| 单词 | 抱负 |
| 释义 | 〔fizzle〕In Philemon Holland's 1601 translation of Pliny'sNatural History, we are surprised by the use of the wordfizzle in the statement that if asses eat a certain plant,"they will fall a fizling and farting.” Fizzle was first used in English to mean,in the decorous parlance of theOxford English Dictionary, "to break wind without noise.” During the 19th centuryfizzle took on a related but more respectable sense, "to hiss, as does a piece of fireworks,”illustrated by a quotation from the November 7, 1881, issue of theLondon Daily News: "unambitious rockets which fizzle doggedly downwards.”In the same centuryfizzle also took on figurative senses, one of which seems to have been popular at Yale.TheYale Literary Magazine for 1849 helpfully defines the word as follows: “Fizzle, to rise with modest reluctance, to hesitate often, to decline finally; generally, to misunderstand the question.”The figurative sense offizzle that has caught on is the one with which we are most familiar today, "to fail or die out.”在腓利门荷兰1601年对普林尼的博物志 中， 我们对fizzle 一词的用法感到很惊讶， 它说如果驴吃了某种植物，“他们就会放屁。” Fizzle 首先在英语中指“无声地放屁，”是在牛津英语字典 的高雅用语中出现的。 在19世纪，fizzle 有了一个相关的但更文雅的含义， “发嘶嘶声，如同烟火那样，”这个词义是通过1881年11月7日的伦敦每日新闻 的引文说明的： “抱负不大的火箭，它们顽固地嘶嘶下坠。”同一世纪，fizzle 还赋与了比喻义， 其中的一个比喻义似乎在耶鲁大学很流行。1849年的耶鲁文学杂志 给这个词下了一个有益的定义： “Fizzle， 不十分情愿地上升，常犹豫不决，最终放弃； 通常是弄错问题。”人们已接受的fizzle 的比喻义， 即今天我们最为熟悉的“失败或消失”〔blight〕Something that impairs growth, withers hopes and ambitions, or impedes progress and prosperity.挫折因素，扼杀：影响生长、失去希望和抱负或妨碍进步和繁荣的因素〔rise〕"Well is it known that ambition can creep as well as soar" (Edmund Burke).Totower is to attain a height or prominence exceeding that of anything in the surroundings: “世人皆知，抱负既能飞腾也能爬行” （爱德蒙·伯克）。Tower 表示获得超出周围任何物体的高度或声望： 〔ambition〕The object or goal desired:抱负，雄心：想实现的目的或目标：〔trajectory〕"a moral trajectory, a style of aspiration"(Lance Morrow)“一条道德的道路，一种抱负的时尚”(兰斯·莫罗)〔ambition〕Her ambition is the presidency.她的抱负是成为一名总统〔agon〕"Freud's originality stemmed from his aggression and ambition in his agon with biology"(Harold Bloom)“弗洛伊德的独创性来源于他对生物学挑战的信心和抱负”(哈罗德·布卢姆)〔dream〕To have a deep aspiration:梦想：有远大的抱负：〔rival〕"His ambition led him to rival the career of Edmund Burke" (Henry Adams).Tocompete is to contend with another or others to attain a goal, as gaining an advantage, victory in a contest, or a prize: “他的抱负致使他超越了爱德蒙·伯克的事业” （亨利·亚当斯）。Compete 指为了达到某一目标，如为取得优势、在竞赛中取得胜利或获奖，而与另一个人或其他人竞争： 〔lodestar〕A guiding principle, interest, or ambition.指导原则：起引导作用的原则、兴趣或抱负〔highflier〕One who is extravagant or extreme in manner or opinions.抱负极高或表现极端的人〔mecca〕A goal to which adherents of a religious faith or practice fervently aspire.向往的目标：具有强烈、执著的宗教信仰的目标和抱负 |
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