| 单词 | 拼写为 |
| 释义 | 〔naff〕In the dual tradition of looking to one's betters for models of how to use language and American obeisance to British usage,let us look at two British words spellednaff. One is an adjective,meaning "clichéd, unstylish" (first recorded in 1969),that may be derived from dialectal wordssuch asnaffhead, "simpleton,” or niffy-naffy, "stupid.” The othernaff is a verb, usually used in the imperative in combination withoff (first recorded in 1959). This is the delicate injunction that members of the royal family such as Princess Anne have used in requesting members of the press to beat it.The origin ofnaff is unknown, but it has been suggested thatnaff may be related to an older English slang term naf, meaning "the female sexual organ.” Naf has been derived from a backward spelling offan, from fanny. 在看待如何使用语言的模式和美语遵从于英语那个更好的两个传统上，让我们看两个拼写为naff 的美语单词。 一个是形容词，表示“过时的，老调的”（首次记录于1969年），可能源于方言单词，如naffhead “傻子”或 niffy-naffy “愚蠢的”。 另一个naff 是动词， 通常用于命令语气与off 连用（首次记录于1959年）。 这是王室家族成员如安娜公主在要求报刊成员禁用时所使用的微妙禁令。Naff 不知源自何处， 但它表明naff 有与旧英语俚语 naf 相关的迹象表示“女性生殖器官”。 Naf 源于从fanny 而来的逆序拼写形式 fan 〔backward〕The adverb may be spelledbackward or backwards, and the forms are interchangeable: 这个副词可以被拼写为backward 或者 backwards， 两种词形是可以互换的： 〔czar〕The wordczar can also be spelled tsar. Czar is the most common form in American usageand virtually the only one employed in the extended senses "any tyrant" or informally, "one in authority.”Buttsar is preferred by most scholars of Slavic studies as a more accurate transliteration of the Russian and is often found in scholarly writing with reference to one of the Russian emperors.单词czar 也能拼写为 tsar。 Czar 是最普遍的美国用法，并且实际上是唯一引申为“任何独裁者”或者非正式指“当权者”的词语。但是tsar 是大多数斯拉夫语研究学者更多地用作俄语的更加正确的翻译， 并且经常在学术文章中指其中的一位沙皇〔flamenco〕The origin of the wordflamenco is to be sought variously in the realms of ornithology and northern Europe. Spanish contains two homographs spelledflamenco, one of which means "Flemish, Andalusian Gypsy,”and the other, "flamingo.” Flamenco in the former sense comes from the Middle Dutch wordVlāming, meaning "Fleming.” Flamenco, "flamingo,” comes ultimately from Latinflamma, "flame,” referring to the fiery red plumage of the bird.Is the dance named for its flamingolike fieriness or its Flemishness?It would seem that some kind of association between Gypsies and people of Flemish extraction explains the use offlamenco, "Fleming, Andalusian Gypsy,” as the name of a dance originally associated with the Andalusian Gypsies.The English wordflamenco, borrowed from Spanish, is first recorded in 1896.Flamenco 一词的词源可以在鸟类学和北欧的领域中大量找到。 西班牙语中有两个拼写为flamenco 的同形异义词， 其中的一个意义为“佛兰芒人，安达鲁西亚吉普赛人，”另一个意义为“红鹤”。 Flamenco 原有的意义来源于中古荷兰语Vlaming， 意思是“佛兰芒人。” Flamenco 作“红鹤”意思讲时，最初是来自拉丁语的flamma， 意为“火焰，” 指这种鸟火红的羽毛。这种舞的命名是由于它象红鹤般的猛烈呢，还是由于它与佛兰芒人有关?吉普赛人与佛兰芒血统的人之间的某种联系似乎解释了flamenco “佛兰芒人，安达鲁西亚吉普赛人”的这种用法， 即作为最初与安达鲁西亚吉普赛人有关的一种舞的名称。源于西班牙语借用而来的英语词flamenco， 最早记载于1896年 |
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