| 单词 | 支持 |
| 释义 | 〔feed〕To support or promote; encourage:支持或激发；鼓励：〔build〕To develop or increase in stages or by degrees:扩大，集结，支持：逐步或分阶段的发展或增加：〔defend〕To support or maintain, as by argument or action; justify.支持：支持或维护，如通过争辩或采取行动；为…辩护〔vindicate〕To provide justification or support for:为…而辩护：为…提供正义或支持：〔set〕To establish in business by providing capital, equipment, or other backing.开始经商：通过提供资本、设备或其它支持而建立企业〔scalawag〕A white Southerner working for or supporting the federal government during Reconstruction.南方佬：重建期间支持或为联邦政府工作的南方白人〔Trumbull〕American politician. As governor of Connecticut (1769-1784) he provided supplies and support for the Continental Army during the American Revolution.特朗布尔，约拿丹：(1710-1785) 美国政治家。他曾任康涅狄格殖民地总督（1769-1784年），独立战争期间为大陆军提供给养及支持〔clear〕To secure the approval of:获得…的支持：〔sanction〕To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval.See Synonyms at approve 鼓励，容忍：以给予许可的方式支持或容忍 参见 approve〔kom〕(co- ), com- , from Old Latin com , with (collective and intensive prefix). (co- ), com- , 源自 古拉丁语 com , 支持 （集合和强调的前缀）. 〔Orangeman〕A member of a secret society founded in Northern Ireland in 1795 to maintain the political and religious ascendancy of Protestantism.奥兰治社团成员：1795年在爱尔兰北部成立的以支持当时政治和宗教的新教势力的秘密社团的成员〔trust〕 Dependence suggests reliance on the help or support of another to whom one is often subordinate: Dependence 表示对其主人或下级帮助或支持的依赖： 〔hold〕To sustain the pressure of:支撑住：支持住…的压力：〔espalier〕from Italian spalliera [shoulder support] 源自 意大利语 spalliera [用肩负担支持] 〔Sandino〕Nicaraguan guerrilla leader who took up arms (1927-1933) against the American troops supporting the government in Nicaragua. He was assassinated after a meeting with government officials in 1934.桑迪诺，塞萨尔·奥古斯托：(1893-1934) 尼加拉瓜游击队领导人，曾参与进行武装抗击支持尼加拉瓜政府的美国军队的斗争(1927-1933年），他在1934年的一次与政府官员会谈后被刺杀〔criticize〕The press denounces clandestine support for the counterrevolution. 新闻界痛斥了对反革命的暗中支持 〔identify〕In the sense "to associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group,”identify has developed two distinct subsenses. In one, the verb suggests a psychological empathy with the feelings or experiences of another person,as inMost young readers readily identify (or identify themselves ) with Holden Caulfield. This usage derives originally from psychoanalytic writing,where it has a specific technical sense,but like other terms from that field,it was widely regarded as jargon when introduced into the wider discourse.In particular,critics seized on the fact that in this sense the verb was often used intransitively,with no reflexive pronoun.As Wilson Follett wrote in 1966,"The critic . . . could help restore the true notion in these words if he would give upidentifying at large and resume identifying himself with Ivan Karamazov, Don Quixote, Mary Poppins, or whomever.” In recent years, however, this use ofidentify with without the reflexive has become a standard locution. Eighty-two percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentenceI find it hard to identify with any of his characters; whereas only 63 percent now accepts this same usage when the reflexive pronoun is used,as inI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters. · Omission of the reflexive with this use ofidentify serves among other things to distinguish it from use of the verb to mean "to associate (oneself) with the goals, interests, or principles of a group.” This use of the verb can be traced back to the 18th century,but it is now somewhat less acceptable to the Panel than the first sense under discussion:58 percent of the Panel accepts the sentenceShe identified herself with the campaign against drug abuse, and only 40 percent acceptsShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse, where no reflexive pronoun is used. 