| 单词 | 故事集 |
| 释义 | 〔Perrault〕French writer. HisContes de ma Mère l'Oye (c. 1697) includes "Tom Thumb" and "Sleeping Beauty.” 佩罗，查尔斯：(1628-1703) 法国作家。他的《鹅妈妈故事集》 （1697年）包括“大拇指汤姆”和“睡美人” 〔legend〕A body or collection of such stories.民间传说（传奇），传奇文学：这种故事或故事集〔Lewis〕British writer and critic. His works includeThe Allegory of Love (1936) and a series of fictional books for children collectively known as The Chronicles of Narnia (1950-1956). 刘易斯，克（莱武）·斯（特普尔斯）：(1898-1963) 英国作家和文学评论家。著作包括《爱情寓言》 （1936年）和一系列儿童故事集，合称 《纳尼亚记事》 （1950年至1956年） 〔Kipling〕British writer whose major works, including the short story "The Man Who Would Be King" (1889), a collection of children's stories,The Jungle Book (1894), and the novel Kim (1901), are set in British-occupied India. He won the 1907 Nobel Prize for literature. 吉卜林，（约瑟夫）卢迪亚：(1865-1936) 英国作家，其主要作品包括短篇小说“想当皇帝的人”（1889年），儿童故事集《丛林故事》 （1894），以及描述英国占领下的印度的小说 《吉姆》 （1901）。他获得1907年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Chaucer〕English poet regarded as the greatest literary figure of medieval England. His works includeThe Book of the Duchess (1369), Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385), and his masterwork, The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400). 乔叟，杰弗里：(1340?-1400) 英国诗人，被认为是中世纪英国最伟大的文学家。他的作品包括《公爵夫人之书》 （1369年）， 《特洛伊拉斯和克莱希斯》 （C.1385年）以及他的杰作 《坎特伯雷故事集》 （1387-1400年） 〔bestiary〕A modern version of such a collection.这样一个故事集的现代版本〔ax〕Ax, a common nonstandard variant of ask, is often identified as an especially salient feature of African American Vernacular English. While it is true that the form is frequent in the speech of African Americans, it used to be common in the speech of white Americans as well, especially in New England. This should not be surprising since ax is a very old word in English, having been used in England for over 1,000 years. In Old English we find both āscian and ācsian, and in Middle English both asken and axen. Moreover, the forms with cs or x had no stigma associated with them. Chaucer used asken and axen interchangeably, as in the lines "I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf" and "Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle,” both from The Canterbury Tales. The forms in x arose from the forms in sk by a linguistic process called metathesis, in which two sounds are reversed. The x thus represents (ks), the flipped version of (sk). Metathesis is a common linguistic process around the world and does not arise from a defect in speaking. Nevertheless, ax has become stigmatized as substandard—a fate that has befallen other words, like ain't, that were once perfectly acceptable in literate circles. ask 的一般非标准变体 ax 常被认为是美国黑人英语极为显著的特色。尽管美国黑人在交谈中的确使用ax这种形式，但美国白人也在口语中普遍使用它，尤其是新英格兰的白人。不必对此表示惊奇，因为 ax 是个很古老的英语词汇，在英语中至少使用了1000年以上。古英语中有 āscian 和 ācsian, ，中古英语中有 asken 和 axen 。而且，带 cs 或 x 的形式同不好的含义无关。乔叟在下文中交替使用 asken 和 axen ："I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf（我问道，这是真是幻/将成为我的妻子）”和"Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle（人们问他，会降临什么）”，这两句话都出自 《坎特伯利故事集》 。带 sk 的形式经由 换位 的语言过程产生带 x 的形式，换位就是将两个音位置颠倒。因此 x 表示(ks)的发音，即(sk)的翻转发音。换位是世界通用的语言过程并且不会造成交谈中的欠缺。但 ax 已被记作非标准用法──同样降临在曾一度被知识界完全接受的其它单词（如 ain't ）的命运 〔bestiary〕A medieval collection of stories providing physical and allegorical descriptions of real or imaginary animals along with an interpretation of the moral significance each animal was thought to embody. A number of common misconceptions relating to natural history were preserved in these popular accounts.动物寓言：一部中世纪故事集，用现实或寓言形式描写真实存在或想象中的动物，并赋予每一种被认为具体化的动物以道德意义上的解释。一些有关自然史的普遍错误概念被保存于这些流行故事中〔canter〕Most of those who have majored in English literature,and many more besides,know that Chaucer'sCanterbury Tales were told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury to visit the shrine of England's famous martyr Thomas à Becket.Many pilgrims other than Chaucer's visited Canterbury on horse,and phrases such asCanterbury gallop, Canterbury pace, and Canterbury trot described the easy gait at which they rode to their destination. The first recorded instance of one of these phrases,Canterbury pace, is found in a work published before 1636. However, in a work written in 1631 we find a shortened form,the nounCanterbury, meaning "a canter,” and later, in 1673,the verbCanterbury, meaning "to canter.” This verb, or perhaps the noun,was further shortened, giving us the verbcanter, first recorded in 1706,and the nouncanter, first recorded in 1755. 专业是英语文学史的绝大多数人，还有许多其他的人，都知道乔叟的 坎特伯雷故事集 是由一群朝圣者在坎特伯雷的路上讲述的， 他们去那里是为了瞻仰英格兰著名的殉道士托马斯· 贝科特的神殿。除了乔叟笔下的这些朝圣者外的许多其他朝圣者也骑着马前去。一些短语，例如Canterbury gallop，Canterbury pace 和 Canterbury trot 描述了这些朝圣者在骑往他们的目的地时的缓和步态。 这些短语最早见于记录的例子Canterbury pace 发现于1636年之前出版的一部著作中。 然而，在写于1631年的一部著作中我们找到了一个缩略的形式，名词Canterbuty， 意即“慢跑”； 后来在1673年，又有了动词Canterbury, 意为“慢跑。” 这一动词，或者也许是这个名词，后来又被进一步缩写成canter, 该动词最早被记录于1706年，而名词canter 则被最早记录于1755年 〔Cooperstown〕A residential village of east-central New York west-southwest of Schenectady. It was founded in 1787 by William Cooper, the father of James Fenimore Cooper, who used the region as the setting for hisLeatherstocking Tales. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is here. Population, 2,342. 库珀斯敦：美国纽约州中东部的一个住宅区村庄，位于斯克内克塔迪西南偏西方。1787年由威廉·库珀创建，其子詹姆斯·菲尼莫尔·库珀以这个地区作为他的《皮袜子故事集》 一书的背景。全国棒球荣誉博物馆就位于这里。人口2,342 〔Welty〕American writer known for her tales of rural Southern life. Her works include collections of stories, such asThe Golden Apples (1949), and novels, notably The Ponder Heart (1954). 韦尔蒂，欧多拉：(生于 1909) 美国作家。因其描述南方农村生活的故事而著名。她的作品有故事集，如《金苹果》 （1949年），和小说，其中有名的有 《沉思的心》 （1954年） 〔Lamb〕British critic and essayist. With his sisterMary Ann Lamb (1764-1847) he wrote the children's book Tales from Shakespeare (1807). 兰姆，查尔斯：(1775-1834) 英国评论家和散文家。同他的姐姐玛丽·安·兰姆 （1764-1847年）合写过儿童读物 《莎士比亚故事集》 （1807年） 〔Hariri〕Arabian poet and scholar remembered for hisMaqamat, a collection of discourses. 哈里里：(1561-1612) 阿拉伯诗人和学者，以故事集《玛卡梅》 而闻名 |
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