| 单词 | 数目 |
| 释义 | 〔haplosis〕Reduction of the diploid number of chromosomes by one half during meiosis, resulting in the haploid number.减半作用：在减数分裂过程中染色体双倍体数目的减半而导致其变成单倍体数目〔take〕The number of fish, game birds, or other animals killed or captured at one time.一次所猎杀或捕获的鱼、鸟或其它动物的数目〔gauge〕The interior diameter of a shotgun barrel as determined by the number of lead balls of a size exactly fitting the barrel that are required to make one pound. Often used in combination:口径：猎枪枪管的内部尺寸，以每磅圆铝弹数目表示，该铅弹恰好能装入枪管。常用于复合词中：〔plurality〕The number by which the vote of the winning choice in such a contest exceeds that of the closest opponent.超过票数：在这样一场竞争中，获胜者所获的选票超出和其最接近的别的竞选者所获选票的数目〔undercount〕To record fewer than the actual number of (persons in a census, for example).少计：记录少于（如，普查中的人口）实际数目〔sided〕Having sides usually of a specified number or kind. Often used in combination:边的：有边的，通常指有一特定数目或种类的常用于组合词中：〔remunerate〕To pay (a person) a suitable equivalent in return for goods provided, services rendered, or losses incurred; recompense.报酬：给（一个人）和所供的货物，提供的服务或者发生的损失相等的数目合适的钱；报偿〔many〕A large, indefinite number:许多：一个大而不确定的数目：〔bulk〕In large numbers, amounts, or volume.大批，大量：数量、数目或体积很大〔premium〕A sum of money or bonus paid in addition to a regular price, salary, or other amount.奖金：除常规的价格、工资或其它数目额外增加的一笔钱或奖金〔neutropenia〕An abnormal decrease in the number of neutrophils in the blood.嗜中性白血球减少症：血液中嗜中性白血球数目不正常减少的症状〔all〕Being or representing the entire or total number, amount, or quantity:一切的，所有的：具有或代表全部或所有数目、数额或数量的：〔choice〕A number or variety from which to choose:供选择的东西：可从中进行选择的一些数目或种类：〔single〕These adjectives are compared as they signify being one in number.What issingle is not associated with, accompanied by, or combined with another or others: 这里比较的是这些形容词在表示数目时为一个的用法。Single 的事物是不与另一个或其它多个相联系、陪伴或结合： 〔hyperploid〕Having a chromosome number greater than but not an exact multiple of the normal euploid number.超倍的：有一个染色体数目的，此数目比正常超倍体数目大，但不是它的整倍数〔definite〕Of a specified number not exceeding 20, as certain floral organs, especially stamens.有定数的：特定数目不超过二十的，如某些花的器官，尤指雄蕊〔major〕Great in number, size, or extent:多的，大的：数目、尺寸或程度上很大的：〔contract〕The number of tricks thus bid.定约墩数：这样竞叫时约定的墩方数目〔toed〕Having a toe, especially of a specified number or kind. Often used in combination:有脚趾的：尤其是一定数目或种类的。通常用于复合词：〔traffic〕The amount of cargo or number of passengers conveyed.运输量：运载货物的数量或运载乘客的数目〔derisory〕Expressing derision; derisive.（因无用、无效或数目不足）受人嘲笑的：表示为嘲笑的；嘲弄的〔couple〕Although the phrasea couple of has been well established in English since before the Renaissance, it has been criticized on several grounds.Grammarians used to insist thata couple of should be used only to refer to things closely linked to one another and so was improperly used in phrases such asa couple of years ago. This objection has not been heard in some time and was never well supported.Modern critics have sometimes maintained thata couple of is too inexact to be appropriate in formal writing. But the inexactitude ofa couple of may serve a useful communicative purpose, suggesting that the writer is indifferent to the precise number of items involved.Thus the sentenceShe lives only a couple of miles away implies not only that the distance is short but that its exact measure is unimportant. Furthermore,a couple of is different from a few in that it does not imply that the relevant amount is relatively small. One might say admiringly of an exceptional center fielder thathe can throw the ball a couple of hundred feet, but not, except ironically,a few hundred feet, which would suggest that such a throw was unremarkable. The usage should be considered unobjectionable on all levels of style.