| 单词 | 扩充 |
| 释义 | 〔extrapolate〕To infer or estimate by extending or projecting known information.推断：通过对已知信息的伸展和扩充进行推断或估计〔increase〕The landowner enlarged her property by repeated purchases.土地拥有者不停购买以扩充她的财产。〔off〕Extending or branching out from:从…扩充或分支出来的：〔typhoon〕Perhaps few words better illustrate the polyglot background of English thantyphoon, with its Chinese, Arabic, East Indian, and Greek background. The Greek wordtyphon, both the name of the father of the winds and a common noun meaning "whirlwind, typhoon,” was borrowed into Arabic (as was many a Greek word during the Middle Ages, when Arabic learning both preserved the classical heritage and expanded upon it, passing it on to Europe).Ùūfān, the Arabic version of the Greek word, passed into languages spoken in India,where Arabic-speaking Moslem invaders had settled in the 11th century.Thus the descendant of the Arabic word,passing into English (first recorded in 1588) through an Indian languageand appearing in English in forms such astouffon and tufan, originally referred specifically to a severe storm in India.China, another great empire, gave us yet another word for a storm,in this case the hurricane that occurred in the waters around China.This Chinese word in its Cantonese form,toi fung, was similar to our Arabic borrowing and is first recorded in English guise astuffoon in 1699. The various forms coalesced and finally becametyphoon. 也许很少有单词能像typhoon 一样表明汉语、阿拉伯语、东印度语和希腊语的多国语言背景。 希腊单词typhon 既是风神的姓名又是意为“旋风，台风”的普通名词， 被借入到阿拉伯语（就象在中世纪时许多希腊语单词进入阿拉伯语一样，那时，阿拉伯人的学问保存了古典的风格，同时在把它传向欧洲时又有所扩充）。Tufan ，希腊语的阿拉伯语形式， 传入到了印度人使用的语言，11世纪时讲阿拉伯语的穆斯林入侵者在印度定居下来。这样，阿拉伯语单词的衍生，从印度语言进入英语（最早记载于1588年），并以如touffon 和 tufan 的形式出现于英语中， 最先特指印度的猛烈风暴。中国，另一个大帝国，给了我们风暴的另一个单词，这里指的是在中国附近洋面发生的飓风。汉语单词的广东语形式toi fung 同我们的阿拉伯语借用词相近， 最早以tuffoon 的形式于1699年载入英语。 各种形式合并在一起最后变成了typhoon 〔downzone〕the city's complex plan to downzone.这个城市的扩充计划被缩小〔amplification〕An addition to or expansion of a statement or idea.扩充，引申：对一个论断或看法的补充或扩展〔ethnic〕When in a Middle English text written before 1400it is said that a part of a temple fell down and "mad a gret distruccione of ethnykis,”one wonders why ethnics were singled out for death.The wordethnic in this context, however, means "gentile,” coming as it does from the Greek adjectiveethnikos, meaning "national, foreign, gentile.”The adjective is derived from the nounethnos, "people, nation, foreign people,” that in the plural phraseta ethnē meant "foreign nations.” In translating the Hebrew Bible into Greek,this phrase was used for Hebrewgōyīm, "gentiles"; hence the sense of the noun in the Middle English quotation.The nounethnic in this sense or the related sense "heathen" is not recorded after 1728, although the related adjective sense is still used. But probably under the influence of other words going back to Greekethnos, such asethnography and ethnology, the adjectiveethnic broadened in meaning in the 19th century. After this broadeningthe noun sense "a member of a particular ethnic group,”first recorded in 1945, came into existence.在一篇1400年以前的中古英语文章中写道，一座神殿的一部分倒塌了并“导致一个种族的彻底毁灭”，人们想知道为什么一个种族单单被挑出去死。但是ethnic 在这个上下文中的意思是“异教徒”， 来自于希腊语的形容词ethnikos ， 意为“民族的，外来的，异教的”。该形容词源自名词ethnos， 意为“民族、种族、外来人”， 它的复数形式ta ethne， 意为“外来民族”。 在把希伯来圣经翻译成希腊语的过程中，这一词组被用作希伯来语中的goyim， 意为“异教徒”； 因此名词的含意在中世纪英语被引用。即使相关含意讲的名词ethnic 在1728年之后也未被收录，尽管这时相关的形容词含义已被应用， 但大概在那些可追溯到古希腊语ethnos 的词， 如ethnograthy 和 ethnology 的影响下， 形容词ethnic 在19世纪时对词义进行了扩充。 这次扩充后，名词词意为“某一特定的种族群体中的一员”，在1945年被首次收录并开始存在〔extend〕To make more comprehensive or inclusive.See Synonyms at increase 扩充，充实：使更广泛或包含内容更多的 参见 increase〔greenfield〕A piece of usually semirural property that is undeveloped except for agricultural use, especially one considered as a site for expanding urban development.市郊绿区：一片通常为半乡下的地产，除了当农地使用外均未经开发，尤其是指被认为以扩充都市发展为目的的土地〔Piraeus〕A city of east-central Greece on the Saronic Gulf southwest of Athens. Its port was built in the 5th centuryb.c. and after extensive development in the mid-19th century became the principal seaport of the country. In ancient times it was connected with Athens by the Long Walls, two parallel walls some 183 m (600 ft) apart. Population, 196,389. 比雷埃夫斯：希腊中东部的一座城市，位于雅典西南的萨罗尼克湾上。其港口在公元前 5世纪建成，后来经过扩充发展，到19世纪中叶已成为国家的主要海港。在古代，该城与雅典城以一条长墙相连，长墙由两道平行的相距约183米(600英尺）的墙壁组成。人口196,389 〔EBCDIC〕A standard code that uses 8 bits to represent each of up to 256 alphanumeric characters.扩充的二进制编码的十进制交换码：使用8个二进制数字来代表多达256种中的每一种字母数字特征的标准码〔pod〕To expand or swell like a pod.扩充，扩大：象豆荚般延伸或胀大〔sterile〕These adjectives in literal usage mean not producing or unable to produce offspring; figuratively they suggest a lack of productiveness.To besterile is to be incapable of reproducing; by extension the term implies a lack of vitality, creativity, or effectiveness: 这些形容词字面意义是不育的或无能力生育的；比喻意义为不具备多产性的。Sterile 指无繁殖能力的， 其扩充涵义为缺乏生气、创造性或影响力的： 〔MIME〕A communications protocol that allows for the transmission of data in many forms, such as audio, binary, or video.多用途的网络邮件扩充协议：为通讯协议，允许信息以许多形式传输，如音频、二进制或视频〔continuation〕An extension by which something is carried to a further point.续篇，补编：事物被扩充延伸的附加部分〔aggrandize〕To increase the scope of; extend.增大；扩充：增加范围；扩展〔push〕To extend or enlarge:扩展，扩张：扩充或扩大： |
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