| 单词 | 指定 |
| 释义 | 〔questionable〕Not yet determined or specified.See Synonyms at doubtful 还未决定或指定的 参见 doubtful〔base〕The number raised to the logarithm of a designated number in order to produce that designated number.底：被升到指定数字的对数上的数量，是为了得到那被指定的数目〔strip〕 Divest usually specifies deprivation, as of rank or its symbols: Divest 通常表示指定地剥夺，如职位或其象征： 〔man〕Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant "a human being" regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to "a male human being" and "a female human being" respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for "a male human being,”whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for "a female human being.” The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of "person" or "people" when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 86 percent (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentence"The history of language is the history of mankind" (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 传统上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用来指任何人或整个人类， 不考虑性别。在古英语中，这就是man 这个字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性别；单词wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )则分别用以指“男人”和“女人”。 但在中古英语时man 取代了 wer 这个词， 也具有“男人”的意义了；而wyfman （这个字发展演变成了今天的 woman 这个字）作为“女人”这个意思被保留了下来。 这些变化的结果是，作为性别歧视者所批评的匀称排列。为此，许多作家相应地修订了他们部分的创作活动。但是这用法的准确含义取决于它的上下文以及man 的具体用途或它的衍生字。 当man 这个字被当作一个可数名词来用时，它有时似乎具有“一个人”或“人们”的意思， 如在被他所在的那个公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以来，人们都期盼着解开原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短语中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 这里，一般的理解源于间接地推理：如果一个男人是被他所在的公司了解的话，其言下之意是，一个女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是这个原因，使得man 当此一般理解之义用时，其谓语随着个人性别的改变而变化是不可能的。 所以，说人是唯一能在任何时候思考的动物 是不适当的， 因为这句话字面之义是指男人的思考能力。这种用法是假定男人可以作为人类的代表。几乎毫无例外的是，词person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 来取代，且后两字意思更清楚。 相反，当man 以单数不带冠词出现用以指人类时，它更是指一类、一属， 如在象句子只有人才有语言能力 或象短语 人类对人类的不人道 中。 但man 若以这种形式出现，其意思也会模糊不清， 因为其可只指人类中的男性成员。在大多数的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 这样的字也传达了 man 这种用法的一般意义。 总的说来，在用法专题使用小组成员中接受man 这种一般用法的女性比男性明显少得多。 下面这句话如果说古代人受信息不足之苦的话，那么现代人则是受信息过量之虐待了 在小组中有81的成员可接受 （其中女性成员中的接受率为58，男性中则为92)。专题小组会还接受作为一般意义的man 构成的复合词。 长城是太空中的唯一可见的人造物 这句话有86的成员接受 （其中女性成员的接受率为76，而男性中为91)。“语言史就是一部人类史” （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里诺和乔治·莱曼·基特里奇）这句话的接受率为76（基中在女性成员中有63接受，而男性中为82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，这种复合词仍然被接受。因此小组中的66（其中女性委员的57，男性的71)接受了manpower 这个词在下句的用法： 那些不允许女人加入生产力大军的国家和那些允许女人加入生产力大军的国家相比，在处理剩余劳动力这一点上明显处于竞争的劣势 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相关问题产生了， 在构成职业或社会角色类别的名称，如商人、主席、发言人、外行 和 渔夫 ， 以及将这个字用于类似的构词法中，如违反运动精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人谴责这种类别的用法；然而，当它们抽象地指某种角色或阶层时，这些词仍能得到用法专题使用小组大多数人的接受；但当它们用由于指女性时，这些词就被拒绝了。因此在句子主席由职工委员会指定 中 主席 的这种一般用法就得到了67小组成员的接受（其中在女性成员中为52，而男性中为76)。 但是，在句子艾米莉·欧文，市长任务小组的主席，发表了一个声明，向市长保证将考虑他们的观点 中这个字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成员接受（其中在女性成员中的接受率为43，而男性中为50)。 对于如何替换用man 构成的类别复合词，几种构思被提了出来。 与之相对的复合词如女商人、女发言人 和 女主席 越来越多地被用来指女性。 另外，用person 构成的中性词也创造了出来， 如商人、发言人 和 主席 。 对于用man 结尾的职业名称， 美国政府劳工部和其它政府机构已建立起了新的官方运用标准。在官方行文，现在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多数的小组成员反对将动词man 用于指那些女性从事的活动。 句子登记处将配备女性选民联盟的成员 在用法专题使用小组中的反对率是56（其中在女性成员中的反对率是61，而男性中为54) 参见 -ess,people〔flyby〕A flight passing close to a specified target or position, especially a maneuver in which a spacecraft or satellite passes sufficiently close to a body to make detailed observations without orbiting or landing.飞越：一架飞机靠近或飞越某指定地点或目标，尤指为获得对某一天体的详细观察而在不进入轨道或着陆的情况下操纵飞行器或卫星以足够近的距离飞过〔prescribe〕To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin.See Synonyms at dictate 指定，规定：作为规则或指示确定下来；责令 参见 dictate〔Becket〕English Roman Catholic martyr. Chancellor to Henry II after 1154, he was appointed archbishop of Canterbury (1162) and fell into disfavor with the king. Charged with misappropriating crown funds (1164), Becket fled the country. Upon his return (1170) he was embroiled in the controversy surrounding Henry's appointment of his son as archbishop of York and was murdered by four knights in Canterbury Cathedral. He was canonized in 1173.