| 单词 | 新奥尔良 |
| 释义 | 〔beignet〕New Orleans, Louisiana, has been a rich contributor of French loan words and local expressions to American English.One variety of speech in this city is so distinctive that it has a name:yat. Many of the words, such asbeignet, café au lait, faubourg, lagniappe, and krewe, reflect the New World French cuisine and culture characterizing this city and much of southern Louisiana. Other words reflect distinctive physical characteristics of the city:banquette, a raised sidewalk, and camelback and shotgun, distinctive architectural styles found among New Orleans houses. 路易斯安娜州的新奥尔良对法语词汇和当地表达方式溶入美式英语起了很大贡献。这个城市里的语言是如此独特以致人们叫它yat。 许多词如beignet，cafè au lait，faubourg，lagniappe 和 krewe 反映了该城和南路易丝安娜州大部地区的新大陆上法式的烹饪和文化特色。 其它词反映了该城独特的外貌和特征：banquette 高起的人行道， camelback 和 shotgun 新奥尔良房屋的独特建筑形式 〔beignet〕"a New Orleans coffeehouse selling beignets, an insidious Louisianian cousin of the doughnut that exists to get powdered sugar on your face"(Los Angeles Times)“一家新奥尔良咖啡屋出售贝奈特饼，它是面包圈家族中小施诡计的一种，吃的时候会把粉状糖弄到脸上去”(洛杉矶时报)〔strange〕"the quaint streets of New Orleans, that most foreign of American cities" (Winston Churchill).“新奥尔良奇异的街道是美国城市中最具外域特征的” （温斯顿·丘吉尔）。〔Metairie〕A community of southeast Louisiana, a suburb of New Orleans. Population, 149,428.梅泰里：美国路易斯安那州东南部一地区，是新奥尔良的郊区。人口149,428〔Houma〕A city of southeast Louisiana on the Intracoastal Waterway southwest of New Orleans. It is a processing center for seafood and sugar. Population, 30,495.霍玛：美国路易斯安那州东南部城市，临海湾沿岸航道，位于新奥尔良西南。为海鲜及糖业加工中心。人口30,495〔Louisiana〕A state of the southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico. It was admitted as the 18th state in 1812. Part of the vast region claimed by La Salle for France in 1682, it was first successfully settled in 1718 with the foundation of New Orleans. Control of the area passed to the United States in 1803, and the Territory of Orleans was created in 1804 when the northern part was split off to form the District of Louisiana (later the Territory of Louisiana and the Missouri Territory). Baton Rouge is the capital and New Orleans the largest city. Population, 4,238,216.路易斯安那：美国南部墨西哥湾的一个州，1812年被承认为美国第十八个州。作为被拉萨尔1682年宣称为法国领地的广阔地域的一部分，最初是在1718年随着新奥尔良的建立而被确定的。1803年美国获得了对该地区的控制权。1804年当北部分离出去形成路易斯安那区时，奥尔良准州被创立（后来有路易斯安那准州和密苏里准州）。培顿罗治是其首府，新奥尔良是其最大的城市。人口4,238,216〔Jefferson〕An unincorporated community of southeastern Louisiana on the Mississippi River west of New Orleans. Population, 15,550.杰斐逊：美国路易斯安那州东南部的一个非自治社区，位于密西西比河河畔，新奥尔良以西。人口15,550〔Laplace〕A village of southeast Louisiana on the Mississippi River west-northwest of New Orleans. It is a trade center in a truck farm and sugar cane area. Population, 16,112.拉普拉斯：美国路易斯安那州东南部的一个城镇，位于密西西比河上新奥尔良西北部偏西。是蔬菜农场和甘蔗产区的贸易中心。人口16,112〔submarine〕The long sandwich featuring layers of meat and cheese on a crusty Italian roll goes by a variety of names.Submarine, sub, and hero are widespread terms, not assignable to any particular region.Most of the localized terms are clustered in the northeast United States,where the greatest numbers of Italian Americans live.Jane Stern, having studied the great variety of American names for this sandwich, finds that upstate New Yorkers call it abomber, while speakers downstate refer to awedge. In the Delaware Valley,including Philadelphia and southern New Jersey,the sandwich is called ahoagie. In Italian restaurants in New England the menu is likely to include agrinder. Speakers in Miami use the nameCuban sandwich and in Maine,Italian sandwich, but in the southern Midwest, according to Stern, the nameItalian is common, with both Italian and Italian sandwich recapturing the authentic nationality of the sandwich. In New Orleansthe same sandwich is called apoor boy and is likely to be offered in a most un-Italian version featuring fried oysters.