| 单词 | 指明 |
| 释义 | 〔guide〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to conduct on or direct to the way": 这些动词所共有的中心含义是“引导或指明道路”： 〔shake〕To point out, designate, or name:指出，指明，命名：〔blackout〕The sudden extinguishment of all stage lights in a theater to indicate the passage of time or to mark the end of an act or a scene.舞台上的突然熄灯：为表示时日的变化或指明一幕或一场的终结而将所有舞台灯光突然熄灭〔hallmark〕To stamp (gold and silver articles) with a mark indicating purity.标纯度：给（金、银制品上）标上指明纯度的标记〔strike〕To indicate by a percussive or chiming sound:敲响报（时）：通过敲击或敲出的声音指明：〔provoke〕 Provoke, the least explicit with respect to means,frequently does little more than state the consequences produced: Provoke 在方式上最不明确，通常仅仅指明所产生的后果： 〔pagination〕The arrangement and number of pages in a book, as noted in a catalog or bibliography.页码：一本书书页的安排和页数，如在目录或在书目提要中指明的那样〔genitive〕Of, relating to, or designating a case that expresses possession, measurement, or source.所有格的：表示所属、尺寸度或本源的格的，与之有关的或指明此种格的〔order〕An indicated number of successive differentiations to be performed.位数：被连续进行微分的指明的次数〔indicate〕To show the way to or the direction of; point out:指示，指明：表明道路或方向；指出：〔peg〕To designate or mark by means of a peg or pegs.以木栓标出：以一个或几个桩的方式指明或标出〔palladous〕Of or designating compounds that contain palladium, especially with valence 2.二价钯的：含有或指明包含钯（尤指原子价为2）的化合物的〔infinite〕Infinite is sometimes grouped with absolute terms such asunique, absolute, and omnipotent, since in its strict mathematical sense it allows no degree modification or comparison;one quantity cannot be more infinite than another (though technically one infinite set can be larger than another).Unlike other absolute terms, however,infinite also does not permit modification by adverbs such as nearly and almost; mathematically, infinity is not approached by degrees.In nontechnical usage, of course,infinite is often used metaphorically to refer simply to an unimaginably large degree or amount, and here the comparison of the word is unexceptionable: Infinite 有时被一些表示绝对意义的词修饰， 如unique ， absolute 和 omnipotent ， 由于在其严格的数学意义上它不允许表示程度的修饰或比较，一个数不可能比另一个数“更加无穷大”（虽然以技术上讲一个无穷集可以比另一个集更大）。但是，与其它表示绝对意义的词不同，infinite 也不能用 nearly 和 almost 这一类副词来修饰； 以数学上讲，无穷大是不能逐步接近的。当然，在非技术性的用法中，infinite 常常隐喻地仅指明一个难以想象的大程度或数量， 在这种用法下，仍然不能使用比较： 〔classifier〕A word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts, such as counting, that indicates the semantic class to which an item belongs. For example,hon is used in Japanese in counting long, slender objects such as sticks or pencils. 量词：在特定的上下文中用于某些语言的词汇或词素，如在计数时，指明一个物品所属的语义类别。例如，hon 在日语中用来计数细长物体（如木棍或铅笔） 〔that〕The standard rule isthatthat should be used only to introduce a restrictive (or "defining") relative clause, which serves to identify the entity being talked about;in this useit should never be preceded by a comma.Thus, we sayThe house that Jack built has been torn down, where the clausethat Jack built tells which house was torn down, orI am looking for a book that is easy to read, wherethat is easy to read tells what kind of book is desired. Onlywhich is to be used with nonrestrictive (or "nondefining") clauses, which give additional information about an entity that has already been identified in the context;in this use,which is always preceded by a comma. Thus, we sayThe students in Chemistry 10 have been complaining about the textbook, which (not that ) is hard to follow. The clausewhich is hard to follow does not indicate which text is being complained about; even if it were