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| 释义 | 〔boycott〕Charles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word.Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland.The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland.Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform.Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters.Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants.At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in,and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated—without servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery.Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment,not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.查理斯·C·博伊考特看来是因为其强烈的责任感而成为一个家喻户晓的词。博伊考特是爱尔兰麦奥县俄内伯爵的房地产经纪人。俄内是占有爱尔兰大部分土地的不在地主集团中的一员。博伊考特于1880年秋季被选为一项新政策的试点，此项政策是由一个企图进行土地改革的爱尔兰政治家──查理斯·帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或接管被驱逐佃户土地的佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了──没有仆人，农业工人，得不到商店服务，也没有人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词，不仅用于在英语中，而且也用于如法语、荷兰语、德语和俄语的其他语言中〔surcharge〕An overcharge, especially when unlawful.索价过高：尤指非法的过高收取的费用〔moneylender〕One that lends money at an interest rate.放款人：收取一定利息把钱借出的人〔override〕A sales commission collected by an executive in addition to the commission received by a subordinate salesperson.佣金：除下属推销员收取的佣金之外管理人员收取的佣金〔surcharge〕To charge (a person) an additional sum.向（一个人）收取额外费用〔vigorish〕A charge taken on bets, as by a bookie or gambling establishment.抽头：由赌注经纪人或者赌博组织收取的费用〔cellarage〕A fee charged for storage in a cellar.储藏费：在窑内储藏物品收取的费用〔surcharge〕from surchargen [to overtax] 源自 surchargen [过多收取税费] 〔drawback〕A refund or remittance, such as a discount on duties or taxes for goods destined for reexport.退款：钱款收取以后归还，如再出口的进口产品退税〔usurer〕One who lends money at interest, especially at an exorbitant or unlawfully high rate.高利贷者：借钱收取利息的人，尤指收取不合法的或过高利息的人〔excessive〕charged an unreasonable rent;收取不合理的租金；〔checkoff〕Collection of dues from members of a union by authorized deduction from their wages.扣款：经授权从工会成员的工资中扣款来收取会费〔usury〕The practice of lending money and charging the borrower interest, especially at an exorbitant or illegally high rate.高利贷：借给他人钱并要求贷者付很高的利息的做法，尤指收取超过法律规定的或过高的利率〔buckraking〕The practice of accepting large sums of money for speaking to business or special interest groups, especially when viewed as compromising the objectivity of journalists.封口金钱，新闻记者外快：因与企业或特定利益群体的会谈而收取大笔金钱的行为，尤指当新闻记者偏离客观性时.〔price〕Charge is the sum asked especially for the rendering of a service: Charge 尤指为提供某种服务而收取的费用： 〔chamber〕A place where municipal or state funds are received and held; a treasury.金库：市或州的资金收取存放的地方；财库〔consideration〕agreed to do it for a small consideration.同意收取很少的报酬来做这件事〔remembrancer〕An officer of the British judiciary responsible for collecting debts owed to the Crown.王室的债款收取官：负责为王室收债的英国法官中的一名官员〔pickup〕The act or process of picking up:收取：收取的行为或过程：〔checker〕One that receives items for temporary safekeeping or for shipment:管理员：收取暂时寄存或托运物品的人：〔chamberlain〕An official who receives the rents and fees of a municipality; a treasurer.财务管理人：收取市政租金和费用的官员；司库〔stowage〕A charge for storing goods.保管费：储存货物收取的费用〔excise〕A licensing charge or a fee levied for certain privileges.执照税：对某种特权按所发执照收取的税或其它费用〔communication〕A system, such as mail, telephone, or television, for sending and receiving messages.邮件，电话，电视：发送和收取消息系统，例如邮件、电话或电视〔farm〕To turn over (a business, for example) to another in return for the payment of a fixed sum.包出：转让（如生意）给另一单位，条件是收取固定金额作为回报〔slumlord〕An owner of slum property, especially one that overcharges tenants and allows the property to deteriorate.破旧房屋的房东：拥有贫民窟房产的人，尤指那种过高地收取房客租金并任由房屋条件恶化的房东〔publican〕A collector of public taxes or tolls in the ancient Roman Empire.税吏：古罗马帝国收取公共税或通行税的人〔pickup〕the pickup and delivery of farm produce.农产品的收取和运输〔lighterage〕The fee charged for lightering.驳船费：驳运收取的费用〔publican〕A collector of taxes or tribute from the public.征收员：从公众那儿收取赋税或贡物的人〔taxicab〕An automobile that carries passengers for a fare, usually calculated by a taximeter.出租汽车：运送乘客并收取车费的汽车，通常由计程器计算车费 |
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