在“使（自己）密切联系或依附于别人”这一意思中的。identify 一词又有两种不同的含义。 第一，这个动词表现了对其他人的感情或经历在心理上的认同，例如大多数青年读者很快认同了 （或 identify themselves ) 霍尔顿·科尔菲德。 这种用法来源于有关心理分析的著作，在这些著作中，这个词具有特殊的科技含义，不过就象从该领域引入的其它词语一样，这个词在日常生活使用中还带有专业术语的痕迹。特别指出的是，批评家们在发现这个词常常作为不及物动词来用，后面不带反身代词。正如威尔逊·福勒特1966年写到的，“如果评论家们很早就全面放弃identifying 而重新使用 identifying himself with 伊万·卡拉玛佐夫、堂吉诃德、玛丽·波普斯等人物，那就会有助于探询出这些词的真实含意。” 不过，近年来使用identify with 中间不加反身代词已成为一种标准搭配。 用法专题小组中82%的成员认为我觉得很难认同于他小说中的人物 一句是正确的； 而现在只有63%的成员接受使用反身代词来表达同一意思的句子，即I find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters。 省略反身代词以及其它一些方法，使identify 这种用法区别于它作为动词在“与某个集团的目标、利益或原则相联系”一句中的意思。 它作为动词的用法可追溯到18世纪，不过对于用法专题小组来说它没有第一种解释那样被易于接受：58%的小组成员接受她支持反对滥用药物的运动 这一说法， 只有40%的成员接受不要反身代词的She identified with the campaign against drug abuse 这一说法 〔reinforce〕To strengthen by adding extra support or material.加强：用增加支持或物资来加强〔protagonist〕Theprotagonist of a Greek drama was its leading actor, of whom there could be but one in any play.This is an etymological nicety that many modern writers continue to observe when using the word to refer to the main character of a drama or other fiction.Thus when the members of the Usage Panel were asked "How many protagonists are there inOthello ?” the great majority answered "One"and offered substitutes such asantagonist, villain, principal, and deuteragonist to describe Desdemona and Iago. But there is reputable precedent from the 17th century on for usingprotagonist to mean simply "important actor" or "principal party,”with no implication of uniqueness,as inThere are three protagonists in this sluggish novel. Smith and Jones were the protagonists in the struggle over the future of the computer company. Thus, while some writers may prefer to confine the word to a singular sense in their own usage,it is pedantic to insist that the looser use is incorrect. ·The use ofprotagonist to refer to a proponent has become common only in the 20th century and may have been influenced by a misconception that the first syllable of the word represents the prefixpro-, "favoring.” In sentences such asHe was an early protagonist of nuclear power, this use is likely to strike many readers as an errorand can usually be replaced byadvocate or proponent with no loss of sense.希腊戏剧的protagnist 是主角， 且在任何戏剧中仅有一个主角。许多现代作家在用这个词时都注意使它指代戏剧或其他小说的主要人物，因此当用法专题小组成员被问及“在奥赛罗 里有几个主要人物?”时， 大部分人回答“一个”，而且用如antagonist、villain、principal 和 deuteragonist 等词来描述苔丝德蒙娜和雅各。 但是从十七进纪开始，有一个使用protagonist 的规范惯例， 仅表示“重要的演员”或“首要的政党”，而丝毫没有独一无二的暗示，象在句子在这部文风拖沓的小说中有三个人物。 史密斯和琼斯是为计算公司的未来而奋斗的主角中一样。 因此，当某些作家可能在他们自己的用法中偏于把这个词限制在一个简单的含义中时，仍强调自由用法不正确就是卖弄学问的了。用protagonist 来指代建议者或支持者仅在20世纪开始变得常见， 而且被对于代表意为“支持的”前缀pro- 的该词第一个音节的误解所影响。 在句子他是核武力的早期支持者 中， 这种用法可能会使读者认为是个错误，而且常被advocate 或 proponent 所替代， 同时也不会有任何意思的遗漏〔stipitate〕Supported on or having a stipe.被柄支持的或具有柄的〔brassiere〕A woman's undergarment worn to support and give contour to the breasts.奶罩：支持乳房和具有乳房形状的女用内衣〔underpin〕"the public awareness that must underpin a sustained and concerted development effort for Africa and its youth"(Barber B. Conable)“必须支持为非洲及非洲青年提供持续一致的发展努力的大众意识”(芭芭拉B.