| 单词 | 文学作品 |
| 释义 | 〔fiction〕"The latest fiction" to most people means the latest novels or storiesrather than the most recently invented pretense or latest lie.All three senses of the wordfiction point back to its source, Latin fictiō, "the action of shaping, a feigning, that which is feigned.” Fictiō in turn was derived from fingere, "to make by shaping, feign, make up or invent a story or excuse.” Our first instance offiction, recorded in a work composed around 1412, was used in the sense "invention of the mind, that which is imaginatively invented.”It is not a far step from this meaning to the sense "imaginative literature,” first recorded in 1599.“最新的小说”对大多数人来说是指最新的小说或故事，而不是指最新捏造出的谎言。Fiction 这一词的所有的三个意思都追溯到拉丁语中的词源 fictio ，“假装，伪造，做假的行为。” 反过来fictio 则起源于 fingere， “捏造一个故事或编一个借口”。 我们可以在一部写于1412年前后的作品中找到fiction 的第一个例子， 文中所用的意思是“头脑中的虚构，是充满想象的虚构的”。这一意思已经和1599年首次记录的“虚构的文学作品”这层意思相去不远了〔miscellany〕miscellanies A publication containing various literary works. miscellanies 各家杂集：收有不同的各种不同文学作品的出版物〔reader〕One who publicly recites literary works.朗诵者：在大众面前背诵文学作品的人〔unity〕An ordering of all elements in a work of art or literature so that each contributes to a unified aesthetic effect.调合：在艺术或文学作品中所有要素的安排，以使每一要素承担统一的审美效果〔critique〕A critical review or commentary, especially one dealing with works of art or literature.评论文：批判性文章或评论，尤指关于艺术或文学作品的评论〔part〕A division of a literary work:段落：文学作品的分开部分：〔predominate〕Good predominates over evil in many works of literature.在许多文学作品中正义战胜邪恶〔analects〕Selections from or parts of a literary work or group of works. Often used as a title.文选，论集：文学作品或一组作品的选集或部分，常用作标题〔monologue〕A literary composition in the form of a soliloquy.独白形式的文学作品〔Parsee〕The Iranian dialect used in the religious literature of the Parsees.帕西伊朗方言：印度袄教徒的宗教文学作品中用的伊朗方言〔stock〕Of or being a conventional character or situation that recurs in many literary or cinematic works.陈旧的：在许多文学作品或戏剧作品中出现的传统角色或情形的〔florilegium〕A collection of excerpts from written texts, especially works of literature.花谱，诗选：文字摘录集，尤其是文学作品的〔rhapsody〕A literary work written in an impassioned or exalted style.狂诗，狂歌：以充满热情的或得意的风格写成的文学作品〔opossum〕The wordopossum takes us back to the earliest days of the United States. The settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, was founded in 1607 by the London Company, chartered for the planting of colonies.Even though the first years were difficult,promotional literature was glowing.In one such piece,A True Declaration of the Estate of the Colonie in Virginia, published in 1610, we find this passage: "There are . . . Apossouns, in shape like to pigges.”This is the first recorded use ofopossum, although in a spelling that differs from the one later settled on to reproduce the sound of the Virginia Algonquian word from which our word came.The wordopossum and its shortened form possum, first recorded in 1613 in more promotional literature, remind us of a time when the New World was still very new, settlers were few,and the inhabitants for whom the New World was not new were plentiful.词语opossum 把我们带回到了早期的美国社会。 伦敦公司，作为开拓殖民地的委托者，在1607年建立了弗吉尼亚詹姆斯敦的居民点。即使在最初的年代里很困难，激进文学也开始抬头。在其中有一篇于1610年出版的弗吉尼亚殖民地的真实宣言 ， 其中有一段“一种形似猪的动物”，就是最早的关于opossum 的记录， 虽然它的拼写和现在我们所使用的弗吉尼亚阿尔贡金语的拼写有所不同。词语opossum 和其缩写形式 possum 最初于1613年记录在更加激进的文学作品中， 让我们回想起当新大陆还很陌生而且只有很少的居住者时，已有许多对于新大陆并不陌生的土著居民〔motif〕A recurrent thematic element in an artistic or literary work.主题：艺术品或文学作品中反复体现的、揭示主题的部分〔varia〕A miscellany, especially of literary works.杂集：尤其是指文学作品的杂录〔peripeteia〕A sudden change of events or reversal of circumstances, especially in a literary work.突变：事情或环境的突然变化，尤指在文学作品中〔dedicate〕To address or inscribe (a literary work, for example) to another as a mark of respect or affection.题献：在（例如，一部文学作品）上题献词表示尊敬或爱戴〔break〕Shiver is a term rarely encountered outside literary contexts;likeshatter, it indicates sudden force that causes fragmentation: Shiver 很少用于文学作品之外；正如shatter, 表示使成为碎片的突发力量： 〔dirge〕A mournful or elegiac poem or other literary work.