| 单词 | 斯里兰卡 |
| 释义 | 〔Indic〕Of, relating to, or constituting the Indo-European languages of the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka.印度语支的：属于、组成或与印欧语系在印度次大陆和斯里兰卡存在的语支有关的〔rupee〕A basic unit of currency in India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka. See table at currency 卢比：印度、毛里求斯、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、塞舌尔和斯里兰卡的基本货币 参见 currency〔Bengal〕An arm of the Indian Ocean bordered by Sri Lanka and India on the west, Bangladesh on the north, and Burma and Thailand on the east.孟加拉湾：印度洋的一个海湾，西面以斯里兰卡和印度为界，北面以孟加拉国为界，东面以缅甸和泰国为界〔Vedda〕A member of the earliest people of Sri Lanka, originally forest-dwelling hunters but now almost completely assimilated into the modern Singhalese population.维达人：斯里兰卡最古老的民族的一员，原先是居住在森林中的猎人，但现在已几乎全部被现代的僧伽罗人所同化〔Tamil〕A member of a Dravidian people of southern India and northern Sri Lanka.泰米尔人：一支居住在印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的德拉威人的成员〔serendipity〕from Persian Sarandīp [Sri Lanka] 源自 波斯语 Sarandīp [斯里兰卡] 〔Colombo〕The capital and largest city of Sri Lanka, on the western coast of the island on the Indian Ocean. The city was probably known to Greco-Roman, Arab, and Chinese traders more than 2,000 years ago. It became capital of the crown colony of Ceylon in 1802 and of independent Ceylon in 1948. Population, 587,647.科伦坡：斯里兰卡首都和最大城市，位于印度洋西部海岸。2000年前为希腊一罗马、阿拉伯和中国商人所熟知。于1802年成为锡兰王属殖民地的首府，并于1948年成为独立的锡兰的首府。人口587,647〔Kandy〕A city of central Sri Lanka east-northeast of Colombo. The last capital of the ancient kings of Ceylon, it is a resort and religious center. Population, 97,872.康提：斯里兰卡中部一城市，位于科伦坡东北偏东。该市曾为古代锡兰国王的最后一个首都，现为旅游胜地和宗教中心。人口97,872〔Singhalese〕A member of a people constituting the majority of the population of Sri Lanka.僧伽罗人：构成斯里兰卡大多数人口的一个民族的成员〔Singhalese〕Sanskrit Siṁhalam [Sri Lanka] 梵文 锡玛哈勒姆 [斯里兰卡] 〔Indic〕A branch of the Indo-European language family that comprises the languages of the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. Also called Sanskritic 印度语支：印欧语系的一支，由印度次大陆和斯里兰卡的一些语言组成 也作 Sanskritic〔Jaffna〕A city of extreme northern Sri Lanka on Palk Strait. It was the center of an ancient Tamil culture until the Portuguese conquest of 1617. Population, 118,215.贾夫纳：斯里兰卡北部城市，位于保克海峡沿岸。曾是古泰米尔文化的中心，直到1617年被葡萄牙人征服。人口118,215〔peafowl〕Either of two large pheasants,Pavo cristatus of India and Sri Lanka or P. muticus of southeast Asia. 孔雀：印度和斯里兰卡的有冠孔雀属 雉类或东南亚的 孔雀属 雉类 〔Dravidian〕A large family of languages spoken especially in southern India and northern Sri Lanka that includes Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada.达罗毗荼语系：使用于印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的一个大语族，包括泰米尔语、泰卢固语、马拉亚兰语和卡纳拉语〔satinwood〕A deciduous tree(Chloroxylon swietenia) of India and Sri Lanka, having hard, yellowish, close-grained wood. 缎木：一种生长于印度和斯里兰卡的落叶树木（绿木树） ，有坚硬黄褐色的密纹木质 〔Singhalese〕The Indic language of the Singhalese that is the chief language of Sri Lanka.僧伽罗语：僧伽罗人所讲的印度语族语言，是斯里兰卡的主要语言〔orange〕Oranges imported to China from the United States reflect a journey come full circle,for the orange had worked its way westward for centuries, originating in China,then being introduced to India,and traveling on to the Middle East, into Europe,and finally to the New World.The history of the wordorange keeps step with this journey only part of the way. The word is possibly ultimately of Dravidian origin, that is, it comes from a language or languages in a large non-Indo-European family of languages,including Tamil and Telugu, that are spoken in southern India and northern Sri Lanka.The Dravidian word or words were adopted into the Indo-European language Sanskritwith the formnāraṅgaḥ. As the fruit passed westward,so did the word,as evidenced by Persiannārang and Arabic nāranj. Arabs brought the first oranges to Spain,and the fruit rapidly spread throughout Europe.The important word for the development of our term is Old Italianmelarancio, derived from mela, "fruit,” and arancio, "orange tree,” from Arabicnāranj. Old Italianmelarancio was translated into Old French as pume orenge, theo replacing the a because of the influence of the name of the town of Orange, from which oranges reached the northern part of France.The final stage of the odyssey of the word was its borrowing into English from the Old French formorenge. Our word is first recorded in Middle English in a text probably composed around 1380,a time preceding the arrival of the orange in the New World.