科纳伯)〔sustain〕To support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of; encourage.支持，鼓舞：支撑…的精神、生命力或决心；鼓励〔supportive〕Furnishing support or assistance.支持的或赞助的〔autocrat〕-kratēs [-crat] -kratēs [后缀，表示“参与或支持（某种）政府或统治集团”] 〔valentine〕Geoffrey Chaucer should perhaps receive honor as the real Saint Valentine.Although reference books abound with mention of Roman festivals from which Valentine's Day—the day for lovers—may be derived,Jack B. Oruch has shown that no evidence exists to support these connections and that Chaucer is most likely the first to link the saint's day with the custom of choosing sweethearts.No link between the day and lovers exists before the time of Chaucer and several literary contemporaries who also mention it,but after them the link becomes widespread,a circumstance that makes it seem likely that Chaucer, the most imaginative of the group, invented the tradition.The fullest and perhaps earliest description of the tradition occurs in Chaucer'sParlement of Foules, composed around 1380, which takes place "on Seynt Valentynes day,/Whan every foul cometh there to chese [choose] his make [mate].”杰弗里·乔叟可能应该接受作为真正的圣马伦丁的荣誉。尽管参考书中充满圣瓦伦丁节日──情人的节日──可能来源于罗马节日的提法，杰克·B.奥鲁奇已经表示没有证据存在去支持这些联系，并且认为乔叟是最有可能第一个把圣瓦伦丁节和选择情人的习俗联系在一起的。乔叟和他同时代的一些创作者曾有过这个提法，但在这之前，并没有人把某日和情人的联系存在，但是在他们之后这种联系开始广泛流传起来，这种情况使得这群人中最有想象力的乔叟创造了这个节日。关于这种传统的最完整可能也是最早的描述出现在乔叟的 Parlement of Foules（火鸡议会） 中， 作于1380年左右，发生在“圣瓦伦丁节/当每个火鸡都来到这里选择它的配偶”〔favor〕To treat or regard with friendship, approval, or support.关照，赞成：友好、赞同、支持地对待〔argument〕 Argument stresses the advancement by each side of facts and reasons buttressing its contention and intended to persuade the other side: Argument 强调各方用事实和理由来支持自己的论点并试图说服对方的进展： 〔philharmonic〕A symphony orchestra or the group that supports it.爱乐团体：支持它的交响乐团或乐团团体〔heartstring〕One of the nerves or tendons formerly believed to brace and sustain the heart.过去被认为是包裹和支持心脏的一簇神经或肌腱〔cleat〕To supply, support, secure, or strengthen with a cleat.用楔子支持、收紧或加固〔Asquith〕British Liberal politician and prime minister (1908-1916) who introduced unemployment insurance and old-age pensions and supported the Parliament Act of 1911, which established salaries for elected members and restricted the power of veto in the House of Lords.阿斯奎斯，赫伯特·亨利：(1852-1928) 英国自由党政治家和首相（1908-1916年），提倡失业保险和老年养老金，支持1911年议会议案，为被送人员设置工资并限制上议院的否决权利〔cannibalize〕"It becomes necessary to cannibalize unsuccessful projects to fund those which can proceed"(Daily Report for Executives)“当务之急是将不成功项目中的资金抽调出来以支持那些可行项目”(管理者每日报告)〔neoliberal〕One who follows or supports neoliberalism:新自由主义者：信仰或支持新自由主义的人：〔preprimary〕preprimary conventions; preprimary support.初选前的大会；初选前的支持〔defense〕An argument in support or justification of something.See Synonyms at apology 辩护：为支持或证明某事的正确性所作的争辩 参见 apology〔dilemma〕whether to take out loans to support themselves, to try to work part-time at both a job and their research,or to give up on the degree entirely. 不是扣除支持其学业的贷款从事半工半读，就是彻底放弃学位 〔suffragan〕from Latin suffrāgium [support, right to vote] 源自 拉丁语 suffrāgium [支持，选举权] 〔subsist〕Latin subsistere [to support] 拉丁语 subsistere [支持] 〔assist〕To give help or support to, especially as a subordinate or supplement; aid:帮助：给…帮助或支持，尤指作为棣属形或补充型；帮助： |
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