| 单词 | 找到 |
| 释义 | 〔pedalfer〕Soil rich in alumina and iron and deficient in carbonates, found in and characteristic of humid regions.铁铝土：一种在湿润的地区可找到并以此为特征的含丰富铝和铁但缺少碳酸盐的土壤〔reach〕They reached us by telephone. Our newsletter reaches a very specialized readership.他们通过电话找到了我们。我们的新闻来函专栏拥有一群特殊的读者〔home〕The place where something is discovered, founded, developed, or promoted; a source.发源地：某种事物被发现、找到、发展或推动的地方；发源地〔hot〕hot on the trail.即将找到失去的线索〔Franklin〕British explorer who led a search for the Northwest Passage (1845-1847) on which he and his 129-man crew perished. A record of the expedition's discovery of the passage was found in 1857.富兰克林，约翰：(1786-1847) 英国探险家，1845-1847年率队探寻西北航道时他与其他129名船员全部遇难。关于远征时发现航道的记录在1857年被找到〔find〕found the hidden leak in the pipe.在烟斗上找到一个隐藏的缺口〔fetch〕To retrieve killed game. Used of a hunting dog.利用猎狗找到并带回：衔回被打死的猎物。用作对猎犬的命令〔look〕To search for and find, as in a reference book.查找：在参考书中寻找并找到〔pyroxene〕Greek xenos [stranger (originally viewed as a foreign substance when found in igneous rocks)] * see ghos-ti- 希腊语 xenos [陌生人（最初被认为是在火或岩中找到的外国物质）] * 参见 ghos-ti- 〔figure〕Can you figure out this puzzle?你能找到谜底吗?〔resolve〕To find a solution to; solve.See Synonyms at solve 解决：找到对…的解决方法；解决 参见 solve〔discover〕To be the first to find, learn of, or observe.发现，观察到：第一个找到、学会或观察到〔kludge〕The wordkludge is not "etymologist-friendly,” having many possible origins,none of which can be definitively established.This term, found frequently in the jargon of the engineering and computer professions,denotes a usually workable but makeshift system, modification, solution, or repair.Kludge has had a relatively short life (first recorded in 1962 although it is said to have been used as early as 1944 or 1945) for a word with so many possible origins. The proposed sources of the word, Germanklug, kluge, "intelligent, clever,” or a blend ofklutz and nudge or klutz and refudge, do not contain all the necessary sounds to give us the word,correctly pronounced at least.The notions thatkludge may have been coined by a computer technician or that it might be the last name of a designer of graphics hardware seem belied by the possibility that it is older than such origins would allow.It seems most likely that the wordkludge originally was formed during the course of a specific situation in which such a device was called for.The makers of the word,if still alive,are no doubt unaware that etymologists need informationso they can stop trying to "kludge" an etymology together.单词kludge 不是“词源学家的朋友”， 有很多可能的来源，每一个都不能准确成立。这个词，经常在工程和电脑业的行话中找到，表示一个通常能工作但是临时凑合的系统、修改、解答或修理。作为一个有这么多可能的来源的词，kludge 却有一个相对小的年纪（1962年第一次有记载，尽管据说早到1944年或1945年就已经使用）。 该词被推荐的来源是德文klug, kluge “聪明的，灵巧的”， 或者klutz 和 nudge 的混合或 klutz 和 refudge 的混合， 没有包含能向我们给出这个词的所有必需的声音，至少是正确的发音。kludge 可能是由电脑技术人员杜撰的或者它可能是图形显示硬件的一名设计者的姓， 这些看法由于它比这些来源能允许的时间要早的可能性而被误解。看起来最可能的是单词kludge ， 最早是在需要这样的设备的特定环境中形成的。这一单词的制造者，如果还健在的话，毫无疑问意识不到词源学家需要此类信息，这样他们才能终止“临时搭配”成一个词源的努力〔proprioceptor〕A sensory receptor, found chiefly in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear, that detects the motion or position of the body or a limb by responding to stimuli arising within the organism.本体感受器：一种感受器，主要在肌肉、腱关节和内耳中找到通过对有权体内产生的刺激反应来察觉身体或肢节的运动或位置〔get〕To find or reach by calculating:找到，得到：通过计算而找到或算出：〔uncomplicated〕found an uncomplicated solution to the problem.找到解决问题的简单方法〔gold〕Symbol Au A soft, yellow, corrosion-resistant element, the most malleable and ductile metal, occurring in veins and alluvial deposits and recovered by mining or by panning or sluicing. A good thermal and electrical conductor, gold is generally alloyed to increase its strength, and it is used as an international monetary standard, in jewelry, for decoration, and as a plated coating on a wide variety of electrical and mechanical components. Atomic number 79; atomic weight 196.967; melting point 1,063.0°C; boiling point 2,966.0°C; specific gravity 19.32; valence 1, 3. See table at element 符号 Au 黄金：一种软的，黄色的，抗腐蚀的物质，是最具有延展性的金属并能抽成丝，产于矿藏和冲积层中，通过开采或淘砂可以找到它，是热和电的良好导体。