| 单词 | 描写 |
| 释义 | 〔plutography〕"It is the age of plutography, where the acts of the rich turn them into great stars"(Tom Wolfe)“它是一个描写富豪生活的时代，在那有钱人的举手投足使他们成为瞩目的巨星”(汤姆·沃尔夫)〔Odets〕American playwright known for his powerful works of the Depression era, includingWaiting for Lefty (1935) and Golden Boy (1937). 奥德茨，克利福德：(1906-1963) 美国剧作家，以其描写大萧条时期的作品而闻名，包括《等待老左》 （1935年）和 《金色的男孩》 （1937年） 〔secret〕Covert describes something that is not overt but is concealed or disguised: Covert 描写不公开而是被隐藏或伪装的事物： 〔Mahabharata〕A Sanskrit epic principally concerning the dynastic struggle and civil war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas in the kingdom of Kurukshetra about the 9th centuryb.c., and containing the text of the Bhagavad-Gita, numerous subplots, and interpolations on theology, morals, and statecraft. 摩诃婆罗多：一部梵语史诗，主要描写公元前 9世纪时俱卢之野战争即般陀婆王国和俱卢族之间的王朝斗争和内战，包含 《薄伽梵歌》 全文，以及众多陪衬情节和有关神学、道德和治国术方面的添写 〔nondescript〕Latin dēscrīptus [past participle of] dēscrībere [to describe] * see describe 拉丁语 dēscrīptus dēscrībere的过去分词 [描写，描述] * 参见 describe〔dispensatory〕A book in which the contents, preparation, and uses of medicines are described; a pharmacopoeia.处方手册，药典：描写药物成分、药剂及如何服用的手册；药典〔particularity〕a travel account written with almost excruciating particularity.细节描写极其精确的旅行报道〔scene〕A real or fictitious episode, especially when described.事件：尤指描写时真实的或虚构的事件〔render〕To represent in verbal form; depict:描写：以文字形式表现；描绘：〔whatnot〕Any of various additional or unspecified things or items:难描写的物或人：一种附加的或不可名状的物品或项目之一：〔idyll〕A short poem or prose piece depicting a rural or pastoral scene, usually in idealized terms.田园诗：描写农村或畜牧风光的短诗或散文，一般使用理想化的语言〔blond〕It is usual in English to treatblond as if it required gender marking, as in French, spelling itblonde when referring to women and blond elsewhere. But this practice is in fact a relatively recent innovation,and some have suggested that it has sexist implicationsand that the formblond should be used for both sexes. There is certainly a measure of justice to the claim that the two forms are not used symmetrically.Since English does not normally mark adjectives according to the gender of the nouns they modify,it is natural to interpret the final-e as expressing some additional meaning, perhaps because it implies that hair color provides a primary category of classification for women but not men.This association of hair color and a particular perception of feminine identity is suggested in phrasessuch asdumb blonde and Is it true blondes have more fun? or in Susan Brownmiller's depiction of Hollywood's "pantheon of celebrated blondes who have fed the fantasies of men and fueled the aspirations of women.” The corresponding masculine formblond, by contrast, is not ordinarily used to refer to men in contexts in which hair color is not specifically at issue; there is something arch in a reference toLeslie Howard, Robert Redford, and other celebrated blonds. See Usage Note at brunette 在英语中，通常在使用blond 时似乎认为这个词需要性别标志。 正如在法语中，指女性时拼作blonde ，指其他时拼作 blond 。 但这实际上是较新的一种用法，一些人就曾认为这个词本身就带有性别的含义，而且blond 可同时用于两种性别。 两种形式并没有相应地使用的说法是有几分道理。