| 单词 | 斯巴达 |
| 释义 | 〔laconic〕As the study of the classics has disappeared from the curriculum,so has the ready understanding that terms such aslaconic once possessed. Laconic, which comes to us via Latin from Greek Lakōnikos, is first recorded in 1583with the sense "of or relating to Laconia or its inhabitants.”Lakōnikos is derived from Lakōn, "a Laconian, a person from Lakedaimon,”the name for the region of Greeceof which Sparta was the capital.The Spartans, noted for being warlike and disciplined, were also known for the brevity of their speech,and it is this quality that English writers still denote by the use of the adjectivelaconic, which is first found in this sense in 1589. 当古典研究从学校的课程中消失的时候，人们对于诸如laconic 之类的曾经黯熟的词汇的本来理解也同时失去。 Laconic 这个词是从希腊文 Lakonikos 经拉丁文流传下来的， 它第一次出现于1583年，意思是“拉哥尼亚的或拉哥尼亚居民的”。Lakonikos 源于 Lakon ， 意为“一个拉哥尼亚人，来自拉栖第梦的人”，它是希腊的一个地区名，斯巴达是其首府。以好战和纪律严明闻名的斯巴达人也同样因为言简意赅而闻名，laconic 这个词从1589年起被发现有言简意赅的意思起直到今天仍然被英国作家用来表示这一意思 〔Lycurgus〕Spartan lawmaker who is considered the founder of the Spartan constitution.莱克格斯：9世纪斯巴达立法人，被认为是斯巴达法典的创立者〔Nicias〕Athenian general and politician who arranged (421) a briefly observed truce with Sparta during the Peloponnesian War and was captured and killed during his command of the siege of Syracuse.尼古拉斯：雅典将军、政治家。他于421年与斯巴达签署了伯罗奔尼撒战争的停火休战协议，在他命令围攻锡拉丘孳的战役中被逮捕并被杀死〔Sparta〕A city-state of ancient Greece in the southeast Peloponnesus. Settled by Dorian Greeks, it was noted for its militarism and reached the height of its power in the sixth centuryb.c. A protracted rivalry with Athens led to the Peloponnesian Wars (460-404) and Sparta's hegemony over all of Greece. Its ascendancy was broken by Thebans in 371. 斯巴达：伯罗奔尼撒半岛东南部古希腊的一个城邦。该城邦由多利安希腊人建立，以其军事主义著名，于公元前 6世纪达到全盛。它与雅典的长期对抗导致了伯罗奔尼撒战争（公元前460-404年）和斯巴达对整个希腊的霸权。它的支配地位于371年被底比斯人摧毁 〔Epaminondas〕Theban general and politician who defeated Spartan forces at Leuctra (371), thereby ending Sparta's military dominance of the Greek states.义巴敏诺达：古底比斯将军及政治家，在留克特拉（公元前371年）打败斯巴达军队，从而结束了斯巴达对希腊各城邦的军事统治〔Argos〕A city of ancient Greece in the northeast Peloponnesus near the head of the Gulf of Argolis. Inhabited from the early Bronze Age, it was one of the most powerful cities of ancient Greece until the rise of Sparta.阿戈斯：古希腊的一个城邦，位于伯罗奔尼撒半岛东北部，靠近阿尔戈利斯湾上方。青铜器时代早期开始有人居住，斯巴达兴盛前是古希腊最强盛的城邦之一〔Thermopylae〕A narrow pass of east-central Greece. It was the site of an unsuccessful Spartan stand against the Persians in 480b.c. 舍茅普利：希腊中东部狭窄通道，它是公元前 480年斯巴达与波斯人奋战失败之处 〔Mantinea〕An ancient city of southern Greece in the eastern Peloponnesus. Thebes defeated Sparta here in 362b.c. 曼梯尼亚：伯罗奔尼撒半岛东部，希腊南部的一个古城 ，公元前 362年，底比斯在这里打败了斯巴达 〔Messenia〕An ancient region of southwest Greece in the Peloponnesus on the Ionian Sea. It fought a series of wars against Sparta c. 736 to 371b.c. The Romans conquered the area in 146 b.c. 