| 单词 | 政党 |
| 释义 | 〔congress〕A single meeting, as of a political party or other group.会议：政党及其它组织的一次会议〔chit〕earned vital chits with his party by making fundraising speeches.因作筹集资金的演讲而获得他所在政党的高度称赞〔Tory〕A member of a British political party, founded in 1689, that was the opposition party to the Whigs and has been known as the Conservative Party since about 1832.托利党党员：创建于1689年，作为辉格党对立党而存在的英国政党党员，1832年以后托利党名为保守党〔Paul〕American feminist who founded (1916) the separatist National Woman's Party and wrote (1923) the first equal rights amendment to be considered by the U.S. Congress.保罗，艾丽斯：(1885-1977) 美国女权主义者，她于1916年创建了独立国家妇女政党，起草了第一个平等权利修正议案，被美国国会所重视〔either〕Either of the parties have enough support to form a government. 这些政党中任一个都有足够的支持来组阁一个政府。 〔conspiracy〕Political intrigue prevented her from becoming her party's candidate.政治上的勾心斗角使她未能成为她所在政党的候选人。〔Buthelezi〕South African politician and leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party, originally a Zulu cultural movement established by his grandfather in the 1920s. He revived the movement in 1975 and transformed it into a modern political party in 1990.布特莱齐，曼戈秀克图·盖夏：南非政治家及因卡塔自由党领袖，因卡塔自由党前身为20年代布特莱齐祖父发起的祖鲁文化运动。1975年他再次发起该运动，并于1990年将其转变为现代政党〔labor〕Labor A political party representing the interests of workers, especially in Great Britain. Labor 工党：一种代表工人利益的政党，尤指英国工党〔apostasy〕Abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a cause.叛教，变节，脱党，背信：放弃宗教信仰、脱离某政党、背弃行事原则或事业〔Gramsci〕Italian political leader and theorist who helped establish the Italian Communist party in 1921. Mussolini later outlawed the party and Gramsci was imprisoned (1926-1937).葛米西，安东尼奥：意大利政治领导者及理论家，于1921年协助意大利共产党的建立，之后莫索里尼宣告此党为非法政党而葛米西因此被判入狱〔play〕To set opposing parties or interests against one another so as to advance one's own goals.使对立双方相争以从中得利：使对立的政党或利益集团相争以实现自己的目标〔storefront〕a political office in a storefront.一楼铺面的政党办公室〔proselytize〕To induce someone to join one's own political party or to espouse one's doctrine.劝诱入会：劝诱某人加入自己的政党或拥护自己的主义〔party〕An established political group organized to promote and support its principles and candidates for public office.政党，党派：组建起来用以宣传和支持其原则以及帮助候选人竞选政治职务的政治团体〔Baathist〕A member of a pan-Arab socialist political party active principally in Syria and Iraq.巴提党员，叙利亚社会党党员：主要活跃于叙利亚和伊拉克的泛阿拉伯社会主义政党中一员〔union〕A combination so formed, especially an alliance or confederation of people, parties, or political entities for mutual interest or benefit.组织，政党，团体：这样形成的联合，尤指为相互利益的人民、政党或政治实体的联盟或同盟〔laborite〕Laborite A member of a political party representing labor. Laborite 工党党员：代表劳工利益的政党中的成员〔organ〕An instrument or a means of communication, especially a periodical issued by a political party, business firm, or other group.喉舌，报刊：通讯的机构或形式，尤指由政党、商业、公司或其它组织定期发行的〔crossover〕A registered member of one political party who votes in the primary of the other party.跨党投票者：在另一个政党的初选期内为其投票的某个政党的登记党员〔doer〕a real doer in party politics.一个政党的真正活跃分子〔Nazi〕Often nazi An adherent or advocate of policies characteristic of Nazism; a fascist. 常作 nazi 法西斯分子：与纳粹类似的政党的教徒或提倡者；法西斯主义者〔captain〕A district official for a political party.地方领导人：政党的地方官员〔Communist〕A supporter of such a party or movement.共产党员：这样政党或运动的支持者〔tong〕A Chinese association or political party.堂：中国的联合会组织或政党〔purge〕To rid (a nation or political party, for example) of people considered undesirable.从（例如，一个国家或政党中）开除被认为是不忠的分子〔jamboree〕A mass gathering or assembly, as of a political party or association.政党或社团的集会：大量聚集或集会，如政党或协会的〔comsymp〕A Communist Party sympathizer.共产主义政党的同情者〔indoctrinate〕To imbue with a partisan or ideological point of view:灌输：把政党的或意识形态的观点向…灌输：〔mutual〕Mutual is uncontroversially used to describe a reciprocal relationship between two or more things, in which use it can be paraphrased by expressions involvingbetween or each other. Thustheir mutual animosity means "their animosity for each other" or "the animosity between them,” anda mutual defense treaty is one in which each party agrees to come to the defense of the other. Butmutual is also widely used where one might expect "common,” as inThe bill serves the mutual interests of management and labor and particularly in the expressionour mutual friend, which was widespread even before Charles Dickens used it as the title of a novel.Critics have often objected to this use,but it is well established in reputable writing.However,mutual in this latter sense is reserved to describe relations that hold between two or more specific parties and a third person or thing. It cannot be used as a substitute forcommon in the sense "general": Mutual 毫无争议地被用来描述两者或者更多事物之间的相互关系， 可以用一些包括between 或 each other 的表达来解释。 