因为英语中通常并不根据形容词修饰的名词的性而加以标明，很自然地就词尾的-e 看作附加的意思的表示， 这也许是由于它暗示头发的颜色是女性而不是男性提供了一个鉴别的首要类型。这种把头发颜色和女性鉴别的特殊方法联系在一起的作法，在如下的一些句子中有所体现，dump blonde（愚蠢的女人） 和 Is it true blondes have more fun?（金发女人真的更有情趣吗?） 或苏珊·布朗米勒的《好莱坞》中的描写的 "pantheon of celebrated blondes who have fed the fantasies of men and fueled the aspirations of women"（一些曾满足男人的幻想和勾起女人的野心的显赫女明星）。 不同的是相对应的男性的强调形式blond, 在行文中没有特别头发颜色的情况下通常并不专指男性； 如这句说法有调侃的意味的例句Leslie Howard, Robert Redford, and other celebrated blonds（莱斯利·霍华德，罗伯特·莱德佛拉和其他著名的金发明星中） 参见 brunette〔Cotton〕English poet and translator known for his poems on country life as well as his translation (1685) of Montaigne's essays.科顿，查尔斯：(1630-1687) 英国诗人和翻译家，以其描写农村生活的诗和所译蒙田的散文（1685年）而著名〔swashbuckler〕A dramatic or literary work dealing with a swashbuckler.描写这类人的戏剧或文学作品〔hard〕Erect; tumid. Used of a penis.竖起的：坚挺的；肿胀的。用于描写男性生殖器〔Cather〕American author who wrote about frontier life. Her novelOne of Ours (1922) won a Pulitzer Prize. 凯瑟，威拉·锡伯特：(1873-1947) 描写边疆开拓生活的美国作家。其小说《我们中的一员》 （1922年）获普利策文学奖 〔Green〕American playwright noted for his dramas portraying Southern life, such asIn Abraham's Bosom (1926), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. 格林，保罗·埃利奥特：(1894-1981) 美国戏剧家，以其描写南方生活的戏剧闻名，如《在亚伯拉罕的胸中》 （1926年）。他也因此获普利策奖 〔literate〕For most of its long history in English,literate has meant only "familiar with literature,” or more generally, "well-educated, learned";it is only during the last hundred years that it has also come to refer to the basic ability to read and write.Its antonymilliterate has an equally broad range of meanings: anilliterate person may be incapable of reading a shopping list or perhaps may only be unable to grasp an allusion to Shakespeare or Keats.The termfunctional illiterate is often used to describe a person who can read or write to some degree, but below a minimum level required to function in even a limited social situation or job setting.More recently, the meanings of the wordsliteracy and illiteracy have been extended from their original connection with reading and literature to any body of knowledge. For example, "geographic illiterates" cannot identify the countries on a map,and "computer illiterates" are unable to use a word-processing system.None of these uses ofliteracy or illiteracy are incorrect, but it might be preferable to use another word in instances where the context does not make the meaning clear.在英语悠久的历史中，literate 大部分时期只表示“精通文学的”或更概括一些， 指“受过良好教育的，有学问的”；仅仅是在上个世纪它才开始表示读和写的基本能力。它的反义词illiterate 有着同样广泛的意义： 一个illereare 的人也许连张购物单都不会读， 或许只是不理解莎士比亚或济慈的典故。functional illiterate 一词用于描写一个具有一定程度的读写能力， 但还不到甚至在一个有限的社会环境或工作环境中运用语言所须的最低水平。最近，literacy 和 illiteracy 这两词的含义已经从它们原先与阅读和文学的联系扩展到与任何一种知识的联系。 例如，一个“地理盲”不会在地图上寻找国家，而一个“计算机盲”不会使用文字信息处理系统。literacy 和 illiteracy 的这些用法都是正确的， 但是当上下文可能导致意义混淆时还是用其它词更好一些〔Freeman〕American writer best known for her short stories about rural life in New England.弗里曼，玛丽·埃莉诺·威尔金斯：(1852-1930) 美国作家，以其描写新英格兰乡村生活的短篇小说最为著名〔Mandeville〕Pen name of the unknown compiler ofThe Voyage and Travels of Sir John Mandeville, Knight (c. 1371), a description of fantastic journeys through the East. 曼德维尔，约翰：(1670?