| 单词 | 政治上 |
| 释义 | 〔invisible〕"The poor are politically invisible"(Michael Harrington)“穷人是政治上的盲点”(迈克尔·哈林顿)〔puppet〕a political puppet.一个政治上的傀儡〔pregnant〕"It was a politically pregnant time in Poland"(New York)“这是波兰政治上极为重要的时刻”(纽约)〔Caesarism〕Military or imperial dictatorship; political authoritarianism.军国主义：军队或帝王的独裁政权；政治上的专制主义〔conservative〕A supporter of political conservatism.保守党人：政治上保守主义的支持者〔Laud〕English prelate who as archbishop of Canterbury (1633-1645) was a strident supporter of Charles I and absolutism in church and state. His attempts to impose High Church doctrine on Protestants in Scotland and England led to his imprisonment and execution for treason by Parliament.劳德，威廉：(1573-1645) 英国高级教士，在他担任坎特伯雷大主教期间(1633-1645年）曾是查理一世的忠诚支持者，是宗教上和政治上的专制主义者。他企图把高教派教义强加给苏格兰和英格兰新教徒的尝试把他送进了牢狱，并以背叛国会罪被处死〔Bristol〕Two cities on the Tennessee-Virginia line east-northeast of Kingsport, Tennessee. The communities, though politically independent, are an economic unit and share a main thoroughfare along the state boundary. Population, 23,421 (Tennessee) and 18,426 (Virginia).布里斯托尔：美国田纳西州和弗吉尼亚州边境上，田纳西州的金斯波特东北偏东的两座城市。尽管政治上独立，两个社区在经济上是统一体，沿州界共用一条主街。人口23,421（田纳西）和18,426（弗吉尼亚）〔free〕Having political independence:独立自主的：有政治上的独立权的：〔swerve〕veered the conversation away from politics. 把谈话从政治上引开 〔out〕One that is out, especially one who is out of power.在野者：在外的人，尤指政治上的在野派〔gulag〕A forced labor camp or prison, especially for political dissidents.政治犯集中营：劳改集中营或监狱，尤指关押政治上持不同政见者〔subcontinent〕A large landmass, such as India, that is part of a continent but is considered either geographically or politically as an independent entity.次州：一大陆被认为是在地理上或政治上独立的广阔公区，如印度〔alien〕Owing political allegiance to another country or government; foreign:外国的：政治上效忠于另一个国家或政府的；外国的：〔deal〕An agreement often arranged secretly, as in business or politics.协议：经常秘密签订的协定，如生意上或政治上的协定〔featherweight〕a political featherweight.政治上无足轻重的人〔abhor〕"The problem with Establishment Republicans is they abhor the unseemliness of a political brawl"(Patrick J. Buchanan)“共和党人的问题是他们厌恶全无体统的政治上的争斗”(帕特里克J.比沙南)〔ultraism〕Extremism, especially in politics or government; radicalism.激进主义：极端主义，尤指政治上或政府中；激进主义〔Siqueiros〕Mexican mural painter whose works depict political protest and revolution. His best-known painting is the muralThe March of Humanity (1968) in Mexico City. 斯奎罗斯，戴维·阿尔法罗：(1896?-1974) 墨西哥壁画画家，他的作品主旨在于政治上的抗争与革命。其最著名的作品是收藏于墨西哥城的壁画《人性的征途》 （1968年） 〔freedom〕Political independence.独立自主：政治上的独立〔conservatism〕The inclination, especially in politics, to maintain the existing or traditional order.保守倾向：（尤指政治上）维持现存的或传统秩序的倾向〔Jameson〕South African physician and colonial administrator whose unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Boer government of Transvaal (1895) led to the political fall of Cecil Rhodes.詹姆森，利恩德·斯塔尔：(1853-1917) 南非内科医生和殖民地行政长官，他企图推翻德兰士瓦的布尔政府的失败行动(1895年）导致了塞西尔·罗兹政治上的失败〔every〕Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in formbut felt to be plural in sense.The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced byevery, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has (not have ) been tested. Anyone is (not are ) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced byevery, grammar and sense pull in different directions.The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but people persist in using the plural pronoun,as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups,it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. ·The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, however.The first is grammatical.When a pronoun refers to a phrase containingevery or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular.Thus it is simply not English to sayEvery man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can one sayNo one could be seen, could he? Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must find another way of expressing their meaning,either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as inEvery man left, taking his raincoat with him ) or by substituting another word forevery or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. ) · The second complication is political.When a phrase introduced byevery or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun?This matter is discussed in the Usage Note athe. See Usage Note at all ,any ,each ,either ,he 1neither ,none Every 是一大类英语单词和短语的代表， 它们在形式上是单数的，但在意义上感觉起来却是复数。