omitted,we would know that the phrasethe textbook refers to the text in Chemistry 10. The use ofthat in nonrestrictive clauses like this, though once common in writing and still frequent in speech,is best avoided in formal style. ·Some grammarians have argued that symmetry requires thatwhich should be used only in nonrestrictive clauses, asthat is to be used only in restrictive clauses. Thus, they suggest that we should avoid sentences such asI need a book which will tell me all about city gardening, where the clausewhich will tell me all about city gardening indicates which sort of book is needed. Such use ofwhich is useful where two or more relative clauses are joined by and or or, as inIt is a philosophy in which the common man may find solace and which many have found reason to praise. Which is also preferred to introduce a restrictive relative clausewhen the preceding phrase itself contains athat, as inI can only give you that which I don't need (not that that I don't need ) or We want to assign only that book which will be most helpful (preferred tothat book that will be most helpful ). · That may be omitted in a relative clause when the subject of the clause is different from the referent of the phrase preceding the clause. Thus, we may say eitherthe book that I was reading or the book I was reading, where the subject of the clause (I ) is not the referent of the phrase the book. Omission ofthat in these cases has sometimes been described as incorrect, but the practice is extremely common and has ample precedent in reputable writing. ·There have also been occasional objections to the omission ofthat in its use to introduce a subordinate clause, as inI think we should try again. But this usage is entirely idiomatic and is in fact favored with some of the verb phrases that can introduce such clauses:thus, one would more normally write 标准规则中，that 应只被用于引导限定性（或“确定的”）关系从句， 这些从句用于明确正被谈论的实体；在这种情况下，前面决不能有逗号。因此，我们说杰克建的房子已经拆毁了 ， 在这里，从句杰克所建的 指明哪幢房子被拆毁了， 或者我正在找一本易读的书 ， 在这里，易读的 指明哪类书是需要的。 只有which 用于非限定性（或“不确定的”）从句中， 为已经在上下文中定义的实体提供附加信息；在此用法中，which 之前总有逗号。 因此，我们说化学10班的学生一直在抱怨这课本，实在 （不是 that ) 是太难懂了 。 从句which is hard to follow 并不指明哪一课本被抱怨； 即使它被省略，我们也知道the textbook 指化学10班的课本。 That 象这样用于非限定性从句中， 虽然在写作中曾很普遍而且在口语中依然频繁出现，但在正式文体中最好避免使用。一些语法学家认为对称性要求which 应只用于非限定性从句中， 就象that 只用于限定性从句中。 因此，他们建议我们应该避免诸如我需要一本关于城市园艺的书 这样的句子， 这里从句which will tell me all about city gardening 指明需要何种书。 当两个或多个关系从句被and 或 or 连接时， which 的这种用法很有用， 如是哲学使普通人找到慰藉并使许多人有理由去称颂。 Which 也用作引导限定性关系从句，在当前置短语中含有that 时， 如我只能给你我不需要的东西 （不是 that that I don't need )或 我们只想分发那本最用的书 （好于that book that will be most helpful )。 当从句主语与从句前短语所指不一致时，that 在关系从句中可以省略。 因此，我们可以说the book that I was reading 或者 the book I was reading 。 在这里，从句主语(I )和短语 the book 的主语不同。 在这些情况下，that 的省略有时被认为是错误的， 但是这在实际中极普遍而且在规范写作中有充分的先例。对于that 用于引导从句时被省略偶然持有异议， 如在我认为我们应该再试一次 中。 但这种用法完全符合语法而且实际上有一些引导这样从句的短语支持；因此，可以正常应用 〔whither〕To which specified place or position:往何处，向哪里：去某个明确指明的地点或位置：〔impound〕a governor who impounded monies designated for the use of cities and towns.把指明用于城镇建设的钱冻结起来的地方官〔exponential〕Expressed in terms of a designated power ofe, the base of natural logarithms. 幂的：表示以e 为底的自然对数的被指明的幂的 〔hallmark〕A mark indicating quality or excellence.