-1733) 某一真名不详作家的笔名，著有《约翰·曼德维尔爵士航海及旅行记》 （1371年），描写在东方的种种奇异的旅程 〔Gibran〕Syrian-born American mystic poet and painter best known forThe Prophet (1923), a vivid description of his philosophy of redemption through love. 纪伯伦，（吉布兰）卡里尔：(1883-1931) 叙利亚裔的美国神秘主义诗人和画家，以其《预言者》 （1923年）最著名，是通过爱来赎罪的对于其哲学的生动描写 〔Sue〕French writer known for his sensational novels that depict the sordid side of city life, includingThe Mysteries of Paris (1842-1843). 苏，尤金：(1804-1857) 法国作家，以形象地描写城市生活阴暗面的长篇小说著称，作品包括《巴黎的秘密》 （1842-1843年） 〔Redon〕French artist and forerunner of surrealism whose works include eerie lithographs and floral paintings.雷东，奥迪伦：(1840-1916) 法国艺术家和超现主义先驱者，其作品包括怪诞的版画和描写花卉的油画〔Koestler〕Hungarian-born writer whose novelDarkness at Noon (1941) portrays his disillusionment with Communism. His other works include The Sleepwalkers (1959) and The Ghost in the Machine (1967). 凯斯特勒，阿瑟：(1905-1983) 匈牙利裔作家，他的小说《正午的黑暗》 （1941年）描写了他对共产主义的幻灭。他的其它作品包括 《梦游者》 （1959年）和 《机器中的幽灵》 （1967年） 〔Drummond〕Irish-born Canadian poet whose works describe the French-Canadian habitants.德拉蒙德，威廉·亨利：(1854-1907) 爱尔兰裔加拿大诗人，其作品多描写法裔加拿大居民〔Bowen〕Irish-born British writer best known for her novels about the upper middle class, notablyThe House in Paris (1935) and The Heat of the Day (1949). 鲍恩，伊丽莎白·多罗西·科尔：(1899-1973) 爱尔兰裔英籍作家，因描写中上层阶级生活的小说而闻名，最著名的有《巴黎之屋》 （1935年）和 《热天》 （1949年） 〔Gale〕American writer known for her novels dealing with life in the rural Midwest, such asBirth (1918) and Miss Lulu Bett (1920). 盖尔，佐纳：(1874-1938) 美国作家，因描写中西部偏远地区生活的小说而闻名，例如《诞生》 （1918年）和 《卢卢贝特小姐》 （1920年） 〔superhero〕A figure, especially in a comic strip or cartoon, endowed with superhuman powers and usually portrayed as fighting evil or crime.超级英雄：在连环画或卡通片中，具有超人力量，通常被描写为与罪恶或犯罪作斗争的人物〔Hafiz〕Persian poet whose sensuous rhyming couplets, many of which concern love, wine, and nature, are traditionally interpreted allegorically by Sufic Moslems.哈菲兹：波斯诗人，其诗多为押韵华美的两行诗体，其中许多描写爱情，美酒和大自然，苏菲派穆斯林因循传统地对它们作了寓言式阐释〔define〕"portraits that defined the style of an epoch"(Gloria Vanderbilt)“表现一个时代风格特征的描写”(格洛丽亚·范德比尔特)〔overwrite〕To write about in an artificial or an excessively elaborate, wordy style.写得过多，描述过分：用矫情的或过多的描写，书写格式来写〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人；但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”，胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责；他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事，内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时，据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此，妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散（尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾）。不管这个故事多么诱人，它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版（尽管第一版中没有）， 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女，水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克，纽约市的一个地区，但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话； 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单，hooker 的历史隐晦难知； 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用，但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据，已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战，”卡通写道，“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代，华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的［红灯区］。