贝克特，托马斯：(1118?-1170) 英国的罗马天主教殉教者。1154年后任亨利二世的主教管区秘书室教士，他被指派为坎特伯雷大主教（1162年）并失宠于国王。由于侵占国王基金被起诉（1164年），贝克特逃离这个国家。他刚一回来（1170年）就被卷入亨利指定他的儿子为约克大主教的争论中，并在坎特伯雷大教堂里被四个爵士谋杀。1173年他被认可为圣徒〔world〕A part of the earth and its inhabitants as known at a given period in history:世界：处于某一指定的历史时期的地球上的一部分及其居民：〔still〕Up to or at the time indicated; yet:仍旧：到了指定的时间；仍然：〔slot〕An assigned place in a sequence or schedule:时段，位置：次序或时刻表上一个指定的地方：〔specialize〕To specify the payee in endorsing (a check).载明：在背书支票时指定收款人〔birthrate〕The ratio of total live births to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time. The birthrate is often expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year. Also called natality 出生率：某一特定集团或区域在指定时间段内总出生人口与总人口的比率。出生率常以每年每1000人口中的出生人数来表示 也作 natality〔bill〕A statement or list of particulars, such as a theater program or menu.戏院广告单，菜单：某指定物的清单、目录，如剧目单或菜单〔nominal〕Assigned to or bearing a person's name:提名的，记名的：指定或带有一个人的名字的：〔goldbrick〕A person, especially a soldier, who avoids assigned duties or work; a shirker.逃避勤务的士兵：逃避指定任务或工作的人，尤其是士兵；开小差的人〔ritual〕The prescribed order of a religious ceremony.仪式程序：宗教仪式的指定秩序〔saleswoman〕A woman who is employed to sell merchandise in a store or in a designated territory.女售货员：受雇在一个商店或指定地区销售货物的女子〔play〕To present a theatrical performance in (a given place):（在某地）演出：在（指定的场所）进行戏剧表演：〔appoint〕To fix or set by authority or by mutual agreement:约定，指定：用权力或共同约定来决定或安排：〔critique〕A critical discussion of a specified topic.批评，评语：对一指定主题的批判性讨论〔designation〕The act of designating; a marking or pointing out.指定，指明：指有；标明，指出〔reach〕couldn't compass the assigned task. See also Synonyms at range 无法完成指定的任务 参见同义词 range〔wrong〕Designating the side, as of a garment, that is less finished and not intended to show:反面的：完成得不太好并且不准备展示的指定面，如一件外套的反面：〔intron〕A segment of a gene situated between axons that does not function in coding for protein synthesis.基因内区：位于对蛋白质合成指定的遗传密码不起作用的神经轴突之间的基因体节〔classify〕To designate (a document, for example) as confidential, secret, or top secret.归入机密级别：指定（如文件）为机密、秘密或绝密的〔codon〕A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides constituting the genetic code that specifies the insertion of an amino acid in a specific structural position in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.密码子：组成基因密码的三个相邻核苷酸的顺序，在蛋白质合成时它指定在多肽规定结构位置引入氨基酸〔constitute〕To appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task; designate.指派：指定…担任职位、官阶、委派…执行职责或任务；指派〔cabstand〕A place designated for taxicabs waiting for hire.出租汽车停车场：指定为出租汽车侯租的地方〔box〕Any of various designated areas for other team members, such as the pitcher, catcher, and coaches.其他球手区：其他球队成员，如投球手、接球手和教练的各种指定地点〔score〕The total number of points made by each competitor or side in a contest, either final or at a given stage:得分：每个竞赛者或比赛一方决赛或指定的赛程所得的总分：〔prescriptive〕Making or giving injunctions, directions, laws, or rules.规定的，指定的：做出或给予命令，指示，法律或规定的〔predicable〕That can be stated or predicated:指定的，可断定的：可以被指定或断定的：〔name〕By the authority of:由…的权力机构指定：〔tap〕To select, as for membership in an organization; designate.See Synonyms at appoint 选择，筛选：挑选，如为使之成为一个组织的成员；指定 参见 appoint〔standard〕An object that under specified conditions defines, represents, or records the magnitude of a unit.度量衡标准：在特定条件下，指定、代表或者记录一个单位大小的物体〔molal〕Of or designating a solution that contains one mole of solute in 1,000 grams of solvent.摩尔的：属于或指定一种包含在1,000克溶剂中的一摩尔溶质的一种溶液的〔region〕An area of the body having natural or arbitrarily assigned boundaries:部位：有天然的或指定的分界线的身体的一部分：〔appoint〕will appoint a date for the examination.将指定考试日期〔yonder〕One that is at an indicated place, usually within sight.那边的东西：在指定的地方的人或物，通常在视线内〔allocate〕designated a location for the new hospital;指定地点建新医院； |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。