| 单词 | 教育 |
| 释义 | 〔Whitman〕American frontier missionary who with his wifeNarcissa Prentiss (1808-1847) established a missionary post in the Oregon region (1836), where they introduced Christianity, schooling, and medical advances to the Native Americans. 惠特曼，马库斯：(1802-1847) 美国边远地区携带妻子的传教士纳西萨·普伦蒂斯 (1808—1847年），在俄勒冈地区建立了一个传教地(1836年），在那里向美国土著人介绍基督教、教育和医术 〔provincial〕"Well-educated professional women . . made me feel uncomfortably provincial"(J.R. Salamanca)“受过良好教育的职业妇女…使我觉得自己象一个乡下人，很不舒服”(J.R.萨拉曼卡)〔grind〕To instill or teach by persistent repetition:填鸭：通过不停地重复来灌输或教育：〔lesson〕The act or an instance of instructing; teaching.课程，教程，教导：教育的行动或家例；教导〔party〕Party is unexceptionable when used to refer to a participant in a social arrangement, as inShe was not named as a party in the conspiracy. It is this sense that underlies the legal use of the term,as when one speaks of theparties to a contract. The legal use has in turn led to the presence of the word in many fixed expressions,such asinjured party and third party. Butparty is also widely used as a general substitute for person, as inWould all parties who left packages at the desk please reclaim their property. This usage has been established for many centuries,but in the Victorian era it came to be associated with the language of the semieducated(theOxford English Dictionary describes it as "shoppy"), and it has been the subject of many later criticisms.This use ofparty may have been reinforced by its modern adoption by telephone operators. In other contexts,when used in earnest,it may be perceived as a superfluous variant forperson. But the jocular use of the term is well established,particular in references such asa wise old party. Party 用作指一项社会活动的参与者是很常见的， 如她不是这一阴谋的参与者。 正是这一意义构成了这一词的法律用法，如人们说及 parties to a contract 。 这种法律用法反过来又使得这一词出现在许多固定的短语中，如injured party 和 third party。 但party 也被广泛地用于对 person 的泛称， 如在所有将包裹放在桌子上的人请来认领他们的东西。 这种用法已确立了许多个世纪，但在维多利亚时代，它开始与受过部分教育的人的语言联系起来（牛津英语词典 把它描述为“三句话不离本行的”）， 并且它已成为后来许多批判家批评的对象。Party 的这一用法由于话务员的经常采用而被强化了。 在其它的上下文中，当用于严肃的场合时，它可以被视作是person 不必要的变体。 但这一词诙谐的用法确立已久，尤其在提及如一个精明的老人 时 〔edify〕from Late Latin aedificāre [to instruct spiritually] 源自 后期拉丁语 aedificāre [进行精神教育] 〔tour〕A trip with visits to various places of interest for business, pleasure, or instruction.旅游：为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的一次旅行〔opt〕"give individual schools the right to opt out of the local educational authority"(Newsweek)“给予每一学校有脱离地方教育行政体系的权利”(新闻周刊)〔nurture〕To educate; train.培育，教育；训练〔university〕The universe in the worduniversity is not the universe as we know it, thoughuniversity is derived from the ancestor of our word universe. This ancestor, Latinūniversus, was made up of ūnus, "one,” and versus, "in a specified direction.” Universus thus literally meant "in one specified direction" but actually meant "the whole of, entire,” and "regarded as a whole, regarded as a group.”Universum, the neuter singular of ūniversus, used as a noun, meant "the universe,”as did the derivativeūniversitās, which also meant "a corporate body of persons, community.” During the Middle Ages, when Latin continued to be used in areas such as government, religion, and education,the wordūniversitās was applied to the new corporate bodies of teachers and students, as at Salerno, Paris, and Oxford, that were the ancestors of our universities of today.Our worduniversity, going back to the Latin word, is first recorded around 1300, with reference to this corporate body.University 一词中的"universe"并不是我们所知道的宇宙这个词， 虽然university 是由我们的 universe 这个词的前身派生而来的。 