从美国进口到中国的桔子恰恰反映出兜圈子似的行进里程，因为原产于中国的桔子几个世纪以来不断向西行进，先是被引入印度，之后传播到中东国家、欧洲，最后引进了新大陆，orange 这个词的发展历史只与桔子的发展历程在一部分时段上是有其同步性的， 它最可能是来源于达罗毗荼，也就是说，它来源于非印一欧语系中的一种或多种语言，包括用于印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的泰米尔语和泰卢固语。达罗毗荼语是以梵文形式引入印欧语系的，形式如narangch。 当这种水果向西传播时，这个单词也同样西传，从以下可得到明证，如波斯语中的narang 和阿拉伯语中的 naranj。 阿拉伯人把第一批桔子带到西班牙后，这种水果又迅速传遍整个欧洲。我们现时所用的这个词的发展期中重要的一词便是古意大利语melarancio ，源于 mela， “水果”及 arancio， “桔树”， 来源于阿拉伯语naranj。 古意大利语melarancio 翻译成古法语为 pume orenge， o 变换为 a 是因为受奥伦奇城名的影响， 桔子即由此地进入法国北部。这一单词长途跋涉的最后一站是它由古法语orenge 进入英语词汇。 我们所用的这一词汇最初载入中世纪英语是在大约1380年左右的一份文本当中，早于桔子进入新大陆的时间〔Singhalese〕Of or relating to Sri Lanka, the Singhalese, or their language or culture.斯里兰卡的僧伽罗人的、他们的语言、文化的或与之相关的〔lemongrass〕A tropical grass(Cymbopogon citratus) native to southern India and Sri Lanka, yielding an aromatic oil used as flavoring and in perfumery and medicine. 柠檬草：一种（香茅 香茅属） 的热带草，原产于印度南部和斯里兰卡，能从中提炼出一种香油，用来调味或制造香水或药物 〔Galle〕A city of southern Sri Lanka on the Indian Ocean. It was a trade center for the Chinese and Arabs by 100b.c. and later flourished as a Portuguese and Dutch port. Population, 77,183. 加勒：位于斯里兰卡南部濒临印度洋的一座城市，在公元前 100年时是中国和阿拉伯的贸易中心，后来发展成为葡萄牙和荷兰的港口。人口77,183 〔talipot〕A tall palm tree(Corypha umbraculifera) of India and Sri Lanka, having a spreading crown of very large fanlike leaves and a giant inflorescence that is the largest among the flowering plants. 伞干顶榈：一种产于印度和斯里兰卡的高大棕榈树（伞形行李叶椰子 行李叶椰子属） ，具有一个由很硕大的扇形树叶构成的伸展的树冠和开花植物中最大的一支巨型花穗 〔cent〕A unit of currency in Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Dominica, Ethiopia, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Kiribati, Liberia, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United States, and Zimbabwe. See table at currency 分：一种用于以下国家的货币单位,澳大利亚、巴哈马、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、文莱、加拿大、开曼群岛、塞浦路斯、多米尼加、埃塞俄比亚、斐济、格林纳达、盖亚纳、牙买加、肯尼亚、利比里亚、基里巴斯、马耳他、毛里求斯、纳米比亚、瑙鲁、荷兰、荷属安的列斯群岛、新西兰、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、塞舌尔、塞拉利昂、新加坡、所罗门群岛、索马里、南非、斯里兰卡、苏里南、斯威士兰、坦桑尼亚、特立尼达和多巴哥、图瓦卢、乌干达、美国和津巴布韦 参见 currency〔Anuradhapura〕A town of north-central Sri Lanka north-northeast of Colombo. The ancient capital of Singhalese kings of Ceylon, it has extensive ruins and is a Buddhist pilgrimage center. Population, 36,000.阿努拉达普拉：斯里兰卡中北部科伦坡东北偏北的一座城镇。是锡兰岛锡兰族国王的古都，有大片的废墟并且是佛教朝圣中心。人口36,000〔Mannar〕An inlet of the Indian Ocean between southern India and Sri Lanka. It has important pearl fisheries.马纳尔湾：印度南部和斯里兰卡之间印度洋上的一个小海湾，拥有重要的采珠业〔serendipity〕We are indebted to the English author Horace Walpole for coining the wordserendipity. In one of his 3,000 or more letters, on which his literary reputation primarily rests,and specifically in a letter of January 28, 1754,Walpole says that "this discovery, indeed, is almost of that kind which I call Serendipity, a very expressive word.”Perhaps the word itself came to him by serendipity.Walpole formed the word on an old name for Sri Lanka,Serendip. He explained that this name was part of the title of "a silly fairy tale, calledThe Three Princes of Serendip : as their highnesses traveled, they were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of . . . One of the most remarkable instances of thisaccidental sagacity ( for you must observe thatno discovery of a thing you are looking for, comes under this description) was of my Lord Shaftsbury [Anthony Ashley Cooper],who happening to dine at Lord Chancellor Clarendon's [Edward Hyde],found out the marriage of the Duke of York [later James II] and Mrs. Hyde [Anne Hyde, Clarendon's daughter], by the respect with which her mother [Frances Aylesbury Hyde] treated her at table.”我们非常感激英国作家霍勒斯·沃尔浦尔创造了单词serendipity。 他文学上的声誉主要依靠他的三千封或更多的信件中的一封，尤其是写于1754年一月二十八日的信中，沃尔浦尔说道“这一发现，实际上几乎是我称作意外发现珍奇事物的本领，一个非常有意味的词。”可能他得到这个单词也是靠意外发现珍奇事物的本领。沃尔浦尔创造这个词源自斯里兰卡的旧称Serendip 。 他解释说这个名字是“一个朴素的神话故事，称作The Three Princes of Serendip （斯里兰卡的三个王子）的童话”的名字的一部分： 当这些殿下旅行时，他们总是通过意外和精明地发现他们并没有寻求的东西…这种accidental sagacity（意外的聪慧） 的最著名的实例( 你必须注意到根据这种描述你没有 发现你 正在 寻找的东西） 是我的沙夫茨伯里老爷，偶然在钱塞勒·克拉伦登老爷处用餐时，发现了约克的杜克同海德夫人的婚事是根据她的母亲在吃饭款待她时发现的” |
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