| 单词 | 探险家 |
| 释义 | 〔Gilbert〕English navigator who urged exploration for the Northwest Passage, established in Newfoundland (1583) the first English colony in North America, and was lost at sea during a homeward voyage.吉尔伯特，汉弗莱：(1539?-1583) 英国航海探险家，他促进了西北航线的探险，在纽芬兰（1583年）建立了英国在北美的第一个殖民地，一次返程航行时他在海上失踪〔Kinshasa〕The capital and largest city of Zaire, in the western part of the country on the Congo River. Founded in 1881 by the explorer Henry M. Stanley, who named it after his patron, Leopold II of Belgium, it became capital of the Belgian Congo in 1926 and was the scene of the revolt (June 1960) that led to Zaire's independence. In 1966 its name was changed to Kinshasa, after the name of an early village that occupied the site. Population, 2,653,558.金夏沙，利奥波德维尔：扎伊尔首都和最大城市，位于扎伊尔西端刚果河边。1881年由探险家亨利·M·斯坦利建立，他以他的赞助人-比利时的利奥波德二世的名字命名，1926年它成为比利时属刚果的首都和导致扎伊尔独立的起义（1960年6月）的发生地。1966年其名称改为金沙萨，依照一个早期占据此地的村庄的名称命名。人口2,653,558〔Hillary〕New Zealand mountaineer and explorer who in 1959 with a Sherpa guide, Tenzing Norgay, first attained the summit of Mount Everest.希拉里，埃德蒙·珀希维尔：(生于 1919) 新西兰登山运动员和探险家，他于1959年与一名夏尔巴向导和坦京·诺盖最先登上珠穆朗玛峰〔Workman〕American explorer and writer. With her husbandWilliam Hunter Workman (1847-1937) she wrote several accounts of their travels, including Through Town and Jungle (1904) and In the Ice World of Himálaya (1900). 沃克曼，范尼·布洛克：(1859-1925) 美国探险家和作家。同其丈夫威廉·亨特·沃克曼 (1847-1937年）写了他们的游记，包括 《通过城镇和热带雨林》 （1904年）和 《喜马拉雅山上的冰雪世界》 （1900年） 〔Verrazano〕Italian explorer of the Atlantic coast of North America.韦拉察诺，乔瓦尼·达：(1485?-1528?) 发现北美洲大西洋海岸的意大利探险家〔Superior〕The largest and westernmost of the Great Lakes, between the north-central United States and southern Ontario, Canada. Probably first sighted by French explorers in the early 1600's, it is an important link in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway system.苏必利尔湖：五大湖最大的、最西部的湖，位于美国中部和加拿大安大略南部之间。最早大约于1600年为法国探险家发现，它是五大湖区和圣劳伦斯航道的重要枢纽〔Victoria〕A lake of east-central Africa bordered by Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. It was first sighted in 1858 by the British explorer John Speke, who was searching for the source of the Nile River.维多利亚湖：非洲中东部的湖泊，在乌干达、肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚接界处。它是在1858年被英国探险家约翰·斯巴克在寻找尼罗河的源头时首次发现的〔Tampa〕A city of west-central Florida onTampa Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico. First visited by Spanish explorers in 1528, Tampa is a port of entry, a processing and shipping hub, and a tourist center. Population, 280,015. 坦帕：美国佛罗里达州中西部一城市，位于坦帕湾 畔，该湾是墨西哥湾的一个小海口。1528年西班牙探险家首先来到这个地方。坦帕现在是一个入境口岸、加工和船运枢纽，同时也是一个旅游中心。人口280,015 〔Baker〕British explorer who founded a settlement at Ceylon (1848), explored the Blue Nile region (1861-1862), and discovered Lake Albert (1864).贝克，塞缪尔·怀特：(1821-1893) 英国探险家，他于1848年在锡兰建立了殖民地，探察了蓝尼罗河地区（1861-1862年），并发现了阿尔贝特湖（1864年）〔Scott〕British explorer who reached the South Pole (January 1912) only to find that Roald Amundsen had discovered the spot one month before.