黄金中一般掺入其他物质以增加强度，经常被用作衡量国际货币的标准，也被制成珠宝作为装饰品，同时被广泛用作各种电子和机械元件的镀层材料。原子序数79；原子量196.967；熔点1,063.0°C；沸点2,966.0°C；比重19.32；化合价为1，3 参见 element〔olivine〕A mineral silicate of iron and magnesium, principally (Mg, Fe)2SiO 4, found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a structural material in refractories and in cements. Also called chrysolite 橄榄石：一种由铁和镁元素构成的矿物质硅酸盐，分子式主要为(Mg,Fe)2SiO 4，可在火成岩和变质岩中找到，并作为建筑材料用于耐火材料和水泥中 也作 chrysolite〔search〕To examine in order to find something lost or concealed.搜寻：为找到遗失或被隐藏起来的某物而进行的搜索〔haywire〕It may seem oddthat the wordhaywire should have come to describe something or someone that is not functioning properly. Haywire originally was in fact simply a compound of the words hay and wire, denoting wire used to bale things such as hay or straw.The term is first recorded as a noun in a debate that occurred in the Canadian House of Commons (1917);hence it is a Canadianism, or since it soon thereafter appeared in a United States publication, a North Americanism.We find an earlier (1905) attributive use,however, in the phrasehay wire outfit, a term used contemptuously for poorly equipped loggers. What lies behind this term is the practice of making repairs with haywire.Haywire is found in other contexts with the general sense "makeshift, inefficient,” from which comes the extended senses "not functioning properly" and "crazy.”看起来或许很奇怪，haywire 一词竟可以用来形容某物或某人不能正常运转。 事实上，haywire 是由 hay 和 wire 两个词组成的一个简单复合词， 指用来捆绑诸如干草或麦秆的铁丝，这个词在1917年加拿大众议院的一次辩论中第一次以一个名词的形式被记录下来，因此这是一个加拿大俗语或者说是北美俗词，因此这词很快就出现在美国出版物中。我们可以找到一个更早的（1905年）形容性用法，词组hay wire outfit, 是对装备不足的伐木工人的鄙称。 这个词的内涵是指准备用铁丝捆干草的工作。在其它语境中，haywire 被用来表示“临时的，效率低的”这种笼统的意思， 由此扩展出“不能正常工作的”以及“疯狂的”这些意义〔deconstruction〕"In deconstruction, the critic claims there is no meaning to be found in the actual text, but only in the various, often mutually irreconcilable, ‘virtual texts’ constructed by readers in their search for meaning"(Rebecca Goldstein)“在结构中，评论家宣称在真正的文本中不可能找到含义，只能通过各种各样方式并通常是双方不可互相调和的，读者为了寻找含义而构建起来的‘虚拟文本’上才能找到”(丽贝卡·戈尔茨坦)〔hit〕trying to hit the right note.努力找到正确的音符〔so〕But this rule is best regarded as a stylistic preference;in such clausesthat is frequently omitted even by reputable writers in formal contexts, as inThey will have to double up so (or so that ) room can be found for the new arrivals. · Bothso and so that are acceptably used to introduce clauses that state a result or consequence: 但是这条规则最好被认为是格式上的偏好。在这样的句子中，即使是很著名的作家也在正式的文章中经常省略that ， 如在句子他们将不得不两个人睡一张床，以便 （或者 so that ) 新到的人能找到住房 。 So 和 so that 都可以被接受用来引入陈述一个结果或后果的从句： 〔roosterfish〕A brightly colored food and game fish(Nematistius pectoralis) found from the Gulf of California to Panama. 线鳍鲹：可从加利福尼亚湾至巴拿马找到的色泽亮丽的准许捕捉的食用鱼（丝帆鱼） 〔Brahman〕The single absolute being pervading the universe and found within the individual; atman.自我：宇宙中和可在个体中找到的独一无二的绝对存在；自我〔kind〕The use of the plural demonstrativesthese and those with kind and sort, as inthese kind (or sort ) of films, has been a traditional bugbear of American grammarians. By and large,British grammarians have been more tolerant,and the construction can be found in the works of British writers from Pope to Dickens to Churchill.Grammatically, the question boils down towhetherkind and sort should be treated as head nouns (analogous to species or variety, for example) or whether they have become semantically weakened to the status of a sort of phrasal quantifierthat functions like an adjective,analogous in some ways tobunch and number in expressions such asa bunch of friends, a number of reasons. Ifkind and sort are unambiguously nouns, one would expect to see only singular demonstratives and singular verbs accompanying them: 复数形式的指示代词these 和 those 与 kind 和 sort 的用法， 如these kind （或 sort ） of films， 成为美国语法专家长期感到头痛的问题。 