| 单词 | 挑战 |
| 释义 | 〔impregnable〕Difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute with success:无懈可击的：不能或很难攻击、挑战或驳倒的：〔belligerent〕A retired litigator misses the challenge to her pugnacious intellect.一位退休的诉讼人怀念对其好斗才智的挑战。〔herald〕An official who formerly made proclamations and conveyed challenges at a tournament.传令员：从前在比赛中发布公告并传达挑战的官员〔tackle〕To take on and wrestle with (an opponent or a problem, for example).着手处理：接受（比如一名对手或一个问题）的挑战并与之拼搏〔take〕To accept (an option, a bet, or a challenge) as offered.接受所提供的（一种选择、一笔赌注或一个挑战）〔call〕To challenge another with a display of strength or confidence.接受挑战：接受他人挑战以示力量与自信〔contest〕To call into question and take an active stand against; dispute or challenge:辩驳：对…提出质疑并积极反对；辩驳或向…挑战：〔support〕"the policy of Cromwell, who supported the growing power of France against the declining power of Spain" (William E.H. Lecky).Touphold is to maintain or affirm in the face of a challenge or strong opposition: “支持正在强大起来的法国反对正在哀弱下去的西班牙的克伦威尔政策” （威廉·E·H·莱基）。Uphold 指在面临挑战和强烈对抗时的镇定和坚定： 〔powder〕To be ready for a challenge with little warning.准备万一：准备接受事先没有什么警告的挑战〔dare〕The auxiliary forms are used primarily in present tense questions, negations, imperatives, and conditional clauses.These forms differ subtly in meaning from the main verb formsin that they emphasize the attitude or involvement of the speakerwhile the main verb forms present a more objective situation.ThusHow dare she take the exam without ever once coming to class? expresses indignation at the student's action, whereasHow did she dare to take the exam without ever once coming to class? is a genuine request for information. Whendare is used as a transitive verb meaning "challenge,” only main verb forms are possible andto is required: 助动词形式主要用于一般现在时疑问句、否定句、祈使句和条件从句中。这些形式和实义动词形式的意思有细微的差别，即他们强调说话者的态度和参与，而实义动词形式给出一个较客观的形势。因此她怎么敢从未上过课就参加考试呢? 表示对该学生行为的愤怒， 然而她从未上过课怎么敢参加考试呢? 是一真实的信息需求， 当dare 用作及物动词意指“挑战”时， 只能是实义动词形式而且要接to ： 〔dare〕To confront or oppose boldly; defy.See Synonyms at defy 向…挑战：勇敢地面对或反对；公然反抗 参见 defy〔challenge〕A call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:挑战：提出挑战、竞赛或竞争：〔gage〕Something, such as a glove, that is offered or thrown down as a pledge or challenge to fight.象征挑战而扔下的手套：如手套等作为挑战而主张送出或扔在地上的物品〔Arachne〕A maiden who was transformed into a spider by Athena for challenging her to a weaving contest.阿拉克尼：因向雅典娜挑战，进行纺织比赛而被她变成蜘蜘的少女〔brave〕"Together they would brave Satan and all his legions"(Emily Brontë)“联合起来，他们就敢于挑战撒旦及其所有军团”(艾米利·勃朗特)〔rival〕 Vie, often interchangeable with compete, sometimes stresses the challenge implicit in rivalry: Vie 常能与Compete 互换， 但有时强调隐含在竞争行为中的挑战： 〔take〕a wrestler who took on all comers.一个接受所有新手挑战的摔跤运动员〔questionable〕Open to doubt or challenge; problematic.可疑的：易于受到怀疑或挑战的；有疑问的〔unopposed〕Not challenged by another:未遇对手的：未被另一人挑战的：〔gauntlet〕throw down the gauntlet; take up the gauntlet.拒绝挑战；胆敢应战〔agon〕"Freud's originality stemmed from his aggression and ambition in his agon with biology"(Harold Bloom)“弗洛伊德的独创性来源于他对生物学挑战的信心和抱负”(哈罗德·布卢姆)〔formidable〕a formidable challenge; a formidable opponent.难以应付的挑战；难以对付的对手〔Ryle〕British philosopher who regarded the linguistic misrepresentation of mental concepts as the root of philosophical problems and challenged Cartesian dualism inThe Concept of Mind (1949). 赖尔，吉尔伯特：(1900-1976) 英国哲学家，认为用语言错误地表达精神上的概念是哲学问题的根源，他在《精神概念》 （1949年）一书中对笛卡尔的二元论提出了挑战 〔defy〕bearded the power of the king;向国王的权威挑战；〔challenge〕To call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:挑战：提出挑战、竞赛或竞争：〔challenger〕a challenger of established authority.向确定的权威挑战的人〔stay〕To hold out or persevere to the end of a race or challenge.坚持到比赛或挑战的最后〔mettle〕Prepared to accept a challenge and do one's best.奋发：准备接受挑战并尽最大努力〔brave〕Mettlesome stresses spirit and love of challenge: Mettlesome 着重表示挑战精神和热爱挑战： 〔criticality〕"The challenge of our future food supply is approaching criticality"(New York Times)“我们未来食物供应的挑战已接近临界状态”(纽约时报)〔Jacobs〕American writer whose works, includingThe Death and Life of Cities (1961) and The Economy of Cities (1969), challenge traditional theories and methods of urban planning. 雅各布斯，简：(生于 1916) 美国作家，他的作品《城市的死与生》 （1961年）和 《城市经济》 （1969年），向传统的城市规划理论提出了挑战 〔provocation〕from Latin prōvocātiō prōvocātiōn- [a challenging] 源自 拉丁语 prōvocātiō prōvocātiōn- [一个挑战] 〔Lobachevski〕Russian mathematician who developed (1826) hyperbolic geometry, a system that challenged Euclidean theory.罗巴车夫斯基，尼科莱·伊万诺维奇：(1792-1856) 俄国数学家，发展了（1826年）双曲线几何，这一体系是对欧几里得几何的挑战〔beard〕To confront boldly.See Synonyms at defy 公然反对，向…挑战 参见 defy〔finger〕An obscene gesture of defiance or derision made by pointing or jabbing the middle finger upward. Often used withthe. 挑战和嘲弄的手势：一种违抗或嘲笑的淫秽的手势，将中指朝上指或戳，通常与the 连用 〔vibrant〕"a vibrant group that challenged the . . . system"(Philip Taubman)“挑战…该系统的生气蓬勃的团体”(菲利普·陶布曼)〔provoke〕from Latin prōvocāre [to challenge] 源自 拉丁语 prōvocāre [挑战] 〔dictatorial〕Dogmatic suggests the imposing of one's will or opinion as though these were beyond challenge: Dogmatic 暗示强加某人的意愿或意见，好象这些意志和意见越出挑战范围： 〔rise〕To uplift oneself to meet a demand or challenge:激流勇进：振奋精神以迎接要求或挑战：〔impinge〕"One of a democratic government's continuing challenges is finding a way to protect . . . secrets without impinging the liberties that democracy exists to protect"(Christian Science Monitor)“民主政府的不断挑战是要找到一条途径，以在不侵害受民主保护的自由的情况下保护…机密”(基督教科学箴言报) |
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