| 单词 | 抛光 |
| 释义 | 〔unpolished〕unpolished shoes; unpolished gemstones.没有擦亮的皮鞋；没有抛光的宝石〔gem〕A pearl or mineral that has been cut and polished for use as an ornament.宝石，珍珠：珍珠或矿石，已被切割或抛光而作为装饰品〔speculum〕A mirror or polished metal plate used as a reflector in optical instruments.反射镜：光学仪器中用作反射镜的镜子或抛光的金属盘〔burnish〕To rub with a tool that serves especially to smooth or polish.磨光：用专用于摩擦或抛光的工具摩擦〔planer〕One that planes, especially a machine tool that is used to smooth or finish the surfaces of wood or metal.刨机，刨床：刨平东西的工具，尤其指用来磨平或抛光木材或金属表面的机床工具〔crocus〕A dark red powdered variety of iron oxide, Fe2O 3, used as an abrasive for polishing. 擦粉：一种深红色的氧化铁细粉，Fe2O 3，作为研磨剂用于抛光 〔plate〕To give a glossy finish to (paper) by pressing between metal sheets or rollers.电镀：通过金属板或滚筒之间的挤压给（纸）抛光〔finish〕To give (wood, for example) a desired or particular surface texture.抛光：给（例如木材）期望的或特殊的表面纹理〔dress〕To trim and finish the surface of:磨光：修理或抛光…的表面：〔sandpaper〕Heavy paper coated on one side with sand or other abrasive material and used for smoothing surfaces.砂纸：一种用于抛光和磨光的在其一表面涂有沙子或其他磨料的重纸〔burnish〕A smooth, glossy finish or appearance; luster.抛光面，光泽：一个光滑的有光泽的抛光木或表面；光泽〔whitesmith〕One who does finish work, such as polishing, on iron.抛光匠：作抛光工作的人，如给铁抛光的人〔sander〕A machine having a powered abrasive-covered disk or belt, used for smoothing or polishing surfaces:打磨机：带有制动的表面粗糙的圆盘或传带，用于磨平或抛光物体表面的机器：〔colcothar〕A brownish-red ferric oxide obtained as a residue after heating ferrous sulfate, used in glass polishing and as a pigment.褐红色铁氧化物：由硫酸亚铁加热后所得的褐红色的氧化铁，作玻璃抛光和颜料之用〔finished〕Highly accomplished or skilled; polished:技术高超或有高度才艺的；抛光的：〔Florentine〕Often florentine Having or characterizing a dull chased or rubbed finish. Used of gold. 常作 florentine 佛罗伦萨式金制品：带有或以钝的雕刻或磨擦抛光为特征的。用于金制品〔turquoise〕A blue to blue-green mineral of aluminum and copper, mainly CuAl6(PO 4) 4(OH) 8·4H 2O, prized as a gemstone in its polished blue form. 绿松石，土耳其玉：一种蓝色到蓝绿色的铝和铜的矿石，主要CuAl6(PO 4) 4(OH) 8·4H 2O，蓝色的抛光后作为一种宝石而有价值 〔chagrin〕The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, "a leather or skin with a rough surface,” derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense "rough leather" and the sense "sorrow" each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, "sorrow,” is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, "a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.” A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, "cats,” and Jammer, "distress, seediness,” are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, "cat,” and grigner, "to grimace.” The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramī, meaning "sorrow, trouble.”Chagrin is first recorded in English in 1656 in the now obsolete sense "anxiety, melancholy.”我们从法语直接借用的词chagrin 的最终词源被许多词源学家认为是不能确定的。 Charin 曾经被认为和由法语词 chagrin 派生出来的 shagreen “有粗糙表面的皮革或皮肤”是同一个词。 理由是，这种粗糙材料是用来打磨和抛光物品用的，法语里的这个词被引申到有了使人懊恼和烦恼的意思。但后来才确定，“粗糙的皮革”的含义和“沮丧”的含义分属于一个不同的法语词chagrin 。 别的词源学家提出了另外一种解释，说法语词chagrin “沮丧”是借译于日耳曼语词 Katzenjammer “醉后的难受感”。 借译是借用另一种语言，即外语词的成分，如Katzen “猫”，和 Jammer “沮丧，不舒服”， 并照那种语言的对应成分直译过来，在这种情况下为chat “猫”和 grigner “做怪相”。 实际的语源没有这么富于趣味，这个词极可能要追溯到日耳曼语词grami ， 意思为“愁苦，麻烦”。Chagrin 第一次出现在英语里有记载的时间是在1656年， 当时的含义“焦虑，忧郁”现已过时不用〔shine〕past tense and past participle shined To make glossy or bright by polishing.过去式和过去分词 shined 抛光：通过擦拭使…变得有光泽或光亮〔float〕A tool for smoothing the surface of plaster or cement.灰泥镘刀：一种用来抛光灰泥或水泥的工具〔buckskin〕A soft, grayish-yellow leather usually having a suede finish, once made from deerskins but now generally made from sheepskins.鹿皮：一种柔软的，黄灰色的革，常有一层麂皮抛光，以前多由鹿皮制成，但现在多由羊皮制成〔gemstone〕A precious or semiprecious stone that may be used as a jewel when cut and polished.半宝石：一种珍贵的或稍次一些的石头，经过琢磨或抛光后可当珠宝使用 |
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