| 单词 | 教皇 |
| 释义 | 〔papal〕Of, relating to, or issued by a pope:教皇的：教皇的，与教皇有关的或由教皇发布的：〔pontifical〕Having the dignity, pomp, or authority of a pontiff or a bishop.有教皇权威的，有教皇身份的：具有一位教皇或一名主教的尊严、华贵或权威的〔pontifical〕Relating to, characteristic of, or suitable for a pope or a bishop.教皇的，主教的：关于或适于教皇或主教的；具有教皇或主教特征的〔papal〕the papal succession; a papal bull.教皇的世袭；教皇的训令〔pontifical〕from pontifex pontific- [pontifex] * see pontifex 源自 pontifex pontific- [教皇或大祭司] * 参见 pontifex〔pontifical〕from Latin pontificālis [of a pontifex] 源自 拉丁语 pontificālis [教皇或大祭司的] 〔pontificate〕from Latin pontifex [pontifex] 源自 拉丁语 pontifex [大祭司，教皇] 〔meaning〕"The central meaning of his pontificate is to restore papal authority"(Conor Cruise O'Brien)“他任职教皇的中心意图就是要恢复教皇权力”(康纳·克鲁斯·奥布赖恩)〔papacy〕The office and jurisdiction of a pope.教皇的职位：教皇的职位和管辖权〔indult〕A faculty granted by the pope to deviate from the common law of the Church.特许：由教皇特批的超越一般宗教法则的特权〔Rome〕The capital and largest city of Italy, in the west-central part of the country on the Tiber River. Traditionally founded by Romulus and Remus, it was ruled first by Etruscans, who were overthrown c. 500b.c. The Roman Republic gradually extended its territory and expanded its influence, giving way to the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus (27 b.c. - a.d. 14). As capital of the empire, Rome was considered the center of the known world, but the city declined when Constantine transferred his capital to Byzantium (323). Alaric I conquered the city in 410, leading to a lengthy period of devastation by barbarian tribes. In the Middle Ages the city revived as the spiritual and temporal power of the papacy increased. During the 1800's Rome was held at various times by the French until it became the capital of Italy in 1871. Vatican City remains an independent enclave within the confines of Rome. Population, 2,830,569. 罗马：意大利的首都及最大城市，在该国中西部，濒临台伯河。传统上认为罗马由罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯创建，伊特鲁里亚人最先统治罗马，并于公元前 500年被推翻。罗马共和国逐渐扩展领土和扩大势力，在奥古斯都( 公元前 27年- 公元 14年）统治时期成为罗马帝国。罗马作为帝国的首都，被认为是世界的中心，当康斯坦丁把国都迁往拜占庭后(323年），罗马衰落了。阿拉里克一世于410年征服了罗马从而使野蛮部落给罗马带来长期毁灭性的灾难。中世纪时，随着教皇宗教和世俗权力的上升，罗马又恢复了生机。19世纪期间，罗马不时受到法国人的统治，直至1871成为意大利的首都。梵蒂冈仍为罗马境内独立的外国领地。人口2,830,569 〔popedom〕The office, jurisdiction, or tenure of a pope; the papacy.罗马教皇职位：（天主教）教皇的职位、权力或任期；罗马教皇统治〔Borgia〕Italian family, influential from the 14th to the 16th century, that included the son and daughter of Pope Alexander VI.Cesare (1475?-1507), a religious, military, and political leader, was the model for Machiavelli's The Prince. Lucrezia (1489-1519), the Duchess of Ferrara, was a patron of learning and the arts. 博基亚家族：意大利家族，在14到16世纪间十分有影响力，包括教皇亚历山大六世的儿子和女儿凯撒 （1475？-1507年），为一宗教、军事和政治领袖，系马基雅弗利著的 《君王论》 的描写对象 卢克利齐亚 （1489-1519年），为费拉拉公爵夫人，是学问和艺术的资助者 〔antipope〕pāpa [pope] * see pope pāpa [教皇] * 参见 pope〔despot〕An Eastern Orthodox bishop or patriarch.东正教教皇或教士〔pontificate〕from pontifex pontific- [pontifex] * see pontifex 源自 pontifex pontific- [大祭司，教皇] * 参见 pontifex〔Medici〕Italian noble family that produced three popes (Leo X, Clement VII, and Leo XI) and two queens of France (Catherine de Médicis and Marie de Médicis).Cosimo "the Elder" (1389-1464) was the first of the family to rule Florence. Lorenzo "the Magnificent" (1449-1492) was an outstanding patron of learning and the arts, whose clients included Michelangelo and Botticelli. 美第奇家族：出了三个教皇（利奥十世，克莱蒙七世及利奥十一世及两个法国皇后凯瑟琳·美第奇和玛丽·美第奇）的意大利贵族家庭。“大”科西莫 (1389-1464年）是这个家庭中第一个统治佛罗伦萨的人。“高贵的” 洛伦索 (1449-1492年）是一位杰出的学者与艺术家的赞助人，受到其赞助的包括米开朗基罗和波提比利 〔Savonarola〕Italian reformer. A Dominican friar, he gained a vast popular following and drove the Medici family out of Florence in 1494. He was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing Pope Alexander VI.萨佛纳罗拉，吉罗拉默：(1452-1498) 意大利改革家。多明我修道会的托钵修士，他有大量追随者，在1494年将梅第奇家族逐出佛罗伦萨。他后来因批评教皇亚历山大六世而被逐出教会并处死〔conclave〕The private rooms in which the cardinals meet to elect a new pope.