例如，这一类词中所包括的由every，any 和某些用法中的 some 所引导的名词短语。 这些短语毫无例外的跟单数动词，我们说每辆车都已 （不是 have ） 被测试过。 每个人都（不是 are ） 会生病 。 但是当一个句子中包括一个由先行词every 引导的代词时， 从句法和意义上就要区分不同的情况了。象每一辆车必须测试它的制动器 这样的表达法在语法上要求使用一单数代词， 但人们总习惯于用复数代词，象Every car must have their brakes tested 这样。 虽然后面这种形式在各种团体的讲话中非常普遍，但它在写作中仍广泛地被认为是语法上的错误。无论如何，坚持语法规则的努力总会导致各种各样的复杂问题。首先是语法上的复杂性。当一个代词指代一个短语，而这个短语中包括every 或 any 属于另一个与此代词所在子句不同的独立子句中时， 这个代词不能用单数形式。因此很容易理解英国人为何不说每个人离开时，都拿着各自的雨衣 ， 也不说没有人会被看到，不是吗？ 。 不愿意在这些例子中用复数形式的书写者必须找到另外一种表达他们意思的方法，或者可以通过重新改变句子的说法以使代词与其指代的短语同属一个从句中（如Every man left， taking his raincoat with him ）， 或者通过以另一个词代替every 或 any 的方法（如 All the man left；they took their raincoats with them ）。 第二是政治上的复杂性。当一个被every 或 any 引导的短语指代的一个团体中既有男人又有女人时， 单数代词的词性怎么确定呢？这个问题在单词he的用法说明中将被讨论 参见 all,any,each,either,he1neither,none〔censor〕A person authorized to examine books, films, or other material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable.审查员：负责审查书籍、电影或其他材料并删去或削减其中被认为在道德上、政治上或其他方面有不宜内容的人〔henchman〕A person who supports a political figure chiefly out of selfish interests.（政治上的）支持者：主要出于自身利益的原因而支持某一政治人物的人〔Mather〕American clergyman and writer. He and his sonCotton (1663-1728) exerted great theological and political influence on the colony of Massachusetts through their staunch Puritanism and prolific writing. 马瑟，英克里斯：(1639-1723) 美国神职人员、作家。他与其子科顿 (1663-1728年）共同的坚定的宗教信仰和他们的大量文章对马萨诸塞殖民地在神学和政治上产生极大的影响 〔Smith〕British religious leader and writer known for his witty polemics, especially his defense of the political emancipation of Catholics in England.史密斯，悉尼：(1771-1845) 英国宗教领袖和作家，以其机智的辩论而著称，特别是他为在英国从政治上解放天主教徒所作的辩护〔Montmorency〕French marshal. A politically powerful nobleman, he fought in numerous battles against Spain, the Huguenots, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.蒙莫朗西，安妮·德：(1493-1567) 法国陆军元帅。他是政治上很有势力的贵族，曾多次参加反对西班牙、胡格诺派教徒和神圣罗马帝国查尔五世的战役〔estrange〕Political disagreements led to quarrels that finally estranged the two friends.政治上的不同观点使两个朋友争执，最后终于导致破裂；〔Yuchi〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting northern Georgia and eastern Tennessee, politically included in the Creek confederacy since the 19th century.尤奇族：一支美洲土著人，原先居住在乔治亚州北部和田纳西州东部，19世纪以来，政治上归属克里克联盟〔right〕The people and groups who advocate the adoption of conservative or reactionary measures, especially in government and politics. Also called right wing 右翼分子：支持使用保守的或反动的措施的人或组织，尤指政府中或政治上的 也作 right wing〔skeptical〕a skeptical attitude; skeptical of political promises.怀疑的观点；对政治上的许诺产生怀疑〔colony〕Abbr. col.A region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency.缩写 col.殖民地：政治上被一个远方国家控制的地区；属地〔sideline〕the political sidelines.政治上的观望者〔in〕a life in politics; the officer in command.政治上的生涯；指挥官〔Tory〕Often tory A supporter of traditional political and social institutions against the forces of democratization or reform; a political conservative. 常作 tory 保守主义者；顽固派：留恋过去的政治和社会体制，反对民主或改革力量的人；政治上的保守主义者〔logrolling〕The exchanging of political favors, especially the trading of influence or votes among legislators to achieve passage of projects that are of interest to one another.互投赞成票：交换政治上的赞同意见，尤指议员之间的政治影响或选票交易，目的在于促成对彼此都有利的议案的通过〔condominium〕A politically dependent territory.政治上共管的地区〔faithful〕 Faithful andloyal both suggest undeviating attachment; the words are often interchangeable,thoughloyal is the term more often applied to political allegiance: Faithful 和loyal 都含有对感情的忠贞； 两个单词可以互换，但loyal 更强调政治上的绝对效忠： 〔brainwashing〕Intensive, forcible indoctrination, usually political or religious, aimed at destroying a person's basic convictions and attitudes and replacing them with an alternative set of fixed beliefs.洗脑：集中的强制的灌输，通常是政治上的或宗教上的，目的在于摧毁一个人的最基本的信仰和态度，以另一套固定信仰取而代之〔conspiracy〕Political intrigue prevented her from becoming her party's candidate.政治上的勾心斗角使她未能成为她所在政党的候选人。 |
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