这一前身，即拉丁文中的universus 是由表示“一”的 unus 和表示“沿着某一特定的方向”的 versus 构成的。 Universus 字面上的意思因此就是“沿着一个特定的方向”， 但它实际的意思却是“整个、全部”和“被视为一个整体的，被视为一个群体的”。Universum ，是 universus 的中性单数形式， 用作名词时指“宇宙”，同样派生词universitas 也指“一群个人的联合体，社团”。 在中世纪，拉丁文继续在诸如政府、宗教和教育等领域得到使用，universitas 这个词被用来指由教师和学生所构成的新联合体，比如在萨勒诺、巴黎和牛津出现的这种联合体， 而这类联合体即是我们今天的大学的最初形式。我们今天的university 这个词可以上溯到拉丁词， 它首次被记录下来是在大约1300年，当时就是用来指这种联合体〔mother〕A woman who conceives, gives birth to, or raises and nurtures a child.母亲：孕育、生产或抚养和教育小孩的女人〔elder〕One of the governing officers of a church, often having pastoral or teaching functions.长老：教会的管事或领导之一，通常有精神上指导或教育的功能〔progressive〕Of or relating to progressive education:进步的：属于进步的教育的，或与之有关的：〔catechesis〕from katēkhein [to teach by word of mouth] * see catechize 源自 katēkhein [口头教育] * 参见 catechize〔daycare〕Provision of daytime training, supervision, recreation, and often medical services for children of preschool age, for the disabled, or for the elderly.日托：为学龄前儿童、残疾人或老年人提供的白天教育、管理、娱乐和常天的医疗服务〔erudite〕One might like to beerudite but hesitate to berude. This preference is supported by the etymological relationship betweenerudite and rude. Erudite comes from the Latin adjectiveērudītus, "well-instructed, learned,” from the past participle of the verbērudīre, "to educate, train.” The verb is in turn formed from the prefixex-, "out, out of,” and the adjective rudis, "untaught, untrained,” the source of our word rude. The English worderudite is first recorded in a work possibly written before 1425 with the senses "instructed, learned.”Erudite meaning "learned" is supposed to have become rare except in sarcastic use, at least during the latter part of the 19th century, but the word now seems to have been restored to favor.一个人想成为erudite （博学的）， 但却犹豫会成为rude （粗鲁的）。 这个优先选择可以由erudite 和 rede这两个词在语源学上的关系得出。 Erudite 源于拉丁语的形容词eruditus ，指“受过良好教育的、博学的，” 来源于动词erudire 的过去分词，指“教育、训练”。 这个动词反过来由前缀ex- ，（表示“出、离开”）和形容词 rudis 意为“没受教育的，没受训练的”组成，它又是现代词 rude 的来源。 英语单词erudite 最早记录于大约写在1425年以前的一本著作中， 那时意思是“受教育的、博学的”。至少在19世纪后半期，Erudite 意思为“博学的”，除了讽刺的用法外已经很少被人所用， 但是现在这个单词好象又逐渐被人们使用起来〔love〕showed their fondness for their grandchildren by financing their education.通过资助孙辈们的教育来表达对他们的喜爱。〔encyclopedia〕The wordencyclopedia, which to us usually means a large set of books, descends from a phrase that involved coming to grips with the contents of such books.The Greek phrase isenkuklios paideia, made up of enkuklios, "cyclical, periodic, ordinary,” and paideia, "education,” and meaning "general education, literally the arts and sciences that a person should study to be liberally educated.”Copyists of Latin manuscripts took this phrase to be the Greek wordenkuklopaedia, with the same meaning, and this spurious Greek word became the New Latin wordencyclopaedia, coming into English with the sense "general course of instruction,” first recorded in 1531.In New Latin the word was chosen as the title of a reference work covering all knowledge.The first such use in English is recorded in 1644.单词encyclopedia 对我们而言通常是指一大套书， 来源于一个涉及掌握这类书内容的短语。希腊片语enkuklios paideia 是由下列两个词组成的 enkuklios “循环的，周期性，平常的”以及 paideia “教育”， 含义是“普通教育，从字面上说就是一个想接受通才教育的人所应该学习的艺术和科学知识”。拉丁文手稿的抄录者将此片语当成了带有相同词义的希腊词enkuklopaedia ， 而该谬传的希腊词又构成为新拉丁语词encyclopaedia ， 带着其“指导教育的普遍课程”之语意又进入英语，最先记载于1531年。在新拉丁语中该词被选中作为一本覆盖各科知识的参考著作的书名。