天主教选举的秘密场所：红衣主教聚在一起选举新教皇的秘密场所〔purple〕The rank or office of a bishop.教皇的地位或身份〔dark〕"It [gold] serves what life requires,/But dreadful too, the dark Assassin hires" (Alexander Pope).“它 为生活的需要服务，但是也是可怕的，成为邪恶的暗杀团体成员的雇金” （亚历山大教皇）。〔conclave〕The meeting held to elect a new pope.选举新教皇的会议〔camerlingo〕The cardinal who manages the pope's secular affairs.教皇代理人：负责管理教皇的非宗教事务的枢机主教〔Jansen〕Dutch theologian whose teachings were deemed heretical by Pope Urban VIII (1642) and influenced Jean Racine and Blaise Pascal.詹森，康奈利斯：(1585-1638) 荷兰天主教神学家，他的学说在1642年被教皇圣乌尔班八世定为异端学说，对让·拉辛和布莱斯·帕斯卡有一定影响〔Canossa〕A village of north-central Italy in the Apennines. In January 1077 the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV did penance in the castle here to obtain a pardon from his excommunication by Pope Gregory VII.卡诺萨：意大利中北部一村庄，位于亚平宁山脉。1077年1月神圣罗马帝国的亨利四世在这里的一个城堡中忏悔，以期从教皇格列高利七世对他的逐出教会的惩罚得到宽恕〔pontifical〕pontificals The vestments and insignia of a pontiff or a bishop. pontificals 主教的祭服，主教的徽章：教皇或主教的法衣或徽章〔ultramontane〕Supporting the authority of the papal court over national or diocesan authority.教皇至上论的：支持教皇法庭的权力超越国家或教区权力的〔Quirinal〕One of the seven hills of ancient Rome, traditionally occupied by the Sabines. A papal palace was built here in the 16th century and served as the residence of Italian kings from 1870 to 1946.奎里纳尔山：古罗马七座小山中的一座，据传说被萨宾人占据。16世纪在此建立了一座教皇宫殿。从1870年至1946是一直作为意大利国王的住所〔Torquemada〕Spanish Dominican monk who was appointed grand inquisitor by Pope Innocent VIII (1487). Under his authority, thousands of Jews, suspected witches, and others were killed or tortured during the Spanish Inquisition.托尔克马达，托马斯·德：(1420-1498) 西班牙多米尼加派教士，1487年被教皇英诺森八世任命为宗教总裁判官。在其统治期间，在西班牙宗教大审判中，成千上万的犹太人，被怀疑为巫婆和其他人一起遭到杀害〔Marche〕A region of east-central Italy extending from the eastern slopes of the Apennines to the Adriatic Sea. Colonized by Rome in the 3rd centuryb.c. , it was under papal control for much of the period from the 16th to the 19th century. 马奇：位于意大利中部偏东，从亚平宁山脉东坡到亚里亚海的一个地区。公元前 3世纪成为罗马的殖民地，在16世纪到19世纪的大部分时间里，该地区为教皇所控制 〔tiara〕The triple crown worn by the pope.教皇所戴的三重冕〔More〕English politician, humanist scholar, and writer who refused to comply with the Act of Supremacy, by which English subjects were enjoined to recognize Henry VIII's authority over the pope, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London and beheaded for treason. His political essayUtopia (1516), speculates about life under an ideal government. More was canonized in 1935. 莫尔，托马斯：(1478-1535) 英国政治家、人文主义学者和作家，拒绝遵守行为至上的法令，这一法令强迫英国臣民承认亨利八世的权威在教皇之上，后来他被囚禁在伦敦塔内直至以叛国罪为名被斩首。他的政治论文《乌托邦》 （1516年）构想了一种理想政府之下的生活。莫尔在1935年被封为圣徒 〔Rimini〕A city of northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea south-southeast of Ravenna. Founded by Umbrians, it became a strategic Roman military base after the third centuryb.c. Rimini was ruled as part of the Papal States from 1509 to 1860. Population, 126,949. 里米尼：意大利北部一城市，位于亚得里亚海沿岸、拉维那东南偏南，由翁布里亚建立，公元前 3世纪以后，它成为罗马的一个战略性军事基地。从1509年到1860年，里米尼一直被当作教皇辖地的一部分而统治。人口126,949 〔bulla〕A round seal affixed to a papal bull.印玺：一个圆形的教皇的正式宣布训令或法令的封印〔antipope〕A person claiming to be or elected pope in opposition to the one chosen by church law, as during a schism.伪教皇：在教会分立中宣称教皇或被选为教皇的人，与教会律法选出的教皇对立〔poplin〕from Late Latin pāpa [pope] * see pope 源自 后期拉丁语 pāpa [教皇] * 参见 pope〔ultramontane〕Relating to or supporting the doctrine of papal supremacy.支持或和教皇至上教义有关的〔Rienzi〕Italian revolutionary leader who installed himself as dictator of Rome (1347) but was quickly ousted at the bidding of the pope. In his second attempt to rule (1354), he was killed by a mob.里恩基，科拉·迪：(1313?-1354) 意大利革命领导人，他曾于1347年任罗马独裁者，但在教皇的要求下很快被推翻。在第二次企图统治中(1354年），被暴民杀死〔pontificate〕The office or term of office of a pontiff.教皇的职位或任期〔ultramontanism〕The policy that absolute authority in the Church should be vested in the pope.教宗至上论：教会中的绝对权力援于教皇的政策 |
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