迈森尼亚：古希腊西南部的一个地区，位于伯罗奔尼撒半岛上，爱奥尼亚海沿岸。该地区从公元前 736年至371年曾发生过与斯巴达的一系列战争。 公元前 146年罗马人征服了这一地区 〔Samos〕An island of eastern Greece in the Aegean Sea off the western coast of Turkey. First inhabited in the Bronze Age, it was later colonized by Ionian Greeks and became an important commercial and maritime power in the sixth centuryb.c. Subsequently controlled by Persia, Athens, Sparta, Rome, Byzantium, and the Ottoman Empire, the island became part of modern-day Greece in 1913. 萨摩斯岛：希腊东部爱琴海上一岛屿，位于土耳其西岸附近。最早于青铜器时代就有人居住，后被爱奥尼亚希腊人殖民，在公元前 6世纪成为重要的商业和海上力量。先后被波斯、雅典、斯巴达、罗马、拜占庭和奥托曼帝国占领，1913年此岛成为今天希腊的一部分 〔Achaea〕An ancient region of southern Greece occupying the northern part of the Peloponnesus on the Gulf of Corinth. The cities of the region banded together in the early third centuryb.c. to form the Achaean League, which defeated Sparta but was eventually beaten by the Romans, who annexed Achaea in 146 b.c. and later gave the name to a province that included all of Greece south of Thessaly. 亚加亚：希腊南部古代一地区，包括伯罗奔尼撒北部在科林斯湾的地区。该地区的城市在公元前 3世纪早期组成亚加亚联盟。这个联盟击败了斯巴达，然而最终被罗马击败。罗马人在 公元前 146年吞并了亚加亚，后来以此命名包括塞萨利以南全部希腊的一个省 〔Tyndareus〕A king of Sparta and the husband of Leda.斯巴达国王，勒达的丈夫〔ephor〕One of a body of five elected magistrates exercising a supervisory power over the kings of Sparta.五长官之一：古代斯巴达每年由民选产生对国王有监督权的五位长官之一〔Laconia〕An ancient region of southern Greece in the southeast Peloponnesus. It was dominated by Sparta until the rise of the second Achaean League in the third and second centuriesb.c. 拉哥尼亚：古希腊南部的一个地区，位于伯罗奔尼撒东南部。在公元前 3世纪和2世纪之间的第二次亚该亚联盟崛起以前该地一直受斯巴达的统治 〔Clearchus〕Spartan military leader and governor of Byzantium (408). His rule was so severe that the people surrendered the city to the Athenians in his absence.克利阿科斯：斯巴达军事领导人，拜占庭统治者（公元前408年）。其统治的严酷导致在他不在时，人民献城给雅典人〔Menelaus〕The king of Sparta at the time of the Trojan War; husband of Helen and brother of Agamemnon.梅内莱厄斯：特洛伊战争期间的斯巴达王；海伦之夫及阿加门农之弟〔Lysander〕Spartan military leader who won the final victory over Athens (404) in the Peloponnesian War.来山得：斯巴达军事统帅，他在404年的伯罗奔尼撒战争中取得了对雅典作战的最后胜利〔laconic〕Latin Lacōnicus [Spartan] 拉丁语 Lacōnicus [斯巴达的] 〔Spartan〕Of or relating to Sparta or its people.斯巴达的：是或关于斯巴达的或其人民的〔helot〕Helot One of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, neither a slave nor a free citizen. Helot 希洛人：古代斯巴达家奴阶级中的一员，既不是奴隶，也不是自由市民〔Olynthus〕An ancient city of northeast Greece on the coast of Macedonia. As head of the Chalcidian League after the late fifth centuryb.c. , it opposed the threats of Athens and Sparta but was captured briefly by Athens and subjugated by Sparta in 379. Philip of Macedon destroyed the city in 348. 奥林索斯：希腊东北部，马其顿区一海滨古城。作为公元前 5世纪晚期哈尔基斯城邦联盟的首领，它曾极力与雅典和斯巴达相抗争，但在被雅典占领了一小段时间而后又于379年被斯巴达征服。马其顿国王腓力于348年摧毁了该城 |
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