| 单词 | 打碎 |
| 释义 | 〔smashing〕a smashing blow to the head.几乎把脑袋打碎的一击〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺）〔brittle〕Likely to break, snap, or crack, as when subjected to pressure:易碎的：如受压后可能打碎、断裂或打破的：〔attrition〕Middle English attricioun [regret, breaking] 中古英语 attricioun [后悔，打碎] 〔clast〕from klan [to break] 源自 klan [打碎] 〔fracture〕The act or process of breaking.破碎：打碎的动作或过程〔rough〕broke the crystal through rough handling.因动作毛糙而将水晶制品打碎了〔sketch〕from schizzare [to splash] 源自 schizzare [打碎] 〔lay〕She laid me out for breaking the vase.因为打碎了花瓶，她痛骂我一顿〔fragment〕To break or separate (something) into fragments.打碎或分割（某物）成碎块〔chamfer〕fraindre [to break] from Latin frangere * see bhreg- fraindre [打碎] 源自 拉丁语 frangere * 参见 bhreg- 〔fracture〕from frāctus [past participle of] frangere [to break] * see bhreg- 源自 frāctus frangere的过去分词 [打碎] * 参见 bhreg- 〔shatter〕To break into pieces; smash or burst.See Synonyms at break 粉碎：裂成碎片；打碎或爆裂 参见 break〔fragile〕These adjectives mean easily broken or damaged.这些形容词意思都是易打碎或损坏的。〔quebracho〕quebrar [to break] from Latin crepāre [to crack] quebrar [打碎] 源自 拉丁语 crepāre [破裂] 〔erupt〕rumpere [to break] * see reup- rumpere [打碎，打破] * 参见 reup- 〔discuss〕from Latin discussus [past participle of] discutere [to break up] 源自 拉丁语 discussus discutere的过去分词 [打碎，破碎] 〔Nation〕American temperance crusader who conducted a series of raids on saloons, in which she would break bottles of liquor and destroy barroom furniture with a hatchet.纳辛，卡利·阿米列·穆尔：(1846-1911) 美国禁酒运动参与者，她领导了对酒吧的一系列袭击，在那儿她会打碎酒瓶并且用一个短柄小斧毁坏酒吧间的家具〔fraction〕One might think that a word likefraction as well as its ancestors might have always referred to the mathematical fraction. Certainly the mathematical notion of a fraction was known to the Babylonians, perhaps as early as 2000b.c. But our wordfraction goes back only to the Latin word frangere, "to break.” From the stem of the past participlefrāctus is derived Late Latin frāctiō, "a breaking" or "a breaking in pieces,”as in the breaking of the Eucharistic Host.In Medieval Latin the wordfrāctiō developed its mathematical sense, which was taken into Middle English along with the word.The earliest recorded sense of our word is "an aliquot part of a unit, a fraction or subdivision,”found in a work by Chaucer written about 1400.One of the next recorded instances of the word recalls its origins, referring to the "brekying or fraccioun" of a bone.人们也许认为一个词如fraction 以及它的词源总是指数学上的分数。 当然，分数的数学概念也许早在公元前 2000年就已被巴比伦人所熟知。 但fraction 一词仅能追溯到拉丁词 frangere ，“打碎”。 源自过去分词fractus 的词干是派生的后期拉丁语 fractio ， 意为“破裂”或“碎成一片片的”，如感恩节的饼的碎块。在中世纪拉丁语中，fractio 一词出现了数学意义， 这个词连同此意义都被记入中世纪英语中。这个词最早记载的意义是“一个数学单元，繁分数或再分数的约数”，出现在约1400年乔臾写的一部作品里。后来此词有记录的例子之一，指骨头上的“裂痕或碎片”，使人回忆起它的起源〔refractory〕from refrāctus [past participle of] refringere [to break up] * see refract 源自 refrāctus refringere的过去分词 [打碎] * 参见 refract〔fraction〕from Latin frāctus [past participle of] frangere [to break] * see bhreg- 源自 拉丁语 frāctus frangere的过去分词 [打碎] * 参见 bhreg- 〔cutwater〕The wedge-shaped end of a bridge pier, designed to divide the current and break up ice floes.桥墩分水角：桥墩的楔形边缘，用来分开水流并打碎浮冰块〔fragment〕from frangere frag- [to break] * see bhreg- 源自 frangere frag- [打碎] * 参见 bhreg- 〔bust〕To smash or break, especially forcefully:使破裂，击破：用力击碎或打碎：〔route〕from Latin rupta (via) [broken (road)] [feminine past participle of] rumpere [to break] * see rout 1源自 拉丁语 rupta (via) [破裂的（道路）] rumpere的阴性过去分词 [打碎] * 参见 rout1〔shiver〕To break into fragments or splinters; shatter.打碎，击碎：击成碎片或裂片；打碎〔smidgen〕perhaps ultimately from Middle English smite [perhaps from past participle of] smiten [to smite] * see smite 可能最终源自 中古英语 smite 可能是源自smiten的过去分词 [打击，打碎] * 参见 smite〔breakable〕Liable to break or to be broken.See Synonyms at fragile 易碎的：易于打碎或被打破的 参见 fragile〔chink〕from Middle English [crack] 源自 中古英语 [打碎，破碎] 〔smash〕The act or sound of smashing.破碎（声）：打碎的行动或发出的声音〔patch〕They patched together the broken statues with glue and plaster. The delegates will be forced to patch up their differences.他们用胶和膏料把打碎的雕像拼凑起来。代表团将被迫就他们的分歧达成妥协〔atomize〕To break into small fragments.打碎：使打成小碎片〔fragmentation〕The act or process of breaking into fragments.破碎：打碎成碎片的动作或过程〔squash〕Latin quassāre [to shatter] [frequentative of] quatere [to shake] * see kwēt- 拉丁语 quassāre [打碎] quatere的重复动词 [摇晃] * 参见 kwēt- 〔frail〕from frangere frag- [to break] * see bhreg- 源自 frangere frag- [打碎] * 参见 bhreg- 〔stamp〕To crush or grind with a heavy instrument:压碎：用一个沉重睥工具打碎或磨碎：〔liposculpture〕Liposuction that uses ultrasound to break fat into small sections before removal.吸脂术，抽脂术：吸除脂肪前用超音波将脂肪打碎的吸脂术〔fractal〕from Latin frāctus [past participle of] frangere [to break] * see fraction 源自 拉丁语 frāctus frangere的过去分词 [打碎] * 参见 fraction〔rout〕from feminine of Latin ruptus [past participle of] rumpere [to break] * see reup- 源自 拉丁语 ruptus的阴性词 rumpere的过去分词 [打碎] * 参见 reup- 〔scrap〕To break down into parts for disposal or salvage.打碎：打碎以处置或拯救 |
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