总的说来，英国语法专家对此更能容忍，这一句法结构可以在从蒲柏到狄更斯以至丘吉尔这些英国作家的著作中找到。在语法上，问题归结起来是，是否kind 和 sort 应当作中心词名词（例如，与 species 或 variety 类似）， 或者是否他们语义上减弱到一种数量词短语的地位，其功能像一个形容词，某些方面类似于bunch 和 number ， 其表述例如一群朋友，一大堆理由。 如果kind 和 sort 是明确的名词， 人们应该希望只看到单数指示代词和与之相伴的单数动词： 〔retrieve〕a dog trained to retrieve.受训能找到并带回猎物的狗〔way〕several ways of solving this problem; had no way to reach her.解决这个问题的几种办法；没有办法找到她〔Rolodex〕"Their names can be found in Rolodexes all over town"(New York Times)“他们的名字可以在全镇的罗拉代克斯卡上找到”(纽约时报)〔hit〕finally hit on the answer; hit upon a solution to the problem.最终找到了答案；最终寻求到了解决这个问题的方法〔bistro〕According to a popular story,bistro came into existence as a French word when Russian soldiers entered Parisian restaurants and cafés after the fall of Napoleon in 1815 shouting "bystro, bystro,” Russian for "quickly, quickly.” Bistros seem to have been named not for this desire for quick servicebut possibly for a commodity to be found in at least some of them,since the French wordbistro may be related to the word bistouille, "raw spirits, rotgut.” Another possibility is that the wordbistro comes from the dialectal word bistraud, "young cowherd.” In Standard French the term may have come to mean "wine merchant's helper" and then "an establishment selling wine.”Although the French wordbistro is first recorded in 1884, evidence for the English wordbistro is not found until the early 1920's. 根据传说，bistro 原是一个法国词而产生的，当1815年拿破仑失败后俄国士兵进入巴黎饭馆和咖啡店，就叫嚷着 "bistro，bistro，” 俄语的意思为“快点，快点”。 “酒馆”似乎是因这种要求快速服务的愿望而得名，但可能是源于在酒馆中至少可以找到的一种商品，因为法国词bistro 可能与另一个意为“生酒，劣等烧酒”的词 bistouille 有关。 另一种可能是bistro 一词来自方言 bistrand， 意为“年轻的放牛娃”。 在标准法语中该词可能指“酒商的助手”，后来指“卖酒的企业。”虽然法语bistro 一词在1884年最先有记载， 但英语bistro 一词直到19世纪20年代初期才有出现的迹象 〔crash〕To find temporary lodging or shelter, as for the night.暂时夜宿处：找到（如晚上）临时寄宿或避难的地方〔every〕Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in formbut felt to be plural in sense.The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced byevery, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has (not have ) been tested. Anyone is (not are ) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced byevery, grammar and sense pull in different directions.The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but people persist in using the plural pronoun,as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups,it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. ·The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, however.The first is grammatical.When a pronoun refers to a phrase containingevery or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular.Thus it is simply not English to sayEvery man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can one sayNo one could be seen, could he? Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must find another way of expressing their meaning,either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as inEvery man left, taking his raincoat with him ) or by substituting another word forevery or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. ) · The second complication is political.When a phrase introduced byevery or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun?This matter is discussed in the Usage Note athe. See Usage Note at all ,any ,each ,either ,he 1neither ,none Every 是一大类英语单词和短语的代表， 它们在形式上是单数的，但在意义上感觉起来却是复数。例如，这一类词中所包括的由every，any 和某些用法中的 some 所引导的名词短语。 这些短语毫无例外的跟单数动词，我们说每辆车都已 （不是 have ） 被测试过。 每个人都（不是 are ） 会生病 。 但是当一个句子中包括一个由先行词every 引导的代词时， 从句法和意义上就要区分不同的情况了。象每一辆车必须测试它的制动器 这样的表达法在语法上要求使用一单数代词， 但人们总习惯于用复数代词，象Every car must have their brakes tested 这样。 虽然后面这种形式在各种团体的讲话中非常普遍，但它在写作中仍广泛地被认为是语法上的错误。