| 单词 | 抑郁 |
| 释义 | 〔antipsychotic〕Counteracting or diminishing the symptoms of psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, paranoia, and manic-depressive psychosis.抗精神病的：抵制或消除精神病症状的，如精神分裂症，偏执症和抑郁性精神错乱〔depressing〕Dismal; dreary:抑郁的；阴沉的：〔funk〕A state of severe depression.沮丧：抑郁的状态〔sanguine〕Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, "bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, "cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant "bloody,” "blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense "sanguine in temperament" as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, "blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系〔megrim〕"If these megrims are the effect of Love, thank Heaven, I never knew what it was"(Samuel Richardson)“如果这些抑郁不快是因爱而生，那么感谢上帝，我从来不知道什么是爱”(塞缪尔·理查森)〔damp〕Lowness of spirits; depression.情绪低沉；抑郁〔cyclothymia〕A mild affective disorder characterized by alternating periods of elation and depression.躁郁症：一种精神上的狂乱，其特点为愉快情绪与抑郁情绪交替出现〔megrim〕megrims Depression or unhappiness: megrims 抑郁，不高兴：〔dour〕the proverbially dour New England Puritan.See Synonyms at glum 一个抑郁的新英格兰清教徒 参见 glum〔moody〕Subject to periods of depression; sulky.一段时期内郁闷的；抑郁的〔melancholia〕Late Latin [melancholy] * see melancholy 后期拉丁语 [精神压抑、抑郁的心境或状态] * 参见 melancholy〔Elaine〕In Arthurian legend, a woman who died of unrequited love of Lancelot.伊莱恩：亚瑟王传奇中爱上兰斯洛特的女子，因失恋抑郁而死 |
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