| 单词 | 新教 |
| 释义 | 〔Baptist〕Abbr. Bap.,Bapt.A member of an evangelical Protestant church of congregational polity, following the reformed tradition in worship, and believing in individual freedom, in the separation of church and state, and in baptism of voluntary, conscious believers.缩写 Bap.,Bapt.浸信会教友：卫理公会教堂福音派新教的一员，使用改革的祈祷传统，崇尚个人自由、政教分离和自愿洗礼、理智信仰〔Wycliffe〕English theologian and religious reformer. His rejection of the biblical basis of papal power and dispute with the doctrine of the transubstantiation of the host anticipated the Protestant Reformation.威克里夫，约翰：(1328?-1384) 英国神学家和宗教改革者，他反对圣经作为教皇权力的基础，抨击圣体论，由此激起新教改革运动〔Knox〕Scottish religious reformer and founder of Scottish Presbyterianism. While living in exile (1553-1559) during the reign of Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic, he came under the influence of John Calvin. Returning to Scotland (1559), Knox led the struggle for religious reform. With the drafting of the Confessions of Faith (1560), Protestantism became the established religion in Scotland.诺克斯，约翰：(1514?-1572) 苏格兰宗教改革家和苏格兰长老会的创建人。在天主教徒玛丽女王统治苏格兰时，他被流放。他在流放中（1553-1559年）受到了约翰·加尔文的影响。回到苏格兰以后（1559年），他领导了宗教改革斗争。随着《信仰声明》的起草(1560年），新教成为苏格兰的国教〔Protestantism〕The religion and religious beliefs fostered by the Protestant movement.新教教义：由新教运动形成的宗教和宗教信仰〔reformation〕Reformation A 16th-century movement in Western Europe that aimed at reforming some doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches. Reformation 宗教改革：16世纪西欧旨在改革罗马天主教某些教义和作法的改革运动，最终造成新教的建立〔Brunner〕Swiss theologian who advocated Protestant ecumenism and stressed the importance of revelation in the relationship between God and the individual.布鲁纳，（亨利希） 埃米尔：(1889-1966) 瑞士神学家，提倡新教普世教会主义，强调上帝和个人的联系中神启的重要性〔Armagh〕An urban district of southern Northern Ireland. Reputedly founded by Saint Patrick, it is the seat of both the Roman Catholic and Protestant primates of Ireland. Population, 12,700.阿马：北爱尔兰南部一市区。据说是由圣帕特里克创建，是爱尔兰罗马天主教和新教主教所在地。人口12,700〔congregationalism〕Congregationalism The system of government and religious beliefs of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing. Congregationalism 公理主义：一种政府和新教信仰的系统，其中每个教堂都是独立自治的〔Lutheran〕Of or relating to the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther.路德教的：关于新教中坚持路德观点的那一教派的〔phalanx〕"formed a solid phalanx in defense of the Constitution and Protestant religion"(G.M. Trevelyan)“为维护宪法与新教而组成的牢不可破的人阵”(G.M.特里维廉)〔Episcopalian〕Of, relating to, or belonging to the Episcopal Church.美国新教圣公会的：关于或属于美国新教圣公会的〔Marburg〕A city of west-central Germany north of Frankfurt. Europe's first Protestant university was founded here in 1527. Population, 76,260.马尔堡：德国中西部一城市，位于法兰克福以北。1527年欧洲第一所新教大学在此设立。人口76,260〔minister〕One who is authorized to perform religious functions in a Christian church, especially a Protestant church.牧师：基督教会中，尤指在新教中被授权进行宗教活动的人〔Puritan〕puritan One who lives in accordance with Protestant precepts, especially one who regards pleasure or luxury as sinful. puritan 清教徒似的人：尤指那些把快乐或奢侈看作罪恶的根据新教戒律生活的人〔Bothwell〕Scottish Protestant nobleman and third husband of Mary Queen of Scots, whose second husband, Lord Darnley, he murdered (1567). Acquitted of the crime, he wedded Mary and was soon forced into exile. He died while imprisoned in Denmark.