在意大利长圆面包上放上几层肉和干酪而做成的长三明治，已有好几个名称。Submarine，sub 以及 hero 是使用最为广泛的名称， 而并非哪个地区的专用。这种三明治的大多数地方性名称集中于美国东北部地区，那里是居住意裔美国人最多的地方。简·斯特恩在对这种三明治的各种美国名称进行研究后发现，纽约州北部的居民称之为bomber（轰炸机） ， 而纽约州南部的居民称之为wedge（楔形物） 。 在特拉华河谷，包括费城和新泽西南部，这种三明治叫做hoagie 。 在新英格兰的意大利饭馆的菜单上，它称为grinder 。 迈阿密人则使用古巴三明治 这个名称， 而缅因州人使用意大利三明治 这个名称。 依据斯特恩的研究，在中西部的南部，人们普遍使用Italian（意大利式） 这一名称，或者就叫它 意大利式 ，或者称之为 意大利三明治 。这两个名称都反映了该三明治的原产国。 在新奥尔良，相同的三明治又叫做可怜的男孩 ， 而其做法绝对是非意大利式的，因为当中夹有牡蛎〔Dixieland〕A style of instrumental jazz associated with New Orleans and characterized by a relatively fast two-beat rhythm and by group and solo improvisations.迪克西兰爵士乐：以新奥尔良城为代表的乐器爵士乐，以较快的两拍节奏及团体和个人的即兴演奏为特征〔faubourg〕The close political ties between Scotland and France during the 15th through 17th centuries were reflected in linguistic borrowing from French to Scots,as in the case offaubourg, a synonym for suburb. In Englandfaubourg seems to have lost the competition with the more popular suburb. However, in contemporary American English the word still exists,although it is virtually confined to the city of New Orleans, where,in fact,faubourg remains in use because of the city's French background. Even there it is used not as a common noun likesuburb but in combination in the names of various quarters of the city,for example,Faubourg Sainte Marie. These city districts, like their counterparts in Paris,such asFaubourg Saint-Germain and Faubourg Saint-Antoine, originally lay outside the city limits, hence the designationfaubourg, originally from Old French fors, "outside,” and borc, "town.” As the population grew outward,these former suburbs became part of the city proper.在苏格兰语对法语语言上的借用反应了15世纪到17世纪之间苏格兰与法国紧密的政治纽带，例如faubourg， 是 suburb 的同义词。 在英国，faubourg 看起来已丧失了与更流行的 suburb 的竞争力。 然而，在当代美国英语中，这个词仍然存在，尽管实际上它限于新奥尔良城。事实上，faubourg 保持在新奥尔良的使用是因为这个城市的法语背景。 它甚至不是像suburb 那样作为一个普通名词使用， 而是与城市的不同区的名字连在一起，例如圣玛丽亚区 。 这些城区，就像它们在巴黎的对应地区，如圣格梅茵区 和 圣安东尼区 一样，一般位于城区的外围， 因此名称faubourg 源自于古法语 fors ，“外面”，和 borc， “城镇”。 随着人口的向外增长，这些前郊区成了城区的一部分〔Jackson〕The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.杰克逊，安德鲁：(1767-1845) 美国第七任总统(1829-1837年），是1812年的战争中美军的将军，于1815年在新奥尔良打败英军。任总统期间他反对美洲银行，反对各州拥有把相抵触的联邦法律废除的权力，增大了总统的集权〔Chalmette〕A village of extreme southeast Louisiana on the east bank of the Mississippi River just below New Orleans. It is a processing center. Population, 31,860.查麦特：美国路易斯安那州东南端一个小村庄，位于新奥尔良州正南方密西西比河东岸。是一加工业中心。人口31,860〔Yat〕A member of a lower- and middle-class segment of the white population of New Orleans.耶特人：下等阶级及中产阶级的新奥尔良白种人中一员〔Pontchartrain〕A lake of southeast Louisiana north of New Orleans. A causeway links New Orleans with the region north of the lake.庞恰特雷恩湖：美国路易斯安那州东南一湖，位于新奥尔良以北。一条堤道将新奥尔良和该湖以北的地区联结起来〔banquette〕"The flower of loafers . . . was found stretched on the banquette on Tuesday night"(New Orleans Daily Picayune)See Regional Note at beignet “周二晚上人行道上到处留着闲逛的人们扔下的花”(新奥尔良每日琐记) 参见 beignet〔krewe〕"They . . . watched a parade of bands and New Orleans-style floats run by krewes throwing necklaces of colored beads"(Robert Reinhold)See Regional Note at beignet “他们…看着一队乐手和克鲁们开的新奥尔良风格彩车，那些人在上面抛着彩珠项链”(罗伯特·赖恩豪德) 参见 beignet〔Butler〕American army officer and politician. His harsh rule as military governor of New Orleans (May-December 1862) led to charges of corruption and Butler's removal. He later opened the impeachment proceedings against President Andrew Johnson (1868).巴特勒，本杰明·富兰克林：(1818-1893) 美国军官和政治家。他在新奥尔良担任军政首长时的铁腕政治(1862年5月-9月）导致了关于腐败的指控和巴特勒政府的消亡。