| 单词 | 整个 |
| 释义 | 〔discount〕A reduction from the full or standard amount of a price or debt.折扣：从整个或标准的价格或债款的折扣〔trail〕vines trailing through the garden.蔓生在整个花园之中的葡萄藤〔coriander〕The seedlike fruit of this plant, used whole or ground as a flavoring for food and as a seasoning, as in curry powder.芫荽果实：这种植物的种子状果实，整个的或碾碎用作食物的调味品和佐料，例如咖喱粉中含有它〔all〕Constituting, being, or representing the total extent or the whole:整个的，全部的：构成，具有或代表全部范围或整体的：〔tonsure〕The part of a monk's or priest's head that has been shaved.光头：和尚或神甫的整个或部分秃头〔Huron〕A Native American confederacy formerly inhabiting southeast Ontario around Lake Simcoe, with small present-day populations in Quebec and northeast Oklahoma, where they are known as Wyandot. The Huron traded extensively throughout eastern Canada until the confederacy was destroyed by war with the Iroquois in the mid-17th century.休伦族：美洲土著居民的一个联盟，曾居住于安大略省东南西姆克湖周围，现在人数已很少，主要居于魁北克省和俄克拉荷马东北，在那里他们被称为怀安多特人。休伦人曾在整个加拿大东部广泛地从事贸易，直至17世纪中期与易洛魁人的战争中联盟被摧毁〔what〕Whenwhat is the subject of a clause, it may be construed as singular or plural, depending on the sense.It is singular when taken as the equivalent ofthat which or the thing which, as inI see what seems to be a dead tree; and it is plural when it is taken as the equivalent ofthose which or the things which, as inHe sometimes makes what seem to be gestures of aloofness. ? When awhat clause is itself the subject of a sentence, it may be construed as singular or plural,but the conditions governing this choice are somewhat more complicated.In general, awhat clause will be taken as a plural when the clause contains an explicit indication of its own plurality. There are two principal cases.First, the clause is plural ifwhat is the subject of the clause and the verb of the clause is itself plural: What seem to be two dead trees are blocking the road. What most surprise me are the inflammatory remarks at the end of his article. If the verb in thewhat clause does not anticipate the plural sense of the predicate in this way, a singular verb is generally used in the main clause as well,though the plural is sometimes found:What truly commands respect is (sometimes are ) a large navy and a resolute foreign policy. Second, thewhat clause is treated as plural when its predicate contains a plural noun phrase that unambiguously establishes the plurality of the clause as a whole, as inWhat traditional grammarians called "predicates" are called "verb phrases" by modern linguists. What the Romans established as military outposts were later to become important trading centers. In the absence of explicit plural marking of either of these types in a subjectwhat clause, the clause is usually treated as singular for the purposes of agreement, regardless of the sense:What she held in her lap was four kittens. What the apparent diamonds turned out to be was paste. In some cases, however, a clause withwhat as the subject may be treated as singular or plural, depending on a subtle distinction of sense. InWhat excite him most are money and power, the implication is that money and power are distinct elements; inWhat excites him most is money and power, the implication is that money and power are taken as constituting a single entity.See Usage Note at which 当what 作为从句中的主语时， 它既可被当作单数也可以为复数，这取决于词义。当被看作是that which 或 the thing which 时它就是单数， 如在I see what seems to be a dead tree（我看到个象棵死树的物体）” 这句话中； 当它被用作those which 或 the things which 的对应词时它是复数， 如在He sometimes makes what seem to be gestures of aloofness（他有时做一些似乎很超然的手势） 中。 当what 从句本身是句子的主语时， 它可被当作单数或复数，但决定这种选择的条件略为复杂些。总体上说，what 从句的含有对其数性明确指示时，它就可以将当作复数。 这有两种最主要的情况：首先，如果what 是从句的主语而该从句的谓语动词本身是复数，从句就是复数： What seem to be two dead trees are blocking the road.