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区，作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼，这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克， 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔sarcastic〕"He was proud, sardonic, harsh to inferiority of every description" (Charlotte Brontë).“他对各种描写的低劣性都抱以傲慢、讽刺和毫不保留爱憎分明的态度” （夏洛特·勃朗蒂）〔Crabbe〕British poet noted for his simple, realistic poems of middle-class life, includingThe Village (1783). 克雷布，乔治：(1754-1832) 英国诗人，以朴素手法描写中产阶级生活的现实主义诗而闻名，作品包括《村庄》 （1783年） 〔Channing〕American historian whose major work wasA History of the United States (six volumes, 1905-1925). The last volume, covering the Civil War, won a Pulitzer Prize (1926). 查宁，爱德华：(1856-1931) 美国历史学家，主要著作为《美国历史》 （6卷，1905-1925年）。最后一卷描写美国内战，获普利策奖（1926年） 〔Bowen〕American writer of semifictional biographies, such asThe Lion and the Throne (1957), a life of Sir Edward Coke. 鲍恩，凯瑟琳·德林克：(1897-1973) 美国半虚构体传记作家，作品有《狮子和王冠》 （1957年），描写爱德华·科克爵士的生活 〔ballyhoo〕The origin ofballyhoo has been the subject of much speculation. This spelling has actually graced four different words:ballyhoo, "sensational advertising"; ballyhoo, a spelling of balao, a kind of fish; ballyhoo, a part of the name ballyhoo bird, about which more later; andballyhoo, a sailor's epithet for a disliked ship. This lastballyhoo (first recorded in 1836) was thought to be related to, or the same as, the word ballahou, from Spanishbalahú, "a type of schooner common in the Antilles.” First recorded in 1867,ballahou, besides being a term for a specific kind of ship, was also used contemptuously of inferior ships.But the connection between these sailing terms or the name of the fish and our wordballyhoo, first recorded in 1901, has not been established. There may, however, be a tie betweenballyhoo and the creature called a ballyhoo bird. According to a July 1880 article inHarper's, the bird had four wings and two heads and could whistle through one bill while singing through the other.Anyone who has ever hunted a snipe will know what hunting ballyhoo birds was like.单词ballyhoo 的来源一直存在种种推测。 这个词的拼写实际上包含有四个不同的词：ballyhoo， 意为“耸人听闻的广告”； ballyhoo， 是 balao 的一种拼写，是一种鱼； ballyhoo， 是 ballyhoo bird 的一部分,其出现更晚； 还有一个是ballyhoo， 是水手对不喜欢的船的称呼。 这最后一个ballyhoo （最早记载于1836年）被认为与 ballahou 有关或相同， 该词来自西班牙语balahu， 意为“流行于安的列斯群岛的一种纵帆船。” 首次记载于1867年，ballahou 一词除表示一种特殊的船外， 还表示同时代的劣等船。但这些与航海有关的词或鱼类名称的词与我们所使用的、首次记载于1901年的一词ballyhoo 之间尚未建立联系。 然而也许ballyhoo 一词与被称为 ballyhoo bird 的生物之间有某种联系。 根据1880年7月哈帕斯 杂志中一篇文章的描写， 这种鸟有四翅双头，可以用其中一张嘴吹哨，同时用另一张嘴唱歌。任何曾经猎过鹬鸟的人将会知道捕猎“巴里嗬”鸟是怎样的一种情景〔Stow〕English historian and antiquarian noted for his collection of medieval manuscripts and for hisSurvey of London (1598), a description of London at the dawn of modern time. 斯托，约翰：(1525-1605) 英国历史学家、文物工作者，以其对中世纪手稿的收集和描写现代初期的伦敦的《伦敦鸟瞰》 （1598年）而闻名 〔Apelles〕Greek painter whose works, none of which survives, are described in ancient writings.阿佩利斯：古代文献里描写的一位古希腊画家，其作品全部失传〔poeticize〕To describe or express in poetry or in a poetic manner.用诗写，用诗表达：以诗或诗一般的方式来描写或表达 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。