| 单词 | 扩大 |
| 释义 | 〔distend〕To extend.使扩展，扩大，展开〔inflated〕Unduly enlarged or aggrandized; swollen:夸大不实的：过分地扩大或夸张；夸张的：〔drift〕A tapered steel pin for enlarging and aligning holes.打孔器：用来扩大或调整孔洞的尖钢针〔mill〕Industrial mill towns are a far cry from the small water mill grinding grain near an Anglo-Saxon settlement,but the same wordmill is used in both contexts, showing how the meaning of a word can be generalized.The Old English wordmylen, "water mill for grinding grain,” is itself adopted from Late Latinmolīna or molīnum, "mill,” just as the Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, adopted the water mill from the Romans.In Middle Englishmilne, the descendant of the Old English word, was generalized to refer to a windmill, any power-driven mill for grinding grain, and a fulling mill.But it was left for the postmedieval,increasingly industrialized world really to generalize the meaning ofmill, applying it to machines such as pepper mills and cider millsand buildings such as textile mills and steel mills.Mill town is first recorded in 1847. 工业化的制造区与原来盎格鲁-撒克逊人居住地附近那种靠水力推动来磨谷物的小型磨臼大不相同，但mill 这个词对这两种情况都适用， 这可以体现出某一词汇的意思是可以有概括性的。古英语中mylen 一词有“磨谷物的水磨”的意思， 这个词由后期拉丁语中的molina 或 molinum 而来，意为“磨臼”， 正如日尔曼民族中的盎格鲁-撒克逊人从罗马人那里引进了水磨。中古英语中milne 一词由古英语词而来， 它的词义已扩大，可指风车、任何靠动力驱动来磨谷物的磨以及缩洗机。不过在中世纪晚期，不断发展的工业化世界真正使mill 这个词在意义上有所扩大， 它可以指胡椒研磨机或苹果榨汁机等机器，也可以指纺织厂或钢铁厂等工厂。Mill town 这个词最早见载于1847年 〔Attlee〕British politician who as prime minister (1945-1951) formed the Labor government that established the National Health Service, expanded public ownership of industry, and granted independence to India (1947) and Burma (1948).艾德礼，克雷芒·理查德：(1883-1967) 英国政治家，任首相（1945-1951年）期间组成了建立国民医疗服务体系的工党政府，扩大了公众对工业的所有权，授予印度（1947年）和缅甸（1948年）独立权〔Brooklyn〕A borough of New York City in southeast New York on western Long Island. Dutch colonists first settled the area in 1636 and 1637 and in 1645 established the hamlet of Breuckelen near the present-day site of borough hall. Renamed Brooklyn by the English, the expanded community became part of Greater New York City in 1898. Population, 2,300,664.布鲁克林区：美国纽约市的一自治村镇，位于长岛西部纽约东南部。荷兰殖民者于1636和1637年间最早在此定居，1645年在今行政厅附近建立布勒克伦村。英国人改称为布鲁克林，扩大后的社区在1898年成为大纽约市的一部分。人口2,300,664〔mydriasis〕Prolonged, abnormal dilatation of the pupil of the eye caused by disease or a drug.瞳孔扩散：由于疾病或者药物引起的眼睛瞳孔变长、不正常的扩大〔stumble〕"The urge to wider voyages . . . caused men to stumble upon New America"(Kenneth Cragg)“扩大航行范围的紧迫要求使人类意外地发现了新美洲”(肯尼思·克拉格)〔growth〕An increase, as in size, number, value, or strength; extension or expansion:增长，扩大：体积、数量、价值或力量的增长；扩展或扩大：〔augment〕To become augmented.See Synonyms at increase 扩大，增加 参见 increase〔Abbasside〕An Arabic dynasty (750-1258) that expanded the Moslem empire. It was named for al-Abbas (566?-652), paternal uncle of the prophet Mohammed.阿拔斯王朝：一阿拉伯王朝（750-1258年），它使穆斯林帝国得以扩大。得名于先知穆罕默德的叔父阿拔斯（566?-652年）〔impitoyable〕A large wine-tasting glass configured so as to enhance taste and amplify aroma.大品酒杯：为增强酒味且扩大酒香而配制的大尝酒杯子〔extended〕Enlarged or broad in meaning, scope, or influence:扩大的：在意思，范围或影响方面扩大的或变宽的：〔seep〕To enter, depart, or become diffused gradually.