尽管a couple of 这个短语在文艺复兴之前就已在英语中形成， 它仍受到多方面批评。语法学家过去坚持认为a couple of 应该只用于指互相之间紧密相连的东西， 所以在a couple of years ago 这样的短语中用是不适当的。 这样的反对意见长时间没有人提起了，也从未受到太多支持。现代批评家有时也认为a couple of 太不精确，不能很恰当地用于正式的写作中。 但a couple of 的不精确性也有一种很有用的传达交流的意图， 表明作者对于所涉及的事物的精确数目并不太关心。因此她住的只有几英里远 这个句子不仅表明距离很远，同时也表明精确测量是不重要的。 另外a couple of 与 a few 的不同还表现在它不表示有关的数量是相对来说小的。 如果夸赞一个优秀的中外野球手，可以说他能把球抛几百英尺远 ， 若非如此的话，排除反意的可能，a few hundred feet 指抛这么远并没什么稀奇之处。 这种用法在各种文体上都是无可辩驳的〔nonuple〕A number or total that is nine times as great as another.九倍：是另一个的九倍的数目或总量〔shot〕An amount to be paid, as for drinks; a bill.应付帐：应付的数目，比如酒钱；帐单〔show〕The excavation exposed a staggering number of Bronze Age artifacts. The term can often imply revelation of something better left concealed: 这次挖掘使一批数目惊人的青铜时代人工制品重现天日。 这一词通常可用来暗示揭露了最好让其隐瞒的某事物： 〔polydactyl〕A person or an animal having more than the normal number of digits.多指（或趾）畸形的人（或动物）：有超过正常数目足趾或手指的人或动物〔majority〕Whenmajority refers to a particular number of votes, it takes a singular verb: 当majority 指特定的选票数目时， 其动词用单数： 〔triskaidekaphobia〕An abnormal fear of the number 13.十三数恐怖：对数目十三的不正常的恐怖〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔craps〕A gambling game played with two dice in which a first throw of 7 or 11 wins, a first throw of 2, 3, or 12 loses the bet, and a first throw of any other number (a point) must be repeated to win before a 7 is thrown, which loses both the bet and the dice.掷双骰子赌博：一种掷两个骰子的赌博游戏，其中第一掷掷出7或11即获胜，第一掷掷出2,3或12即输，若第一掷掷出其它任何一个数目（点数），则必须重复点数才能获胜，如若在此之前掷出7点，那么赌注和骰子就都输掉了〔certain〕An indefinite but limited number; some:某些，一些：一个不确定但有限的数目；有些：〔price〕These nouns signify an amount given or asked for in payment for goods or services.这些名词都指为得到货物或服务而付出或要求付出的数目。〔people〕Used as a pluralpeople is a form with no exactly corresponding singular. (English is not odd in this respect:the equivalent word is anomalous in Spanish, Italian, Russian, and many other languages.)In the past, grammarians have sometimes insisted thatpeople is a collective noun that should not be used as a substitute forpersons when referring to a specific number of individuals, as inSix people were arrested. Butpeople has always been used in such contexts, and the distinction is now so widely ignored in general writingthat it seems pedantic to insist on it.Persons is still preferred in quasilegal contexts, however, as inVehicles containing fewer than three persons may not use the left lane during rush hours. Only the singularperson is used in compounds involving a specific numeral: People 用做复数时无确切的单数形式。 （在此方面英语是不固定的：在西班牙语、意大利语和许多其它语言中相应的词是不规则的。）过去，语法学家曾坚持说people 是集合名词， 不能替代描述特定数量个体的persons ， 如在六个人被捕了 中。 但是people 常用在这样的上下文中， 其区别在一般的书面语中被大大忽略了，再坚持其区别则显得多余。Persons 仍多被用在法律性的语境中， 例如在交通高峰期容纳少于三个人的汽车不允许使用左单行道。 只有单数person 用在与具体数目有关的复合词中： 〔volley〕A simultaneous discharge of a number of missiles.齐射：一定数目枪弹的同时射击〔bulge〕A sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity:暴涨，突增：在数目或数量上突然而且是临时性的增加：〔zillion〕An extremely large, indefinite number.无数：无限大、没限定的数目〔decrease〕To grow or cause to grow gradually less or smaller, as in number, amount, or intensity.减少：在数目、数量或强度方面逐渐变得或使…变得少或小〔unthinkable〕an unthinkable amount of money.数目庞大得无法想象的一笔钱〔store〕A great quantity or number; an abundance.大量：大的数量或数目；充裕〔coupon〕A negotiable certificate attached to a bond that represents a sum of interest due.利息单：证券上的代表一定数目利息的可流通证书 |
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