因此他们相互的敌意 意思为“他们彼此之间产生的敌意”或者“他们之间的敌意”， 相互防御条约 意为一个政党同意帮助另一政党进行防御的条约。 但是Mutual 也广泛地用来表示“共同的”， 就象在这个议案满足劳资双方的需要。 特别是在短语我们共同的朋友， 甚至在查理·狄更斯把它作为一本小说名之前就已经广泛应用。评论家们一直以来常常反对这种用法，但是在规范的写作中它已被完全确定下来了。但是mutual 后来产生的意思被用来描述两个或者更多特定元素及物和第三者之间的关系。 当意为“普遍的”时，它不能代替common 来表述“总体”的含义： 〔protagonist〕Theprotagonist of a Greek drama was its leading actor, of whom there could be but one in any play.This is an etymological nicety that many modern writers continue to observe when using the word to refer to the main character of a drama or other fiction.Thus when the members of the Usage Panel were asked "How many protagonists are there inOthello ?” the great majority answered "One"and offered substitutes such asantagonist, villain, principal, and deuteragonist to describe Desdemona and Iago. But there is reputable precedent from the 17th century on for usingprotagonist to mean simply "important actor" or "principal party,”with no implication of uniqueness,as inThere are three protagonists in this sluggish novel. Smith and Jones were the protagonists in the struggle over the future of the computer company. Thus, while some writers may prefer to confine the word to a singular sense in their own usage,it is pedantic to insist that the looser use is incorrect. ·The use ofprotagonist to refer to a proponent has become common only in the 20th century and may have been influenced by a misconception that the first syllable of the word represents the prefixpro-, "favoring.” In sentences such asHe was an early protagonist of nuclear power, this use is likely to strike many readers as an errorand can usually be replaced byadvocate or proponent with no loss of sense.希腊戏剧的protagnist 是主角， 且在任何戏剧中仅有一个主角。许多现代作家在用这个词时都注意使它指代戏剧或其他小说的主要人物，因此当用法专题小组成员被问及“在奥赛罗 里有几个主要人物?”时， 大部分人回答“一个”，而且用如antagonist、villain、principal 和 deuteragonist 等词来描述苔丝德蒙娜和雅各。 但是从十七进纪开始，有一个使用protagonist 的规范惯例， 仅表示“重要的演员”或“首要的政党”，而丝毫没有独一无二的暗示，象在句子在这部文风拖沓的小说中有三个人物。 史密斯和琼斯是为计算公司的未来而奋斗的主角中一样。 因此，当某些作家可能在他们自己的用法中偏于把这个词限制在一个简单的含义中时，仍强调自由用法不正确就是卖弄学问的了。用protagonist 来指代建议者或支持者仅在20世纪开始变得常见， 而且被对于代表意为“支持的”前缀pro- 的该词第一个音节的误解所影响。 在句子他是核武力的早期支持者 中， 这种用法可能会使读者认为是个错误，而且常被advocate 或 proponent 所替代， 同时也不会有任何意思的遗漏〔primary〕A preliminary election in which the registered voters of a political party nominate candidates for office.初选：某一政党已登记的选民提名参加公职竞选候选人的初选〔cartel〕A group of parties, factions, or nations united in a common cause; a bloc.政治联盟：一些政党、派别或民族为共同事业而组成的联盟；跨党派议员集团〔Guelph〕A member of a strong faction in medieval Italy that supported the power of the pope and the city-states in a struggle against the German emperors and the Ghibellines.教皇派，归尔甫派：中世纪意大利一强而有势的政治派别成员，此派支持教皇势力及城邦共和国，反对德国皇帝及意大利贵族政党的斗争〔coalition〕An alliance, especially a temporary one, of people, factions, parties, or nations.联盟：人民、派别、政党或国家的联合，尤指暂时联合〔fringe〕Those members of a group or political party holding extreme views:见解偏激的人：某一类持偏激观点人或政党：〔Lenin〕Russian founder of the Bolsheviks, leader of the Russian Revolution (1917), and first head of the U.S.S.R. (1917-1924). As a communist theoretician Lenin held that workers could not develop a revolutionary consciousness without the guidance of a vanguard party and that imperialism was a particular stage of capitalist development.列宁，弗拉基米尔·伊里奇：(1870-1924) 苏联布尔什维克的缔造者，俄国十月革命(1917年）的领导者，是前苏联的第一任领导人(1917-1924年）。作为一名共产主义的理论家，列宁认为：没有先驱政党的指导，工人就不能发展革命意识；帝国主义是资本主义发展过程中的一个特殊阶段〔Burke〕Irish-born British politician and writer. Famous for his oratory, he pleaded the cause of the American colonists in Parliament and was instrumental in developing the notions of party responsibility and a loyal opposition within the parliamentary system. His major work,Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), voices his opposition to the excesses of the French experience. 伯克，埃德蒙：(1729-1797) 爱尔兰裔的英国政治家和作家。以其演讲而著名，他为国会中的美国殖民者辩护，并且发展了政党责任这一名词的解释，并在国会中与皇室对立。主要作品《关于法国革命的感想》 （1790年），表达了他对法国经历的暴行的反对立场 〔primary〕A meeting of the registered voters of a political party for the purpose of nominating candidates and for choosing delegates to their party convention.候选人提拔会：某一政党已登记的选民为提名候选人及为选择政党会议代表而举行的会议〔caucus〕A meeting of the local members of a political party especially to select delegates to a convention or register preferences for candidates running for office.政党会议：一个政党地方成员的会议，尤指选择换届代表或记录竞选人的优先权的会议〔Chartism〕The principles and practices of a party of political reformers, chiefly workingmen, active in England from 1838 to 1848.宪章主义：1838至1848年活跃于英国的政治改革家，主要是工人组成的政党的原则及实践 |
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