无论如何，坚持语法规则的努力总会导致各种各样的复杂问题。首先是语法上的复杂性。当一个代词指代一个短语，而这个短语中包括every 或 any 属于另一个与此代词所在子句不同的独立子句中时， 这个代词不能用单数形式。因此很容易理解英国人为何不说每个人离开时，都拿着各自的雨衣 ， 也不说没有人会被看到，不是吗？ 。 不愿意在这些例子中用复数形式的书写者必须找到另外一种表达他们意思的方法，或者可以通过重新改变句子的说法以使代词与其指代的短语同属一个从句中（如Every man left， taking his raincoat with him ）， 或者通过以另一个词代替every 或 any 的方法（如 All the man left；they took their raincoats with them ）。 第二是政治上的复杂性。当一个被every 或 any 引导的短语指代的一个团体中既有男人又有女人时， 单数代词的词性怎么确定呢？这个问题在单词he的用法说明中将被讨论 参见 all,any,each,either,he1neither,none〔complexion〕findings that will alter the complexion of the problem.找到改变问题表象的方法〔retriever〕One that retrieves, especially any one of several breeds of dog that were developed and trained to retrieve game.叼回猎物的猎犬：找到并带回猎物的狗，尤指几种经过培养和训练、用于寻回猎物的狗之一〔level〕I finally found my own level in the business world.我终于在生意场上找到了自己的位置〔mediate〕To intervene between two or more disputants in order to bring about an agreement, a settlement, or a compromise.调解：斡旋于冲突双方或多方之间以使它们达成协议、找到解决办法或妥协〔senile〕In earlier writings one finds phrases such as "asenile maturity of judgment" and "green and vigorous senility, ” demonstrating that these two words have not always been burdened with their current negative connotations. Senile and senility are examples of pejoration, the process by which a word's meaning changes for the worse over time.Even thoughsenile (first recorded in 1661) and senility (first recorded in 1778) initially had neutral senses such as "pertaining to old age,” it is probable that the weakness (in particular the mental weakness) that sometimes accompanies old age eventually caused negative senses to predominate.Certainly some pejorative associations were present in Latinsenīlis, "relating to an old man, aged,” the ultimate source of both words, and in related Latin words such assenēscere, which could mean "to deteriorate with age.” But it seems that pejorative associations have taken over these words in English through general usage,perhaps because average life expectancy has risen steadily over the years.在较早的文学作品中人们可以找到形如“判断力Senile（老练） 成熟”和“精力旺盛的有魄力的 Senility（老态龙钟） ”的短语，表明这两个词一直没有表示他们流行的消极的含义。 Senile 和 senility 是词义转贬的范例， 即一个词的意思随时间变化变得越来越坏。尽管senile （首次记载于1661年）和 senility （首次记载于1778年）最初具有中性的意义，例如“关于老年的”， 可能是伴随老年出现的衰弱（特别是智力衰弱）最终导致了反面的意思居支配地位。当然有一些词义转贬的联系表现在拉丁文中的senilis （“关于老人的，老年的”），是这两个词的最早的词源， 和与之相关的拉丁词如senecer ，意为“随年纪恶化”。 但是看起来在英语中通过广泛的使用词义转贬的联系已经取代了这些词，可能是由于平均估计寿命随时代发展稳步上升〔canter〕Most of those who have majored in English literature,and many more besides,know that Chaucer'sCanterbury Tales were told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury to visit the shrine of England's famous martyr Thomas à Becket.Many pilgrims other than Chaucer's visited Canterbury on horse,and phrases such asCanterbury gallop, Canterbury pace, and Canterbury trot described the easy gait at which they rode to their destination. The first recorded instance of one of these phrases,Canterbury pace, is found in a work published before 1636. However, in a work written in 1631 we find a shortened form,the nounCanterbury, meaning "a canter,” and later, in 1673,the verbCanterbury, meaning "to canter.” This verb, or perhaps the noun,was further shortened, giving us the verbcanter, first recorded in 1706,and the nouncanter, first recorded in 1755. 专业是英语文学史的绝大多数人，还有许多其他的人，都知道乔叟的 坎特伯雷故事集 是由一群朝圣者在坎特伯雷的路上讲述的， 他们去那里是为了瞻仰英格兰著名的殉道士托马斯· 贝科特的神殿。除了乔叟笔下的这些朝圣者外的许多其他朝圣者也骑着马前去。一些短语，例如Canterbury gallop，Canterbury pace 和 Canterbury trot 描述了这些朝圣者在骑往他们的目的地时的缓和步态。 这些短语最早见于记录的例子Canterbury pace 发现于1636年之前出版的一部著作中。 然而，在写于1631年的一部著作中我们找到了一个缩略的形式，名词Canterbuty， 意即“慢跑”； 后来在1673年，又有了动词Canterbury, 意为“慢跑。” 这一动词，或者也许是这个名词，后来又被进一步缩写成canter, 该动词最早被记录于1706年，而名词canter 则被最早记录于1755年 〔hire〕She hired on as a deck hand. He hired out as a photographer.她找到了一份普通水手的工作。他受雇作了摄影师 |
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