| 单词 | 文集 |
| 释义 | 〔Chesterton〕British writer and critic known for his Roman Catholicism and his conservative political views. His works include essays, a series of detective novels featuring Father Brown, and volumes of criticism and polemics.切斯特顿，吉尔伯特·基思：(1874-1936) 英国作家和批评家，信仰罗马天主教，政治观点保守。他的著作包括散文，一系列以布朗神父为主角的侦探小说以及几卷评论及辩论文集〔samhita〕A collection of sacred devotional hymns in Sanskrit constituting one of the four Vedas.圣喜达：梵文宗教祈祷歌文集，四部吠陀经之一〔item〕A single article or unit in a collection, an enumeration, or a series.项目，细目：文集、细目或一套中的单独条目或项目〔collectanea〕A selection of passages from one or more authors; an anthology.文选，文集：从一个或一个以上作者的文章中选编而成的选集；选集〔ana〕From New Latin -āna [as in titles of such collections] * see -ana 源自 新拉丁语 -āna [如在这类文集的标题中] * 参见 -ana〔Lardner〕American humorist and writer whose satirical short stories were published in collections, includingYou Know Me, Al (1916) and How to Write Short Stories (with Samples) (1924). 拉德纳，林戈德·威尔默：(1885-1933) 美国幽默大师和作家，他的讽刺短篇小说以文集形式出版，包括《阿尔，你了解我》 （1916年）和 《怎样写短篇小说（范例）》 （1924年） 〔Lacan〕French psychiatrist who was an early adherent and interpreter of Freud's theories in France, but whose own theoretical and clinical work diverged greatly from Freud's. His collection of essays and lecturesÉcrits (1966) greatly influenced linguistics and literary theory. 拉肯，雅克：法国精神病学家，是佛洛伊德理论的早期追随者和译者，然而他自己的理论及临床实践却与佛洛伊德理论大相径庭。其论文及讲说集《文集》 （1966年）对语言学及文学理论影响深远 〔paper〕papers A collection of letters, diaries, and other writings, especially by one person: papers 文集：书信、日记和其它作品的收集，尤指一个人的：〔item〕The worditem seems to us to be very much a noun, whether it refers to an article in a collection or a bit of information.But it began its life in English (first recorded before 1398) as an adverbmeaning "moreover, also, in addition.”Item as typically used in front of each object listed in an inventory, as we might putalso. This use in English simply reflects a meaning of the word in Latin.However, it is easy to see howitem could be taken to stand for the thing that it preceded, and so we get, for example, the sense "an article included in an enumeration.”The first such usages are found in the 16th century,while the sense "a bit of information" is not found until the 19th century.In the 20th century we added a computer sense,a further addition toitem. 单词item 对我们来说只是一个名词， 它可以指一个文集中的一篇文章或者是一些信息。但是它的起源却是一个副词（最早见于1398年以前），意思为“此外，而且，同样”。Item 最典型是用在商品目录的每一个物品的前面， 就象我们使用also 一样。 这种用法反映在拉丁词语上仅有一个含义。然而，明白item 是怎样被用来代表它前面的事物是很容易的， 所以我们得到了像“文集中的一篇文章”等这种含义。这种用法最早见于16世纪，而含义“一些信息”一直到19世纪才被发现使用。在20世纪时，我们加了一个计算的含义，进一步形成了今天的item 〔ana〕definitive ana of the early American West.关于早期美国西部的最可靠的资料文集〔Aelfric〕Anglo-Saxon abbot who is considered the greatest Old English prose writer. His works includeCatholic Homilies, Lives of the Saints, and a Latin grammar. 