在英国首次这样的用法记载于1644年〔encyclopedia〕paideia [education] from pais paid- [child] * see pau- paideia [教育] 源自 pais paid- [儿童] * 参见 pau- 〔advantage〕take advantage of all educational opportunities.利用一切教育机会〔teach〕Educate often implies formal instruction but especially stresses the development of innate capacities that leads to wide cultivation: Educate 经常暗指正式的教育但特别强调导致一般的教养的天生能力的发展： 〔disposition〕"Education has for its object the formation of character" (Herbert Spencer). “教育的目标在于形成性格” （赫伯特·斯宾赛）。〔central〕"Performance, including technological invention and artistic creation, will become central to education at all levels"(Frederick Turner)“创作，包括科技发明和艺术创造，将成为各层次教育的根本”(弗雷德里克·特纳)〔Baring〕British financier and diplomat who as British consul general in Egypt (1883-1907) promoted land, educational, legal, and transportation reforms.巴林，伊弗琳：(1841-1917) 英国金融家和外交家。在任英国驻埃及总领事时（1883-1907年），促进了其土地、教育、法制和交通的改革〔give〕She really gave of her time to help. They give of themselves to improve the quality of education.她确实抽出时间来帮忙。为了提高教育质量，他们奉献了自己〔invest〕invested much time and energy in getting a good education.付出许多时间和精力以求得良好的教育〔reductionism〕"Our educational system has had a dangerous predilection for reductionism—an addiction to the primary, the elementary"(Frederick Turner)“我们的教育体系向执迷于原始的、基础的简化论进行危险的导向”(弗雷德里克·特纳)〔teach〕To cause to learn by example or experience:教育：使…通过事例或经验学习：〔bring〕To nurture and develop (a quality, for example) to best advantage:深植，教育：教育，培养（例如一种品质）使至最佳境界：〔gentilesse〕Refinement and courtesy resulting from good breeding.文雅，温和：源自良好教育的文雅和礼貌〔teach〕Drill implies rigorous instruction or training,often by repetition of a routine: Drill 暗指严格的教育或训练，经常通过按惯例的重复： 〔lettered〕Highly educated; learned.受过良好教育的；有学问的〔disadvantaged〕Deprived of some of the basic necessities or advantages of life, such as adequate housing, medical care, or educational facilities.处于不利地位的；贫困的：缺乏生活中的一些必需品或有利条件，如宽余的住房，医疗护理，或教育设备〔Hobby〕American public official. She was the first director of the Women's Army Corps (1943-1945) and the first secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1953-1955).霍比，奥威达·卡尔普：(生于 1905) 美国社会官员，她曾任美国陆军妇女队队长（1943-1945年）和健康、教育和福利部门的第一秘书（1953-1955年）〔Madurai〕A city of southern India south-southwest of Madras. Known as "the City of Festivals and Temples,” it is a Hindu pilgrimage site and an educational and cultural center with varied industries. Population, 820,891.马杜拉：印度南部的一个城市，位于马德拉斯西南偏南方向。以“节日和庙宇之城”著称，它是印度教的朝圣地、教育和文化中心，并有多种工业。人口820,891〔Gladstone〕British political leader who served as Liberal prime minister four times (1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886, and 1892-1894). He enacted educational and parliamentary reforms and supported Irish home rule.格莱斯顿，威廉·尤尔特：(1809-1898) 英国政治领导人，曾作为自由党人四次担任首相（1868-1874、1880-1885、1886和1892-1894年）。他进行了教育和议会的改革并支持爱尔兰的自治〔Wheelock〕American cleric and educator who founded Dartmouth College, originally for the education of Native Americans, and served as its first president (1769-1779).惠洛克，以利札：(1711-1779) 美国神职人员及教育学家，他建立了达特默思大学，该大学原本是为印第安人的教育而设，他就任第一任校长(1769-1779年）〔HEW〕Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.卫生，教育和福利部〔warehouse〕To institutionalize (people) in usually deficient housing and in conditions in which medical, educational, psychiatric, and social services are below par or absent:不良安置：把（人）置入到医疗、教育、精神病和社会服务低于社会平均水平或根本不存在这些服务的差劲的房子或条件中去：〔thoroughbred〕Thoroughly trained or educated; well bred.受过良好教育的：精心训练或教育的；受过优良教育的 |
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