| 单词 | 政客 |
| 释义 | 〔shakedown〕In 1969 a majority of the members of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary Usage Panel felt that the noun shakedown in the sense "extortion" and the related phrasal verb shake down were acceptable in writing, though both are now labeledslang. It would seem that certain usages take a while to attain respectability because of the company they keep.Shake and the verb phrase shake out of already meant "to steal" in Middle English. This usage ofshake is still found in the 19th and 20th centuries. Bothshake and shake out of in the sense "to steal" are clearly related to shake down, which is first recorded in 1872, shake down being glossed "to extort money from individuals.” This is a slang usage,probably occurring, as had the verbshake, largely in contexts having to do with criminal or corrupt behavior. As our Panel realized,the verb and the later nounshakedown (first recorded in 1902 in the United States) have now moved from the lingo of criminals, loan sharks, and politicians into wider currency. 1969年，大多数美国经典辞书 用法研究小组的成员认为名词 shakedown （意为“敲诈”）及相关的短语动词 shake down 在写作中是可接受的， 虽然现在两者均被标以俚语。 与之有关的意义似乎有些用法需要一些时间来获得社会的承认。在中世纪英语中，Shake 和 shake out of 已经意味着“偷盗” 。 shake 的这种用法仍见于19世纪和20世纪。 Shake 及 shake out of （意为“偷盗”）明显与 shake down （首次记载于1872年）有所联系。 shake down 被解释为“从个人处敲诈金钱”。 这是俚语用法，很可能如动词shake 一样，大量用于与犯罪或腐败行为有关的语境中。 正如我们的用法研究小组所意识到的，该动词及后来的名词shakedown （在美国最早记载于1902年）已从罪犯、高利贷者及政客的语汇发展到更广泛的使用领域 〔politician〕"Mothers may still want their favorite sons to grow up to be President, but . . . they do not want them to become politicians in the process"(John F. Kennedy)“母亲们也许仍然希望她们宠爱的儿子长大后成为总统，但…她们并不想让他们在成为总统这一过程中当上政客”(约翰F.肯尼迪)〔incline〕Recent events incline us to distrust all politicians.近期发生的事件使我们不信任所有的政客〔politician〕One who seeks personal or partisan gain, often by scheming and maneuvering:政客：谋求个人或党派利益的人，常是通过阴谋和伎俩：〔kisser〕a politician known as an inveterate kisser of babies.被认为吻婴儿成癖的政客〔Cass〕American soldier, politician, and diplomat who held several governmental positions, including U.S. secretary of war (1831-1836) during the Black Hawk and Seminole wars.卡斯，刘易斯：(1782-1866) 美国军人、政客和外交官，曾担任过几任政府职务，包括在黑鹰和森密诺尔战争中任美国作战长官（1831-1836年）〔bankrupt〕a morally and ethically bankrupt politician.道德沦丧的政客〔progressive〕a progressive politician; progressive business leadership.进步主义的政客；进步主义商业领导〔facile〕a facile slogan devised by politicians.政客所提出的缺乏诚意和深度的口号〔roadkill〕"Many radio rightists betray a truculent nostalgia for the old foes who became their roadkill"(Richard Corliss)“对那些已被击败的老对手，接受无线访问的右派政客不再激烈反对”(理查德·考利斯)〔bleed〕"Politicians . . . never stop inventing illicit enterprises of government that bleed the national economy"(David A. Stockman)“政客们…从未停止创造政府的违反企业，以榨取国家的经济资源”(戴维A.斯托克曼)〔commentary〕a scandal that is a sad commentary on national politics.这件丑闻为国内的政客下了悲哀的注脚〔Wheeler〕American Confederate general and politician. One of the South's most popular and aggressive commanders, he later served as U.S. representative from Georgia (1881-1883 and 1885-1900) and sought reconciliation between the North and South.惠勤，约瑟夫：(1836-1906) 美国南部邦联的将军及政客，作为南部最受欢迎及最具有攻击力的指挥官之一，他后来就任乔治亚洲的众议员(1881－1883年及1885－1900年间），曾努力寻求南北方之间的和解〔work〕The politician worked the crowd. The comedian worked the room with flawless rhythm.政客游说观众。戏剧演员用完美无缺的节拍影响了全屋的人〔challenged〕an ethically challenged politician.一位在道德上有缺陷的政客〔expediency〕an ambitious politician, guided by expediency rather than principle.一个有野心的政客，常为自身利益而不是原则来指导〔sign〕"Retired politicians often sign on with top-dollar law firms"(New York Times)“退休的政客经常受雇于一些有钱的法律事务所”(纽约时报)〔asleep〕politicians who are asleep to the needs of their constituents.对选民的需要漠不关心的政客〔doubt〕doubts politicians when they make sweeping statements.不信任政客含糊其词的声明〔Castro〕Venezuelan soldier and politician who was president from 1902 to 1908, when he was suspended by the congress for his dictatorial policies.卡斯特罗，奇普里亚诺：(1858?-1924) 委内瑞拉军人和政客，1902年至1908年任总统，1908年因其独裁政策而被国会停职〔peanut〕peanut politicians.微不足道的政客们〔snollygoster〕One, especially a politician, who is guided by personal advantage rather than by consistent, respectable principles.精明人：以个人优势而不是以连续持久，受人拥护的原则而行动的人，尤指这样的政客 |
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