纯正标记：一种指明质量或品质的标记〔premise〕Why do we call a single buildingthe premises ? To answer this question,we must go back to the Middle Ages.But first, let it be noted thatpremises comes from the past participle praemissa, which is both a feminine singular and a neuter plural form of the Latin verbpraemittere, "to send in advance, utter by way of preface, place in front, prefix.” In Medieval Latin the feminine formpraemissa was used as a term in logic, for which we still use the termpremise descended from the Medieval Latin word (first recorded in a work composed before 1380).Medieval Latinpraemissa in the plural meant "things mentioned before" and was used in legal documents, almost always in the plural,a use that was followed in Old French and Middle English, both of which borrowed the word from Latin.A more specific legal sense in Middle English,"that property, collectively, which is specified in the beginning of a legal document and which is conveyed, as by grant,”was also always in the plural in Middle English and later Modern English.And so it remained when this sense was extended to mean "a house or building with its grounds or appurtenances,”a usage first recorded before 1730.为什么我们把单独的一幢建筑称为the premises ？ 为了回答这个问题，我们必须回到中世纪。但首先必须注意的是premises 是从过去式 praemissa 而来的， 这是意思为“预先发送,以前言的方式说出，放在前边，前缀”的拉丁动词praemittere 的阴性单数形式及中性复数形式。 在中世纪拉丁语中，praemissa 作为阴性形式被用作逻辑状语， 因此我们仍然使用这个来源于中世纪拉丁语的术语premise （第一次记载于1380年前编纂的作品中）。中世纪拉丁语praemissa 的复数形式意为“前面提到的事物”， 用于法律文件并总是以复数形式出现，古法语和中古英语中都从拉丁语中借用了这个词及其用法。中古英语中有一种更特殊的法律方面的意义，“法律文件开头指明并根据转让的财产，如通过赠送”,在中世纪英语和后来的现代英语中也是以复数形式使用。因此当它的意思被扩展为“连同其土地及设施一所房子或一幢建筑”时仍保留这一用法，该用法最初记载于1730年前。〔venue〕The clause in an affidavit naming the place where it was sworn to.宣誓地条款：宣誓书中指明宣誓作证地点的条款〔direct〕directed us to the airport.给我们指明机场方向〔diagram〕To indicate or represent by or as if by a diagram.用图解法表示：采用或近似采用表示来指明〔specification〕A single item or article that has been specified.指明的事项：已经指明的事项或条款〔Holocene〕Of, belonging to, or designating the geologic time, rock series, or sedimentary deposits of the more recent of the two epochs of the Quaternary Period, extending from the end of the Pleistocene Epoch to the present. See table at geologic time 全新世的：属于、归于或指明在地质年表上第四纪后两世从更新世结束一直到现在岩石时期的泥沙时期 参见 geologic time〔palladic〕Of or designating compounds that contain palladium, especially with valence 4.钯的，四价钯的：含有或指明含有钯的化合物的，尤指带有4价的〔such〕Of a kind specified or implied:如，像：指明的或暗示的一个种类的：〔design〕from Latin dēsignāre [to designate] * see designate 源自 拉丁语 dēsignāre [指明，指出] * 参见 designate〔to〕Used to indicate the relationship of a verb with its complement:用于指明动词和它的补语之间的关系：〔finger〕To designate, especially as an intended victim.选定：指明，尤指作为预定的受害者〔the〕Used before a present participle, signifying the action in the abstract:用于现在分词前，指明抽象动作：〔such〕Someone or something implied or indicated:这，那：指明或暗示的某人或某物：〔specify〕To state explicitly or in detail:明确说明或详明指明：〔predate〕To mark or designate with a date earlier than the actual one:倒填…的日期：注明或指明一个早于实际日期的日期：〔sucker〕An unspecified thing. Used as a generalized term of reference, often as an intensive:不特定之物：未指明的事物用来作为一种概括的引证，通常用来强调或加强语气：〔sic〕Thus; so. Used in written texts to indicate that a surprising or paradoxical word, phrase, or fact is not a mistake and is to be read as it stands.原文如此：这样；如此在书面文本中用来指明一个令人奇怪或反论的词、词组或事实，其并非是错误的，而要被理解为它所代表的意义〔option〕The right of the holder of an insurance policy to specify the manner in which payments are to be made or credited to the policyholder.被保险人对赔款方式的选择权：保险单持有者指明以何种方式向其履行或支付赔款的权利〔theirs〕Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to them:他们的：用于指明属于他们的物品的：〔denote〕To mark; indicate:作标志；指明：〔one〕An unspecified individual; anyone:未指明的人；任何一个人： |
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