（象两棵死树的物体挡着路）； What mostsurprise me are the inflammatory remarks at the end of his article.（最令我吃惊的是他文章结尾处的煽动性言词） 。 如果what 从句的谓语动词并不预示谓语是复数， 主句中通常也用单数动词，尽管有时也可以发现有复数：What truly commands respect is（有时 are ) a large navy and a resolute foreign policy（真正博得尊敬的是强大的海军和坚定的外交政策） ； 其次what 从句在其谓语含有复数名词短语，并且其明显可建立整个从句的复数性时是被当作复数的， 如在What traditional grammarians called "predicates" are called "verb phrases" by modern linguists.（那些传统语法家所称为“谓语”的则被现代语言学家称作“动词短语”） What the Romans established as military outpostswere later to become important trading centers.（那些罗马人设为军事前哨基地的地方后来成为了重要的贸易中心）。 当what 从句主语缺乏这两类明确表示复数性的标记时， 从句通常为了一致性而不顾及词义地被当作单数：What she held in her lap was four kittens.（她抱在膝盖上的是四只小猫）。 What the apparent diamonds turned out to bewas paste.（那些看上去象真的钻石结果却是人造宝石） 。 然而，在一些情况下，以what 作主语的从句可被当单数或复数，取决于语义上微妙的差异。 在What excite him most are money and power（最让他兴奋的是金钱和权力）， 这句话中暗含着金钱和权力是不同的成分； 在What excites him most is money and power（最让他兴奋的是金钱和权力）， 这句话中暗含着金钱和权力是作为构成一个单一整体的成分 参见 which〔industrywide〕Throughout an entire industry:整个产业的：整个工业产业都存在的：〔monologue〕A long speech made by one person, often monopolizing a conversation.长篇大论：一个人滔滔不绝的谈话，常垄断整个谈话〔Sparta〕A city-state of ancient Greece in the southeast Peloponnesus. Settled by Dorian Greeks, it was noted for its militarism and reached the height of its power in the sixth centuryb.c. A protracted rivalry with Athens led to the Peloponnesian Wars (460-404) and Sparta's hegemony over all of Greece. Its ascendancy was broken by Thebans in 371. 斯巴达：伯罗奔尼撒半岛东南部古希腊的一个城邦。该城邦由多利安希腊人建立，以其军事主义著名，于公元前 6世纪达到全盛。它与雅典的长期对抗导致了伯罗奔尼撒战争（公元前460-404年）和斯巴达对整个希腊的霸权。它的支配地位于371年被底比斯人摧毁 〔plantigrade〕Walking with the entire sole of the foot on the ground, as human beings, bears, raccoons, and rabbits do.跖行的，脚掌着地行走的：用足的整个底部在地上行走的，如人、熊、浣熊和兔子〔equilibrium〕A condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others, resulting in a stable, balanced, or unchanging system.See Synonyms at balance 平衡，均衡：一种所有动作的影响都互相抵消，整个系统处于平稳的、均势的、不变的状态 参见 balance〔virion〕A complete viral particle, consisting of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell and constituting the infective form of a virus.病毒粒子：一整个病毒粒子，由被蛋白质外壳包围的核糖核酸或脱氧核糖核酸组成，并构成一个病毒的传染形式〔inconsequent〕a speech full of inconsequent statements.整个演讲充满了离题的陈述〔entire〕Having no part excluded or left out; whole:全部的：没有留下任何部分的；整个的：〔Teflon〕"It would make of Gorbachev's stewardship a truly Teflon chairmanship, demonstrating that no Soviet actions, regardless of how egregious, will cling to him"(New Republic)"It's clear that because[he] doesn't aspire to saving the entire human race, he's not going to get what the other leaders get—a coating of moral and political Teflon" (Wall Street Journal)“这会明白戈尔巴乔夫的乘务员职位是真正特氟隆制的主席的职位，表明不管多么异乎寻常，任何苏维埃行动都不会依靠他”(新共和国)“很清楚因为［他］ 不希望拯救整个人类，所以他将不会得到其他领导人所得到的——一个道德和政治的特氟隆涂层” (华尔街期刊)〔Hindustan〕A historical region of India considered at various times to include only the upper Ganges River plateau or all of northern India from the Himalaya Mountains to the Deccan Plateau and from the Punjab to Assam. The term has also been applied to the entire Indian subcontinent.印度斯坦：印度历史上的区域，在不同时期有不同内涵，有时只包括恒河高原的上部或包括从喜马拉雅山脉到德干高原，及从旁遮普到阿撒姆的整个印度北部，这个词也被用来表示整个印度次大陆〔Koine〕A dialect of Greek that developed primarily from Attic and became the common language of the Hellenistic world, from which later stages of Greek are descended.古希腊共通语：一种希腊方言，最初从阿提卡语发展而来，后来成为整个古希腊地区的共同的语言，后来的希腊语就是由此发展而成〔last〕left enough bread to last the family for the weekend.留下足够的面包以供这一家人整个周未的食用〔panegyric〕pan- [pan-] pan- [前缀，表“整个，全部”] 〔perspective〕tried to keep my perspective throughout the crisis.试图在整个危机中保持我的洞察力〔holoblastic〕Exhibiting cleavage in which the entire egg separates into individual blastomeres.