波斯维尔：苏格兰新教贵族和苏格兰女王玛丽的第三任丈夫，他谋杀了玛丽的第二任丈夫达因利勋爵（1567年）。无罪开释后，他与玛丽结婚后不久被流放，在丹麦死于监狱中〔liberalism〕A 19th-century Protestant movement that favored free intellectual inquiry, stressed the ethical and humanitarian content of Christianity, and de-emphasized dogmatic theology.自由主义神学：19世纪一场新教活动，其主张自由的理性研究，强调基督教徒间伦理和人道的一致，而不强调教条的神学理论〔Latimer〕English prelate who refused to recant his Protestantism after the accession of Mary I, a Catholic, and was executed for heresy.雷帝默，休：(1485?-1555) 英国高级教士，他在天主教徒玛丽一世就职后拒绝放弃他的新教信仰而被当作异教徒处死〔Protestant〕Of or relating to Protestants or Protestantism.新教徒的，新教的：新教徒或新教的或与之相关的〔Kulturkampf〕"The 1920's proved to be the focal decade in the Kulturkampf of American Protestantism"(Richard Hofstadter)"20世纪20年代是美国新教文化斗争最激烈的年代”(理查德·霍夫施塔特)〔Nazarene〕A member of an American Protestant denomination, the Church of the Nazarene, that follows many of the doctrines of early Methodism.美国基督教新教教徒：美国基督教新教统治下的一员!拿撒勒人的教堂遵循了许多早期美以美教派的教条〔episcopal〕Episcopal Of or relating to the Episcopal Church. Episcopal 新教圣公会的：与美国新教圣公会有关的〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺）〔Methodist〕A member of an evangelical Protestant church founded on the principles of John and Charles Wesley in England in the early 18th century and characterized by active concern with social welfare and public morals.循道宗信徒：基督教新教路德教会的成员，此教会建立在英格兰的约翰和查尔斯·卫斯理在18世纪初期提出的原则之上，以积极关心社会福利和公众道德为特点〔Orangeman〕A member of a secret society founded in Northern Ireland in 1795 to maintain the political and religious ascendancy of Protestantism.奥兰治社团成员：1795年在爱尔兰北部成立的以支持当时政治和宗教的新教势力的秘密社团的成员〔Kierkegaard〕Danish religious philosopher. A precursor of modern existentialism, he insisted on the need for individual decision and leaps of faith in the search for religious truth, thereby contradicting Protestant dogma and Hegelianism. His works includeEither/Or and Fear and Trembling (both 1843). 克尔恺郭尔，瑟伦·阿比：(1813-1855) 丹麦宗教哲学家，现代存在主义先驱。他坚持在寻找宗教的真理时个人决定和信仰选择的需要，因而反对新教教条和黑格尔主义。他的著作包括《非此即彼》 和 《恐惧与颤栗》 （均出版于1843年） 〔pietism〕Pietism A reform movement in the German Lutheran Church during the 17th and 18th centuries, which strove to renew the devotional ideal in the Protestant religion. Pietism 虔诚主义：17和18世纪时德国路德教派的宗教改革运动，旨在努力恢复新教中奉献的典范〔Moravian〕A member of a Protestant denomination founded in Saxony in 1722 by Hussite emigrants from Moravia.摩拉维亚教派信徒：由来自摩拉维亚的赫斯信徒移民于1722年在萨克森地区设立的新教的成员〔chorale〕A Protestant hymn melody.赞美诗曲调：新教赞美诗的曲调〔convocation〕An assembly of the clergy and representative laity of a section of a diocese of the Episcopal Church.主教区会议：美国新教圣公会主教区的一部分神职人员和平民代表的集会〔Protestant〕A member of a Western Christian church whose faith and practice are founded on the principles of the Protestant Reformation, especially in the acceptance of the Bible as the sole source of revelation, in justification by faith alone, and in the universal priesthood of all the believers.新教徒：西方基督教会的一个成员，其信仰和实践建立在新教改革运动中提出的原则之上，并把圣经作为上帝启示的唯一来源，只承认因信称义，并认为所有的信徒都有作教士的资格〔evangelist〕One who practices evangelism, especially a Protestant preacher or missionary.福音传道者，尤指新教传教士 |
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