挽歌，悼词：哀戚或悲哀的诗或其他文学作品〔satire〕A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit.讽刺诗：文学作品，其中以讽刺、嘲笑或巧妙主题鞭鞑人们的恶习或愚蠢〔renaissance〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Renaissance or its artistic and intellectual works and styles.文艺复兴：关于文艺复兴或文艺复兴时期的艺术和文学作品及风格的特点的〔rhythm〕The pattern of development produced in a literary or dramatic work by repetition of elements such as words, phrases, incidents, themes, images, and symbols.文学作品的节奏：通过例如单词、短语、插曲、主题曲、形象及象征等成分的重复在文学或戏剧作品中产生的展开的形式〔craft〕Craft has been used as a verb since the Old English period and was used in Middle English to refer specifically to the artful construction of a text or discourse.In recent years,crafted, the past participle of craft, has enjoyed a vogue as a participle referring to well-wrought writing. This may be a sign that the Jamesian conception of the literary muse has begun to yield to a Trollopian conception of literature as a kind of intellectual handicraft;or it may indicate little more than the desperation with which book reviewers seize on any novel adjective.In any event, the usage is more acceptable when applied to literary works than to other sorts of writing,and more acceptable as a participle than as a verb.It was acceptable to 73 percent of the Usage Panel in the phrasebeautifully crafted prose. By contrast, only 35 percent of the Panel accepted the sentenceThe planners crafted their proposal so as to anticipate the objections of local businesses. Craft 这一词语在古英语时期就被用作动词， 在中古英语中它被用来指某一课文或论述的精巧句法结构。近几年来，crafted 即 craft 这一词的过去分词被广泛用于描述写作佳品。 这可能是詹姆士文学灵感观念开始让位于作为一种智力创作技巧的特罗洛普文学观念的一个信号；或者它也有可能暗示了书评作者们对采用小说修饰语的进一步失望。不管怎样，把它用于指文学作品比用于指其它类型的写作更易被人接受，而用作分词比用作动词更易被人接受。用法专题使用小组中73%的成员认同它在精美构思的散文 这一短语中的用法。 与此相反，只有35%的成员认同它在策划者们制订计划以预防地方商业的阻挠 这一句子中的用法 〔digest〕A periodical containing literary abridgments or other condensed works.周期文摘：收集的文学作品节本或其它压缩品周期刊物〔epilogue〕A short addition or concluding section at the end of a literary work, often dealing with the future of its characters. Also called In this sense, also called afterword 结尾部分：文学作品结束时简短的附加或总结性章节，常常关于作品人物的未来 也作 在此意义上也可称作 afterword〔classic〕A literary work of ancient Greece or Rome.古典文学：古希腊或古罗马的文学作品〔dedicatee〕One to whom something, such as a literary work, is dedicated.受奉献者；被题献者：接受题词的人，如一部文学作品的〔epic〕A literary or dramatic composition that resembles an extended, narrative poem celebrating heroic feats.史诗般的文学作品：类似叙事长诗的文学作品或戏剧，歌颂英雄业绩〔longueur〕A tedious passage in a work of literature or performing art:冗长乏味的章节：文学作品或表演艺术中乏味的一段：〔Comstockery〕Censorship of literature and other forms of expression and communication because of perceived immorality or obscenity.扫黄：对被认为不道德或淫秽的文学作品或其它表现或传播此内容的形式进行查禁〔resolution〕The part of a literary work in which the complications of the plot are resolved or simplified.简化：文学作品中复杂的情节被化解或简化的部分〔anger〕 Ire is a term for anger that is frequently encountered in literature: Ire 是在文学作品中常碰到的表示发怒的词： 〔dramatize〕To adapt (a literary work) for dramatic presentation, as in a theater or on television or radio.编剧：为剧场、电视或广播而将文学作品改编成戏剧表现形式〔flub〕"Their literature leans toward a comedy of small social flubs and withered chastity"(James Wolcott)“他们的文学作品倾向于表达社会小闹剧和衰微的纯洁人性所混合而成的喜剧”(詹姆斯·沃尔科特)〔cento〕A literary work pieced together from the works of several authors.作品集锦：摘录几位作家作品所编成的文学作品〔tantra〕Any of a comparatively recent class of Hindu or Buddhist religious literature written in Sanskrit and concerned with mysticism and magic.密教经典：任一部用梵文写成的成书时间距现在相对来说较近的印度教或佛教宗教文学作品，讲述了神秘主义和秘法〔literature〕Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value:文学作品：富有想象力或创造力的作品，尤指具有公认艺术价值的：〔sketch〕A brief, light, or informal literary composition, such as an essay or a short story.短篇作品：简要的、少量的或非正式的文学作品，例如一篇论文或短篇小说〔argument〕A summary or short statement of the plot or subject of a literary work.情节：文学作品的故事梗概或简短内容提要 |
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