全裂的：裂纹出现，整个卵细胞分裂为不同的裂球〔ocean〕Abbr. oc.The entire body of salt water that covers more than 70 percent of the earth's surface.缩写 oc.海洋：覆盖地球表面积多于百分之七十的整个咸水体〔unit〕An entire apparatus or the equipment that performs a specific function.装置，设备：实行特定功能的整个仪器或设备〔abolish〕Entire peoples were exterminated in the concentration camps.在集中营整个民族被迫害而灭亡。〔pamphlet〕pan- [pan-] pan- [前缀，表“整个，全部”] 〔campaign〕Grant's Vicksburg campaign secured the entire Mississippi for the Union.格兰特的维克伯格战役为联邦挽救了整个密西西比〔loom〕"Stalin looms over the whole human tragedy of 1930-1933"(Robert Conquest)“斯大林赫然耸现在1930—1933年整个人类的悲剧中”(罗伯特·康奎斯特)〔diamond〕The whole playing field.（棒球或垒球的）整个比赛场地〔antipathetic〕"The whole place and everything about it was antipathetic to her"(Anthony Trollope)“整个地方和它所有的事物都令她反感”(安东尼·特罗洛普)〔push〕She spent the afternoon pushing paper for her boss.她用了整个下午的时间为她的老板整理文字材料〔Cordilleras〕The entire complex of mountain ranges in western North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America, extending from Alaska to Cape Horn.科迪勒拉山脉：包括从北美洲西部、墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲并从阿拉斯加延伸至合恩角的整个山脉群〔storewide〕a storewide sale; storewide renovations.全店商品的减价出售；整个商店的整新〔only〕When used as an adverb,only should be placed with care to avoid ambiguity. Generally this means havingonly adjoin the word or words that it limits. Variation in the placement ofonly can change the meaning of the sentence, as the following examples show: 当only 用作副词时应注意避免意义模糊。 一般来说，这意味着把only 放在被限定词的旁边。 Only 的位置的改变， 会改变整个句子的内容，例如： 〔university〕The universe in the worduniversity is not the universe as we know it, thoughuniversity is derived from the ancestor of our word universe. This ancestor, Latinūniversus, was made up of ūnus, "one,” and versus, "in a specified direction.” Universus thus literally meant "in one specified direction" but actually meant "the whole of, entire,” and "regarded as a whole, regarded as a group.”Universum, the neuter singular of ūniversus, used as a noun, meant "the universe,”as did the derivativeūniversitās, which also meant "a corporate body of persons, community.” During the Middle Ages, when Latin continued to be used in areas such as government, religion, and education,the wordūniversitās was applied to the new corporate bodies of teachers and students, as at Salerno, Paris, and Oxford, that were the ancestors of our universities of today.Our worduniversity, going back to the Latin word, is first recorded around 1300, with reference to this corporate body.University 一词中的"universe"并不是我们所知道的宇宙这个词， 虽然university 是由我们的 universe 这个词的前身派生而来的。 这一前身，即拉丁文中的universus 是由表示“一”的 unus 和表示“沿着某一特定的方向”的 versus 构成的。 Universus 字面上的意思因此就是“沿着一个特定的方向”， 但它实际的意思却是“整个、全部”和“被视为一个整体的，被视为一个群体的”。Universum ，是 universus 的中性单数形式， 用作名词时指“宇宙”，同样派生词universitas 也指“一群个人的联合体，社团”。 在中世纪，拉丁文继续在诸如政府、宗教和教育等领域得到使用，universitas 这个词被用来指由教师和学生所构成的新联合体，比如在萨勒诺、巴黎和牛津出现的这种联合体， 而这类联合体即是我们今天的大学的最初形式。我们今天的university 这个词可以上溯到拉丁词， 它首次被记录下来是在大约1300年，当时就是用来指这种联合体〔barbecue〕A whole animal carcass or section thereof roasted or broiled over an open fire or on a spit.烤全牲：在户外的火上或烤叉上烤炙的整个动物或部分动物〔panoply〕pan- [pan-] pan- [前缀，表“整个，全部”] 〔Deccan〕A plateau of south-central India between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats. The name is also used for the entire Indian peninsula south of the Narmada River.德干高原：印度中部偏南一高原，位于东高止山脉和西高止山脉之间。德干半岛也指纳马达河以南的整个印度半岛〔fear〕Consternation spread throughout the city as the invading army approached.当侵略军逼近时恐慌蔓延了整个城市。〔patented〕Throughout the campaign, the candidate refuted his rival's criticisms with a series of patented responses.在整个竞选中这个候选人用一系列富有特色的回答驳斥了对手的批评攻击 |
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