means and raise as one's own child.收养，过继：通过合法手段吸收为家庭中的一员并作自己的孩子抚养〔satisfaction〕A source or means of gratification.使人满意的原因或手段〔optometrist〕A person who is professionally trained and licensed to examine the eyes for visual defects, diagnose problems or impairments, and prescribe corrective lenses or provide other types of treatment.验光师，配镜师：经过专业训练并领取执照以专门从事对眼睛的视力缺陷、疑难杂症 或损害情况进行检查的人，他还负责提供有助视力改善的眼镜或其他类型的治疗手段〔deter〕To prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt:威吓：通过恐吓或怀疑的手段阻止或使不敢：〔lonely〕Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary, said "It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.”In many casesthis one person may have been an author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded instance; it is possible that a given author picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother Volumnia:"My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightly—though I go alone,/Like to alonely dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen—your son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice.” Lonely here, of course, has the sense "solitary.” The dragon does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.牛津英语词典 的四位编纂者之一亨利·布莱德雷说： “人们经常忽视这样一个现实，但它并非不重要，那就是对某种语言词汇的每一次添加都首先是由于某一个人的行为（尽管不一定是自愿的或有意识的行为）”。许多时候，这一个人可能是个作者，因为一个词有记载的首次使用往往出自一位作者的作品。当然，正如布莱德雷所提醒人们的，这是首次有记载的 的例子； 某个作者可能是从别处学到这个词或这个意思，或是这个词或意思在更早的作品中已经出现，只是未被人们发现。不管怎样，当我们知道lonely 这个词的有记载的首次使用出现在莎士比亚的作品中时，这些都不大能减轻我们的沮丧心情。 在卡里奥拉纳斯 （1607-1608年）中， 卡里奥拉纳斯对他母亲弗罗姆尼娅讲的一段话中有这样的文字：“我的母亲，你清楚地知道／我的冒险一直是你的安慰，而且／不要轻信——尽管我要只身前往，／就象去面对一条孤单的 龙，他的沼泽／令人谈而色变，尽管并未亲见——你的儿子／决意或是胜过凡人或是被狡猾的圈套和手段擒捉”。 Lonely 在这里的意思当然是“孤单的”。 龙不会感到沮丧，即便它感到沮丧，他也不太可能知道如何让别人体会到它的感情〔communication〕communications A means of communicating, especially: communications 传达的手段，尤指：〔decoy〕A means used to mislead or lead into danger.诱捕：一种手段，用以把…引入危险的境地〔mulct〕To acquire by trickery or deception.诈骗：用骗局或欺骗的手段来获得〔Merton〕American sociologist who proposed that deviant behavior results when a society offers no acceptable means of achieving acceptable goals.默顿，罗伯特·金：(生于 1910) 美国社会学家，他提出当社会不能提供达到可接受目标的可接受手段时，就会有越轨行为发生〔mysterious〕Occult suggests knowledge reputedly gained only by secret, magical, or supernatural means: Occult 暗指只有通过秘密、神奇或超自然的手段才能获得的知识： 〔card〕Something, such as an advantageous circumstance or tactical maneuver, that can be used to help gain an objective:手段，办法，妙计：能够用来帮助达到一目的的东西，如有利的环境或高明的策略：〔sleeve〕I still have a few tricks up my sleeve.我还有几种手段藏而待用呢〔flaccid〕flaccid management.软弱无力的手段〔purchase〕A means of increasing power or influence.手段：扩大力量或影响的方法〔graphology〕The study of handwriting, especially when employed as a means of analyzing character.笔迹学：笔迹研究，尤指旨在作为一种性格分析的手段的笔迹研究〔camouflage〕camouflaged their hatred with professions of friendship.See Synonyms at disguise 用表明友好的手段来隐瞒他们所憎之人 参见 disguise〔pacifism〕Opposition to war or violence as a means of resolving disputes.反战主义：对作为解决争端手段的战争或暴力的反对〔blackmail〕Extortion of money or something else of value from a person by the threat of exposing a criminal act or discreditable information.黑函，敲诈函：通过揭露犯罪行为或提供不可信资料等手段威胁强索某人钱财或值钱之物〔force〕Coerce invariably implies the use of strength or harsh measures in securing compliance: Coerce 总是指使用武力或粗暴手段来胁迫服从： 〔embracery〕An attempt to corrupt a jury, as with bribery.贿赂行为：收买陪审团的企图，如用贿赂手段等〔activism〕The theory, doctrine, or practice of assertive, often militant action, such as mass demonstrations or strikes, used as a means of opposing or supporting a controversial issue, entity, or person.激进主义，行动主义：武断冲动的理论、主义或实践。常指激进行动，如大规模的示威或罢工，以作为反对或支持有争议的事件、实体或人的手段〔cardioaccelerator〕An agent, such as a drug, that increases the heart rate.心动加速剂：一种增加心跳速率的手段，如药物〔euchre〕To deceive by sly or underhand means; cheat:欺骗：用秘密的、不正大光明的手段骗取；欺骗：〔weapon〕A means used to defend against or defeat another:武器：用来防御或打败别人的手段：〔recur〕To have recourse:诉诸：具有手段办法：〔ploy〕An action calculated to frustrate an opponent or gain an advantage indirectly or deviously; a maneuver:计策，手段：旨在间接或不正当地挫败对手或获得权势的一种行为；计策：〔sly〕Foxy implies cunning and craft and usually long experience in the use of trickery: Foxy 暗示着谋略和方法以及长期使用害人的手段： 〔contain〕To check the expansion or influence of (a hostile power or ideology) by containment.牵制：通过遏制手段阻止（敌对势力或意识形态）的扩张或影响〔penetration〕"If the policy is accepted that the Soviet Union has a right to penetrate her immediate neighbors for security, penetration of the next immediate neighbors becomes . . . equally logical"(W. Averell Harriman)“如果苏联出于安全考虑而有权对其最接近的邻国进行渗透并窃取情报的这种策略手段得到容忍，那么它对其他邻国情况的刺探及渗透同样也会变得符合逻辑了”(W.阿弗莱尔·哈里曼)〔starve〕To force to a specified state by starving.饿死：用饥饿的手段强迫达到某一特定状态〔fob〕To put off or appease by deceitful or evasive means:安抚，哄骗：以欺骗或躲避的手段拖延或安抚：〔cozenage〕The art or practice of cozening.欺诈：欺诈的手段或方法〔occupy〕To seize possession of and maintain control over by or as if by conquest.占据：通过征服手段或相似手段获得并保持对其控制 |
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