斯科特，罗伯特·法尔康：(1868-1912) 英国探险家，到达南极时（1912年1月）仅发现罗德·亚孟森在一个月之前已经到过了南极〔arrowroot〕The arrowroot is just one of many plants that the European settlers and explorers discovered in the New World.The Arawak, a people who formerly lived on the Caribbean Islands and continue to inhabit certain regions of Guiana, named this plantaru-aru, meaning "meal of meals,” so called because they thought very highly of the starchy, nutritious meal made from the arrowroot.The plant also had medicinal value because its tubers could be used to draw poison from wounds inflicted by poison arrows.The medicinal application of the roots provided the impetus for English speakers to remakearu-aru into arrowroot, first recorded in English in 1696. Folk etymology—the process by which an unfamiliar element in a word is changed to resemble a more familiar word,often one that is semantically associated with the word being refashioned—has triumphed once again,thus denying us the direct borrowing ofaru-aru and giving us arrowroot instead. 竹芋仅是欧洲探险家和拓荒者在新大陆发现的多种植物中的一种。曾居住在加勒比海各岛，现仍在圭亚那部分地区居住的阿拉瓦克人把这种植物称为aru-aru 意思是“餐中餐”， 这样称呼是因为他们非常看重这种用竹芋粉做成的淀粉状的，非常有营养的食物。这种植物同时还有医疗价值，因为其块茎可用来从毒箭箭伤处把毒吸出来。这种植物的医疗作用促使讲英语的人重新将aru-aru 命名为 arrowroot ，1696年首次在英语中予以记载。 词的通俗变化就是比较陌生的词被比较熟悉的词所替代的过程，常常是被一个语义上与被翻新的词有联系的词。这里，通俗词汇学又一次取得胜利，不允许我们直接借用aru-aru ，而是另给了我们一个 arrowroot 。 〔Bougainville〕French explorer who circumnavigated the globe (1766-1769) with a crew that included astronomers and naturalists.布加因维尔，路易斯·安托万·德：(1729-1811) 法国探险家，他曾参与一个由天文学家和博物学家组成的船队的环球航行（1766-1769年）〔Wilkins〕Australian explorer and aviator who was the first to explore the Arctic by air (1928).威尔金斯，乔治·休伯特：(1888-1958) 澳大利亚探险家和飞行员，是驾驶飞机到北极探险的第一人(1928年）〔Johnson〕American explorer and filmmaker. With her husband,Martin Johnson (1884-1937), she explored the South Seas and Africa. Their films include Jungle Adventures (1921) and Wonders of the Congo (1931). 约翰逊，奥萨·海伦·莱迪：(1894-1953) 美国探险家、制片商。她与丈夫马丁·约翰逊 (1884-1937年）一起考察了南太平洋及非洲。他们的影片包括 《丛林历险记》 （1921年）以及 《刚果奇观》 （1931年）等 〔Cartier〕French explorer who navigated the St. Lawrence River (1535) and laid claim to the region for France.卡特尔，雅克：(1491-1557) 法国探险家，于1535年在圣·劳伦斯河上航行，并宣布此地归法国所有〔Abruzzi〕Italian explorer and naval officer who made the first ascent of Mount St. Elias in Alaska (1897).阿布鲁齐：意大利探险家和航海家。是第一个登上阿拉斯加伊利亚斯山峰的人（1897年）〔Belzoni〕Italian explorer and Egyptologist who discovered and opened ancient Egyptian tombs and temples, often sending the recovered artifacts to England.贝尔佐尼，乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯特：(1778-1823) 意大利探险家、埃及古文物学家。其发现和打开古埃及陵寝和神殿，通常将发现的出土艺术品送往英国〔Columbus〕Italian explorer in the service of Spain who determined that the earth was round and attempted to reach Asia by sailing west from Europe, thereby discovering America (1492). He made three subsequent voyages to the Caribbean in his quest for a sea route to China.哥伦布，克里斯托夫：(1451-1506) 意大利探险家，效力西班牙，他认定地球是圆的，试图从欧洲向西航海至亚洲，因而发现了美洲（1492年）。在他寻找通往中国的海路时又接连三次航海至加勒比海〔Cook〕American physician and Arctic explorer who announced that he had reached the North Pole in 1908, a claim that was rejected by the scientific community.库克，弗雷德里克·阿尔贝特：(1865-1940) 美国医生和北极探险家，曾于1908年宣布已达到北极，但未获科学界的承认〔Cunha〕Portuguese explorer who, during an expedition to India, discovered (1506) the group of volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean that now bears his name.果阿，特利斯塔达：葡萄牙探险家，在对印度的一次探险中，发现了（1506年）南大西洋的火山群岛，这些岛屿现今以他的名字命名〔Tanganyika〕A lake of east-central Africa between Zaire and Tanzania. The British explorers John Speke and Sir Richard Burton first sighted the lake in 1858.坦噶尼喀湖：非洲中东部的一个湖泊，位于扎伊尔和坦桑尼亚之间。英国探险家约翰·斯比克和理查德·伯顿爵士在1858年最先发现该湖〔Frobisher〕English explorer who made three voyages to the Canadian Arctic (1576, 1577, and 1578) in search of the Northwest Passage.弗罗比歇，马丁：(1535?