| 单词 | 政治性 |
| 释义 | 〔pasquinade〕A satire or lampoon, especially one that ridicules a specific person, traditionally written and posted in a public place.讽刺文章，（政治性）讽刺作品：讽刺文章或略带挖苦性的作品，尤指嘲讽某一特定的人的作品，常常写在或张帖在公共场合〔semipolitical〕Political in some aspects or activities.半政治的：在某些方面或活动上具有政治性的〔Johnson〕The 17th President of the United States (1865-1869). Elected Vice President (1864), he succeeded the assassinated Abraham Lincoln as President. His administration was marked by reconstruction policies in the South and the purchase of Alaska (1867). An attempt to unseat Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson's impeachment on purely political charges brought by Republican senators (1868). Johnson was acquitted by one vote.约翰逊，安德鲁：(1808-1875) 美国第17任总统(1865-1869年）。他于1864年当选副总统，在阿伯拉罕·林肯遇刺后继任总统。他执政时推行南部重建政策，并于1867年买下了阿拉斯加。因试图罢免国防部长埃德温·斯坦顿，约翰逊还受到共和国参议员们关于纯粹政治性原因的指控(1868年）。约翰逊在一次投票后被宣告无罪〔manifestation〕A public demonstration, usually of a political nature.示威：一个公众示威活动，通常具有政治性〔political〕"Calling a meeting is a political act in itself"(Daniel Goleman)“召开会议本身就是一种政治性行为”(丹尼尔·戈曼)〔Beuys〕German artist who attempted to convey his highly politicized views through sculpture, drawings, and performance art.博伊于斯，约瑟夫：(1921-1986) 德国艺术家，试图通过雕塑、绘画和表演艺术传达其高度政治性观点〔Vanzetti〕Italian-born American anarchist who with Nicola Sacco was convicted of a double murder and sentenced to death (1921). Despite the circumstantial nature of the evidence against them and worldwide protest at the political overtones of the proceedings, the two were executed in 1927.万泽蒂，巴托洛米奥：(1888-1927) 意大利裔的美国无政府主义者，他和尼克勒萨克被证明犯有双重谋杀罪并于1921年被判处死刑。尽管不利于他们的证据具有偶然性，并且全球普遍抗议对此事的诉讼程序实行政治性暗示，这两人仍于1927年被处决〔politicalize〕To politicize.使政治化，使具有政治性〔Mazzini〕Italian patriot who spurred the movement for an independent, unified Italy with his political writings and machinations, conducted mostly from exile in London.马志尼，朱森珀：(1805-1872) 意大利爱国者，以其政治性文章和秘密策划推行独立、统一的意大利的运动，大部分是在伦敦流亡期间实施的〔political〕Relating to, involving, or characteristic of politics, parties, or politicians:政治性的：关于、涉及政治、政党或政治家的；或有这些特征的：〔Rand〕Russian-born American writer primarily known for her polemical novels, such asThe Fountainhead (1943), which defend political conservatism. 兰特，艾因：(1905-1982) 美籍俄裔作家，主要以其政治性小说而出名，如《泉水源头》 （1943年），该小说为政治上的保守主义辩护 〔ax〕To understand the origin of the idiomax to grind, we need to know thatgrind means "to sharpen.” This phrase is said to have come from a story by the 19th-century journalist Charles Miner (alias Poor Robert) about a seemingly friendly manwho was able by flattery to persuade a young boy to turn a grindstone for him.The tale first appeared in the Luzerne, Pennsylvania,Federalist on September 7, 1810, under the title "Who'll Turn Grindstones?” and later in an 1815 book entitledEssays from the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe. Because "Poor Robert" was confused with "Poor Richard,”the story has often been erroneously attributed to Benjamin Franklin.The idiom itself is an Americanism—a word or expression originating in the United States.It was at first restricted to political contexts,but quotations from James Joyce ("Skin-the-Goat . . . evidently with an axe to grind, was airing his grievances")and George Bernard Shaw ("distinguished statesmen of different nations . . . each with a national axe to grind") attest that the phrase has traveled abroad and,as we know only too well, is no longer found only in political contexts.为了理解成语ax to grind 的出处， 我们需要知道grind 意思是“磨尖”。 这个短语据说出自19世纪旅行家查尔斯·麦纳（别名穷罗伯特）所写的关于一个似乎很友善的人的故事，他能够奉承地劝说一名男孩为他翻过一块磨光石。这个传说第一次出现在1810年9月7日宾夕法尼亚州的卢泽恩，在1810年9月7日题为“谁将推翻磨石”的联邦制拥护者 中提到， 之后1815年又在名为作家穷·罗伯特文集 一书中提到。 因为"poor Robert和"poor Richard"易被弄混淆，这个故事经常被错误地认为是本杰明·弗兰克林创作的。这个成语本身是美国式的词或表达源于美国。一开始被限于在政治性言词的情况中使用，但是从以下的引文表明这个短语已广泛地传播，一个是引于詹姆斯·琼斯（“这个显然别有企图的披着人皮的狼，正在诉苦”），另一个引自乔治·萧伯纳（“辨认出不同国家的人…每个国家都有自己国家的打算”），正如我们所熟知的，它不会只在政治性言论的上下文间才可以找到的 |
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