弥漫，扩大：慢慢地进入、出来或逐渐地扩散〔coccidium〕-idium [n. suff.] from Greek -idion [diminutive suff.] -idium [主张扩大参政者] 源自 希腊语 -idion [小后缀] 〔enlargement〕An act of enlarging or the state of being enlarged.扩大，扩展：扩展的行为或扩大了的状态〔increase〕He does exercises to expand his chest.他做锻炼以扩大胸肌。〔Han〕A Chinese dynasty (206b.c. - a.d. 220) noted for unifying and expanding its national territory and for promoting literature and the arts. 汉：中国的一个朝代(公元前206年 - 公元220年 )，以其国家统一， 疆土扩大，文学和艺术得到提高而著称 〔scenario〕"In the scenario posed by many climatologists, decades of continued global warming would raise sea levels anywhere from 20 inches to more than 11 feet as the polar ice caps melt and the ocean's upper layers expand"(San Francisco Chronicle)“在许多气候学家提出的设想中，随着南北两极冰层顶部的融化和海洋表层的扩大，几十年来全球不断地变暖，将使每个地方的海平面上升20英寸到11英尺多”(旧金山记事)〔extend〕To be or become long, large, or comprehensive:扩大：使变得长、大或广泛：〔dilate〕from Latin dīlātāre [to enlarge] 源自 拉丁语 dīlātāre [扩大] 〔Drusus〕Roman general who sought to impose Roman rule on the Germanic tribes.德鲁苏斯，尼禄·克劳狄乌斯：(38-9) 罗马将军，曾企图将罗马的统治扩大到日耳曼诸部落〔kaki〕A Chinese tree(Diospyros kaki) having large, edible, orange to reddish fruit with orange flesh and an enlarged, persistent calyx. 柿树：一种中国柿树，（柿树属柿） ，有大的、可食的桔黄色至红色的果实，果肉呈桔黄色；带有扩大的宿存花萼 〔build〕To develop or increase in stages or by degrees:扩大，集结，支持：逐步或分阶段的发展或增加：〔augment〕To make (something already developed or well under way) greater, as in size, extent, or quantity:扩大，增加，加强：使（已经发展的或稳妥进行的事物）在尺寸、程度或数量方面增大：〔vasoactive〕Causing constriction or dilation of blood vessels.导致血管的缩小或扩大的〔test〕A reagent used to cause or promote such a change.化验剂：能够造成或扩大这种变化的制剂〔dilatation〕The condition of being expanded or stretched.扩大：扩大或延伸的状况〔broach〕A tapered, serrated tool used to shape or enlarge a hole.手钻：用来钻孔，或扩大孔的尖细带齿的工具〔magnify〕To increase the apparent size of, especially by means of a lens.扩大外观上的尺寸，特别是利用透镜〔ream〕To form, shape, taper, or enlarge (a hole) with or as if with a reamer.扩，整：用扩孔钻或仿佛是用扩张钻去造出、成形出、整出或扩大（某个孔）〔accretion〕An increase of land along the shores of a body of water, as by alluvial deposit.冲积层：如因冲积沉淀而使土地近水的地方扩大〔Disraeli〕British politician who served as prime minister (1868 and 1874-1880) and was instrumental in extending the power and scope of the British Empire.迪斯雷利，本杰明：(1804-1881) 英国政治家，曾任首相(1868年和1874-1880年），为扩大英帝国的权力和范围起了很大的推动作用〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔branch〕To enlarge the scope of one's interests, business, or activities:扩大某人的兴趣，业务，或活动范围：〔sporogony〕Reproduction by multiple fission of a spore or zygote, characteristic of many sporozoans. Sporogony results in the production of sporozoites.孢子生殖：通过一个孢子或受精卵的扩大分裂而生殖，以众多的孢体为特征。孢子生殖导致孢子的产生〔movement〕a movement toward larger kitchens.有扩大厨房得倾向〔stretch〕To extend or enlarge beyond the usual or proper limits:使过度伸展：伸展或扩大超出通常或适当的限制：〔propagate〕To extend to a broader area or larger number; spread.扩大：扩展到较大的区域或数量；拓展〔hapten〕German -en [n. suff.] from Greek -ēnē [-ene] 德语 -en [名词，主张扩大参政权者] 源自 希腊语 -ēnē [后缀，表“…抗原”] |
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