-1594) 英国探险家，三次航行到加拿大北冰洋地区(1576,1577,1678年）寻找西北航线〔Long〕American railroad engineer and explorer. He led expeditions to the upper Mississippi River (1817) and the Rocky Mountains (1820).朗，斯蒂芬·哈里曼：(1784-1864) 美国铁路工程师和探险家。他曾领导到密西西比河上游（1817年）和落基山脉（1820年）的探险〔Amundsen〕Norwegian explorer who in 1911 became the first person to reach the South Pole.亚孟森，罗尔德：(1872-1928) 挪威探险家，曾于1911年成为第一个到达南极的人〔Smith〕English colonist, explorer, and writer whose maps and accounts of his explorations in Virginia and New England were invaluable to later explorers and colonists.史密斯，约翰：(1580?-1631) 英国殖民者、探险家和作家，他绘制的弗吉尼亚和新英格兰地区的地图以及关于他在该地探险的描述，对后来的探险家和殖民者有极高的价值〔Cabrillo〕Portuguese-born explorer who discovered California (1542) while in the service of Spain.卡布里，胡安·罗德里格斯：(卒于 1543) 葡萄牙裔探险家，1542年为西班牙效力时发现了加利福尼亚州〔Hooker〕British botanist and explorer who wroteGenera Plantarum (1862-1883), a global study of the distribution of plants. 胡克，约瑟夫·多尔顿：(1817-1911) 英国植物学家和探险家，曾著《植物种类》 （1862-1883年），是对植物分类的全面研究 〔Charcot〕French explorer who led two missions to the Antarctic (1903-1905 and 1908-1910). He died when thePourquoi Pas? sank off Iceland. 夏尔科，简·巴蒂斯特·艾提尼·奥古斯特：(1867-1936) 法国探险家，曾两次带队考察南极（1903-1905，1908-1910。）在波可依帕斯号？ 轮船在冰岛附近沉没事件中遇难 〔Rae〕British explorer who charted much of the Canadian Arctic coast.雷，约翰：(1813-1893) 英国探险家，他绘制了加拿大北冰洋海岸的大部分地图〔Ross〕British naval officer and Arctic explorer whose expeditions (1818 and 1829-1833) in search of the Northwest Passage yielded several geographic discoveries.罗斯，约翰：(1777-1856) 英国海军军官及北极探险家，他在寻找西北航路的探险中(1818和1829-1833年）有许多地理学上的发现〔Beebe〕American naturalist, explorer, and author whose numerous expeditions include a record oceanic descent in a bathysphere he helped design (1934).毕比，（查尔斯）威廉：(1877-1962) 美国博物学家、探险家和作家。在他的多次探险中，他曾用一个他帮助设计的球形潜水器完成了一次创纪录的海洋下潜（1934年）〔Henson〕American explorer who accompanied Peary on seven Arctic expeditions, including the 1909 expedition that claimed to have first reached the North Pole.汉森，马修·亚历山大：美国探险家，他曾经随皮尔里参加过七次极地远征探险，包括1909年宣称首度到达北极的探险〔Cousteau〕French underwater explorer, film producer, and author who helped produce the Aqua-Lung (1943) and later developed underwater laboratories.库斯托，雅克·伊弗斯：(生于 1910) 法国水下探险家、电影制作人和作家，帮助发明了水肺（1943年），后来又发展了水下试验室〔Lawrence〕Welsh-born British soldier, adventurer, and writer who led the Arab revolt against the Turks (1916-1918) and later wrote an account of his adventures,The Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926). 劳伦斯，托（马斯）·爱（德华）：(1888-1935) 威尔士裔英国士兵、探险家和作家，1916-1918年领导了阿拉伯人反抗土耳其的起义，后来撰写了一部有关他历险的作品《七根智慧柱》 （1926年） 〔Smith〕American trader and explorer who opened a number of trade routes throughout the West.史密斯，杰德蒂娅·斯特朗：(1799-1831) 美国贸易商和探险家，他在美国西部开辟了几条新的商业通道〔Peters〕German explorer and colonial official who established (1884) the German East African protectorate of Tanganyika.彼得斯，卡尔：(1856-1918) 德国探险家和殖民地官员，他建立了德属东非的保护国坦干伊喀(1884年）〔adventurous〕an audacious explorer;大胆的探险家；〔Sverdrup〕Norwegian explorer who led many expeditions to the Arctic and observed a number of previously unknown islands.斯维尔德鲁普，奥托·诺伊曼：(1855-1930) 挪威探险家，曾率领几次北极探险并发现一些以前未知的岛屿〔border〕an explorer on the verge of a great discovery). 探险家位于巨大发现的临界点）。 〔Ross〕British polar explorer who located the north magnetic pole (1831). On an Antarctic expedition (1839-1843) he discovered Victoria Land and the Ross Sea.罗斯，詹姆斯·克拉克：(1800-1862) 英国极地探险家，曾测定了北磁极的位置(1831年）并在一次南极探险中(1839-1843年）发现了维多利亚地和罗斯海 |
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