埃尔弗里克：盎格鲁-撒克逊的大修道院院长，被认为是最伟大的古英语散文作家，其作品包括《天主教布道文集》，《圣徒传》 以及拉丁语法 〔ax〕To understand the origin of the idiomax to grind, we need to know thatgrind means "to sharpen.” This phrase is said to have come from a story by the 19th-century journalist Charles Miner (alias Poor Robert) about a seemingly friendly manwho was able by flattery to persuade a young boy to turn a grindstone for him.The tale first appeared in the Luzerne, Pennsylvania,Federalist on September 7, 1810, under the title "Who'll Turn Grindstones?” and later in an 1815 book entitledEssays from the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe. Because "Poor Robert" was confused with "Poor Richard,”the story has often been erroneously attributed to Benjamin Franklin.The idiom itself is an Americanism—a word or expression originating in the United States.It was at first restricted to political contexts,but quotations from James Joyce ("Skin-the-Goat . . . evidently with an axe to grind, was airing his grievances")and George Bernard Shaw ("distinguished statesmen of different nations . . . each with a national axe to grind") attest that the phrase has traveled abroad and,as we know only too well, is no longer found only in political contexts.为了理解成语ax to grind 的出处， 我们需要知道grind 意思是“磨尖”。 这个短语据说出自19世纪旅行家查尔斯·麦纳（别名穷罗伯特）所写的关于一个似乎很友善的人的故事，他能够奉承地劝说一名男孩为他翻过一块磨光石。这个传说第一次出现在1810年9月7日宾夕法尼亚州的卢泽恩，在1810年9月7日题为“谁将推翻磨石”的联邦制拥护者 中提到， 之后1815年又在名为作家穷·罗伯特文集 一书中提到。 因为"poor Robert和"poor Richard"易被弄混淆，这个故事经常被错误地认为是本杰明·弗兰克林创作的。这个成语本身是美国式的词或表达源于美国。一开始被限于在政治性言词的情况中使用，但是从以下的引文表明这个短语已广泛地传播，一个是引于詹姆斯·琼斯（“这个显然别有企图的披着人皮的狼，正在诉苦”），另一个引自乔治·萧伯纳（“辨认出不同国家的人…每个国家都有自己国家的打算”），正如我们所熟知的，它不会只在政治性言论的上下文间才可以找到的〔Rilke〕German poet whose verse, often marked by a mystic lyricism and precise imagery, profoundly influenced 20th-century German literature. His collections includeThe Book of Hours (1905) and The Duino Elegies (1923). 里尔克，莱纳·玛丽：(1875-1926) 德国诗人，他的散文常以神秘色彩的抒情性和恰当的幻想而著称，并且深深地影响着20世纪的德国文学，他的文集包括《祈祷书》 （1905年）和 《杜伊诺哀歌》 （1923年） 〔potpourri〕A miscellaneous anthology or collection:文集：各种文学作品的集锦收集：〔Hale〕American Unitarian cleric and writer whose more than 150 literary works include the story "The Man Without a Country" (1863). His sisterLucretia Peabody Hale (1820-1900) wrote two noted children's books, The Peterkin Papers (1880) and The Last of the Peterkins (1886). 黑尔，爱德华·埃弗里特：(1822-1909) 美国一神论派牧师和作家，他写了150多部文学著作，包括的小说《没有祖国的人》（1863年）。他的妹妹卢克瑞提亚·皮博迪·黑尔 （1820-1900年）写了两部著名的儿童书籍 《彼得金文集》 （1880年）和 《彼得金加最后一人》 （1886年） 〔Cobbett〕British journalist and social reformer noted for hisRural Rides (1830), a collection of essays showing the deterioration of rural life brought about by the Industrial Revolution. 古伯特，威廉：(1763?-1835) 英国新闻工作者和社会改革家，因作品文集《乡村漫游》 （1830年）闻名，该文集揭示了工业革命引起农村生活的恶化 〔Repplier〕American essayist. A frequent contributor toAtlantic Monthly, she also published several volumes of essays, including Points of View (1891). 雷普利尔，阿格尼斯：(1855-1950) 美国论述作家。她不仅经常为《大西洋月刊》 撰稿，还出版了几本论述文集，包括 《观点》 （1891年） 〔ana〕A collection of various materials that reflect the character of a person or place:文集：反映出某人或某地特征的各种资料文集： |
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