| 单词 | 效率 |
| 释义 | 〔spontaneous〕"The highest and best form of efficiency is the spontaneous cooperation of a free people" (Woodrow Wilson). “效率的最高和最好的形式是让人们自由地协作” （伍德罗·威尔森）。〔maintain〕To keep in a condition of good repair or efficiency:保养：使…保持在良好的修缮和效率状态中：〔efficiency〕The ratio of the effective or useful output to the total input in any system.效率：在某一系统中有效的或有用的产出与总投入的比率〔work〕To increase one's skill, responsibility, efficiency, or status through work:逐步发展，逐步进步：通过工作提高某人的技巧、责任、效率或地位：〔together〕To unify and harmonize one's resources so as to perform with maximal effectiveness.集中心思：联合和协调自己的力量以最大的效率行动〔operation〕That restaurant is quite an operation.这家餐馆营运效率很高〔redeploy〕To shift (something) from one place or use to another for greater effectiveness:重新调配：为了更高的效率而把（某物）从一处或某种用途换至另一处或另一种用途：〔fine〕Trained to the highest degree of physical efficiency:训练有术的：为达到身体效率的极限而进行的训练的：〔advance〕To raise in amount or rate; increase.提高，增加：在数量或效率上提高；增加〔streamline〕To improve the appearance or efficiency of; modernize.使现代化：改善…的表面或效率；使现代化〔efficiency〕The program was implemented with great efficiency and speed.项目以极大的效率和速度被实施〔unable〕Lacking mental or physical capability or efficiency; incompetent:无能力的：缺乏智力或体力方面的能力或效率；不能胜任的：〔powerhouse〕She is an editorial powerhouse.她是个效率很高的编辑〔minimal〕Under the strict interpretation ofminimal, this sentence should mean only "Alcohol has an unpleasant effect when I have eaten nothing.”If the looser interpretation is allowed, however,the sentence can also mean “ . . . when I have eaten a bit.”Presented with the sentence, 29 percent of the Usage Panel said that it could have only the "eaten nothing" (that is, the strict) interpretation;34 percent said that it could have only the "eaten a bit" (that is, the looser) interpretation;and 37 percent said that it could have either meaning.Thus the looser sense ofminimal is accepted by 71 percent of the Panel and must be considered acceptable in nontechnical use. · In an analogous shift,the verbminimize is often used to mean "to reduce,” an extension of its strict etymological sense of "to reduce to the smallest possible level.”This looser usage is the result of the imprecision that usually attaches to the use of the verb in most nontechnical contexts.When a manager announces thatThe company wants to minimize the risk of accidents to line workers, we naturally interpret the manager as meaning that the risk is to be reduced to the smallest level consistent with considerations of efficiency and cost,not that risks are to be reduced to the lowest level logically possible.Even when used with allowable imprecision, however, the verbminimize should carry some implication that the relevant quantity is reduced as much as could reasonably be expected in the circumstances.Thusminimize retains at least an approximately superlative sense and so is inconsistent with modification by adverbs such asgreatly or considerably, which imply that the verb is being used as a simple synonym forlessen or reduce. 若句中的minimal 的意思比较严格， 那么这一句就只能理解为“当我什么没吃时喝酒会搞得我很难受。”但是如果比较宽泛的词义得到承认，那么这一句同时也有“…当我吃过一点东西时”这层意思。百分之二十九的用法专题使用小组成员认为这一词只能当“什么都不吃”（即严格意义上的词义）来讲；百分之三十四的成员说它只有“吃过一点”（即宽泛一些的）词义；百分之三十七的成员说两种含义都可适用。所以minimal 宽泛的含义被用法专题使用小组的百分之七十一的成员接受。 与其相类似的是，动词minimize 经常被用来指“减少”， 是其“减少到最可能小的水平”的严格意义上的延伸。这一较宽泛的含义是非技术性文章使用这一动词的不精确性而带来的结果。当一个经理宣称公司试图将生产线上工人面临出事故的风险降至最低， 我们自然会认为经理的意思是工厂的事故风险将被降至一个同时又考虑效率和成本的最小程度，而不是逻辑上可以达到的最低程度。即使在可以允许不精确的程度内使用时，动词mininize 也应有一层隐含的意思， 即其相对数量已被减少到了情况所期望的合理的程度。这样，minimize 至少仍然保留着一种大致为最高级的意思， 因而它与这些副词如greatly 或 considerably 不能搭配使用， 因为这些副词暗示着这一动词被当成了lessen 或 reduce 简单同义词而使用 〔effete〕Depleted of vitality, force, or effectiveness; exhausted:枯竭的：缺乏生气、气力或效率的；精疲力竭的：〔unchecked〕Not checked for accuracy, efficiency, or flaws:未经检验的：未受精确性，效率或缺陷待方面检查： |
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