后来他展开了对安德鲁·约翰逊总统的弹劾活动（1868年）〔Thibodaux〕A city of southeast Louisiana west-southwest of New Orleans. It is a commercial, industrial, and processing center. Population, 15,810.西波达西斯：美国路易斯安那州东南部一城市，位于美国新奥尔良西南偏西。是一个商业、工业和加工业中心。人口15,810〔Farragut〕American admiral who commanded Union ships on daring Civil War missions, including the capture of New Orleans (1862) and the taking of Mobile Bay (1864), during which he uttered his famous rallying cry, "Damn the torpedoes—full speed ahead!”法拉格特，戴维·格拉斯哥：(1801-1870) 美国海军上将，在南北战争中受命指挥联合舰队，攻占了新奥尔良(1862年）和莫比尔海湾(1864年），战争期间他发出了振奋士气的著名口号，“去他妈的鱼雷--全速前进!”〔twofer〕Going to a wedding in New Orleans during Mardi Gras was a twofer.在狂欢节日去新奥尔良结婚是一份钱两份货的好事〔Bogalusa〕A city of southeast Louisiana near the Mississippi border north-northeast of New Orleans. It was founded in 1906. Population, 16,976.博格拉萨：美国路易斯安那州东南部城市，靠近密西西比州，与新奥尔良的东北偏北接界。建于1906年。人口16,976〔lagniappe〕Lagniappe derives from New World Spanish la ñapa, "the gift,” and perhaps ultimately from Quechua yapay, "to give more.” The word came into the rich Creole dialect mixture of New Orleans and there acquired a French spelling. It is still used chiefly in southern Louisiana to denote a little bonus that a friendly shopkeeper might add to a purchase. By extension, it may mean "an extra or unexpected gift or benefit.” Lagniappe 源于新大陆西班牙语中的 la~napa （“礼物”），而且也许最终来自盖丘亚语中的 yapay （“给得更多”）。这个词进入了新奥尔良富有的克里奥耳人的对话用语并因此具有了法语的拼法。直至今日它还是主要用于路易斯安那州的南部，用来形容那些友好的店主们可能会在你所购物之外给予额外的东西。根据它的延伸意，该词可以指“额外的或意料不到的礼物或收益。” 〔muffuletta〕The New Orleansmuffuletta is one of the only large American sandwiches not made with a long crusty roll. Instead, it is made by filling a round loaf of Italian bread with layers of hard salami, ham, provolone, and olive salad.The shape of the bread and the presence of the olive salad distinguishes the muffuletta from thesubmarine sandwich. Marian Burros of theNew York Times traces the creation of the muffuletta to Salvatore Lupa's Central Grocery in New Orleans in 1910. The sandwich was a favorite lunch for Louisiana farmers on their trips into town.新奥尔良马夫那他 是唯一一种不是长硬皮面包卷做成的大型美国三明治。 而是在圆形意大利面包中塞有意大利硬香肠、火腿、干酪和橄榄油沙拉。面包的形状和橄榄油沙拉使得马夫三明治那他区别于潜水艇三明治 。 纽约时报 的马里娅·布诺斯发现马夫那他三明治，源于1910年新奥尔良的沙尔维多·路柏中心食品杂货店。 这种三明治是路易斯安那州的农夫进城时最爱吃的午饭〔krewe〕In order to organize and stage the enormous Mardi Gras carnival every year,many New Orleans families have belonged for generations tokrewes, groups that create elaborate costumes and floats for the many Mardi Gras parades in the two weeks leading up to "Fat Tuesday.”Not only do the krewes participate in the parades,but, as leaders of New Orleans society,they also hold balls and other elaborate events during the carnival season,which lasts from Christmas up to Mardi Gras itself.The krewes are responsible for electing Rex,the annual king of the carnival,whose parade is the climax of Mardi Gras.While masked paraders had long been a part of Mardi Gras,the first carnival group organized as such was the Mystick Krewe of Comus in 1857.Krewe is only a fanciful spelling of crew in its standard meaning, but the word, thanks to its association with Mardi Gras and New Orleans high society,has taken on some of the mystique of the carnival.为了组织和筹划每年盛大的大斋日前夜狂欢节，许多新奥尔良家庭世世代代都属于krewes 这种团体。 这些团体要在“油腻的星期二”来临前的两周，制作华丽服装和彩车供狂欢节游行使用。克鲁的成员们不仅参加游行，作为新奥尔良的上层人物，他们还要在狂欢节节期举行舞会和其它盛大的活动，这从圣诞节一直延续到大斋首日的前一天。克鲁成员还要选出一个Rex，即每年狂欢节的国王，他的游行是整个大斋首日前夜的高潮。化妆游行长期以来一直是大斋首日前夜狂欢节的一部份，而第一个这种狂欢节团体在1857年才建立，名叫“科摩斯神秘的群体”。Krewe 这个词是对普通意义的 crew 这个词一个花哨的拼法， 但是这个词由于与大斋首日前夜狂欢节和新奥尔良的上流社会联系在一起，便带上那个狂欢节的一些神秘气氛 |
| 随便看 |
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。