| 单词 | 新陈代谢 |
| 释义 | 〔corticosterone〕A corticosteroid, C21H 30O 4, that functions in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. 皮质甾酮：一种类皮质激素，C21H 30O 4，其作用于碳水化合物和蛋白质的新陈代谢 〔macronucleus〕The larger of two nuclei present in ciliate protozoans, which controls nonreproductive functions of the cell, such as metabolism.大核：原生动物纤毛虫类体中两个细胞核中较大的一个，控制细胞的非生殖性功能，如新陈代谢〔assimilate〕To transform (food) into living tissue by the process of anabolism; metabolize constructively.消化：通过合成代谢过程将食物转化到活组织里去；结构性新陈代谢〔Lipmann〕German-born American biochemist. He shared a 1953 Nobel Prize for studies of metabolic processes.李普曼，弗里兹·阿尔贝特：(1899-1986) 德裔美籍生化学家，因对新陈代谢过程的研究而获1953年诺贝尔奖〔NAD〕A coenzyme, C21H 27N 7O 14P 2, occurring in most living cells and utilized alternately as an oxidizing or reducing agent in various metabolic processes. 纳迪：一种辅酶， C21H 27N 7O 14P 2，存在于大多数活细胞中，而且在各种新陈代谢过程中作为氧化剂或还原剂交替使用 〔antivitamin〕A substance that destroys or inhibits the metabolic action of a vitamin.抗维生素：一种破坏或抑制维生素的新陈代谢功能的物质〔cretinism〕A congenital condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone during prenatal development and characterized in childhood by dwarfed stature, mental retardation, dystrophy of the bones, and a low basal metabolism. Also called congenital myxedema 愚侏儒病：一种因在胎儿发育期间缺乏甲状腺激素导致的先天性病症，症状为在少儿时期体型矮小、智力迟钝、骨骼营养不良以及基本的新陈代谢能力低下 也作 congenital myxedema〔thyroxine〕An iodine-containing hormone, C15H 11I 4NO 4, produced by the thyroid gland, that increases the rate of cell metabolism and regulates growth and that is made synthetically for treatment of thyroid disorders. 甲状腺素：甲状腺生成的一种能加速细胞新陈代谢并调节生长的含碘激素C15H 11I 4NO 4，可人工合成用于治疗甲状腺功能紊乱 〔guanidine〕A strongly alkaline crystalline compound, NHC(NH2) 2, formed by the oxidation of guanine and found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is commonly used in the organic synthesis of plastics, resins, and explosives. 胍：一种极易解潮的晶体化合物，NHC(NH2) 2，由鸟嘌呤氧化而成，尿中蛋白新陈代谢的正常产物。通常用于塑料、树脂和炸药的合成 〔antibiosis〕The antagonistic association between an organism and the metabolic substances produced by another.对抗作用：一个生物和另一种生物新陈代谢物之间的对抗性关系〔tryptamine〕A crystalline substance, C10H 12N 2, that is formed in plant and animal tissues from tryptophan and is an intermediate in various metabolic processes. 色胺：一种晶体状物质，C10H 12N 2，由色胺酸在植物或动物组织内形成，是各种新陈代谢过程中的媒介物 〔enolase〕An enzyme present in muscle tissue that acts in carbohydrate metabolism.烯醇酶：一种存在于肌肉组织里的酶，在碳水化合物的新陈代谢中起作用〔creatinine〕A creatine anhydride, C4H 7N 3O, formed by the metabolism of creatine, that is found in muscle tissue and blood and normally excreted in the urine as a metabolic waste. 肌酸酐：一种肌酸酐，C4H 7N 3O，由肌酸的新陈代谢形成，发现于肌肉细胞组织和血液中，一般作为新陈代谢的废物通过尿液排出 〔respiration〕The oxidative process occurring within living cells by which the chemical energy of organic molecules is released in a series of metabolic steps involving the consumption of oxygen and the liberation of carbon dioxide and water.呼吸作用：发生在活细胞内的氧化过程，在氧气消耗以及二氧化碳和水释放的一系列新陈代谢中，有机分子的化学能由此得到释放〔insulin〕A polypeptide hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level.胰岛素：一种胰岛分泌的多肽激素，作用于碳水化合物和脂肪新陈代谢的调节系统，特别作用于葡萄糖向降低血糖的糖原转化的过程〔hemodialysis〕A procedure for removing metabolic waste products or toxic substances from the bloodstream by dialysis.血液透析，血液渗析：通过渗析或透析把新陈代谢产生的废物排出血流的过程〔life〕The property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter, manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli or adaptation to the environment originating from within the organism.生命：活的有机物区别于死的有机物和无机物的特性和性质，主要表现在新陈代谢、生长发育、生殖、对刺激的反应、对环境的适应等有机体本身所固有的机能中〔prototrophic〕Having the same metabolic capabilities and nutritional requirements as the wild type parent strain:原质营养的：具有和其野生品系一样的新陈代谢能力和营养需求的：〔hyperthyroidism〕The condition resulting from excessive activity of the thyroid gland, characterized by increased basal metabolism.甲状腺功能亢进症：甲状腺过度活动造成的状态，特征是基本新陈代谢的增多〔hemochromatosis〕A hereditary disorder affecting iron metabolism in which excessive amounts of iron accumulate in the body tissues. The disorder is characterized by diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, and a bronze pigmentation of the skin.血色素沉着（症），血色病：一种影响铁的新陈代谢的遗传性疾病，大量多余的铁淤积在体内组织中。此疾病的特征是糖尿病、肝机能障碍及皮肤黄褐色色素沉着〔burn〕To metabolize (glucose, for example) in the body.代谢：体内的新陈代谢（例如葡萄糖）〔galactosemia〕An inherited metabolic disorder characterized by the deficiency of an enzyme that is necessary for the metabolism of galactose. The disorder results in elevated levels of galactose in the blood and, if untreated, can lead to mental retardation and eye and liver abnormalities.半乳糖症：一种遗传的代谢紊乱，因缺乏对半乳糖新陈代谢所必需的酶引起。这种紊乱会引起半乳糖在血液中的积聚上升，如果不治疗会导致大脑发育迟缓且眼和肝脏畸形〔respiration〕Any of various analogous metabolic processes by which certain organisms, such as fungi and anaerobic bacteria, obtain energy from organic molecules.呼吸作用：特定有机体从有机分子中获取能量的各种相似的新陈代谢过程，如真菌及厌氧细菌〔uridine〕A white, odorless powder, C9H 12N 2O 6, that is the nucleoside of uracil, important in carbohydrate metabolism, and used in biochemical experiments. 尿苷：白色无味粉末，C9H 12N 2O 6，是尿嘧啶中的核苷，在糖类新陈代谢作用中很重要，用于生化实验中 〔homocysteine〕An amino acid used normally by the body in cellular metabolism and the manufacture of proteins. Elevated concentrations in the blood are thought to increase the risk for heart disease by damaging the lining of blood vessels and enhancing blood clotting.高半胱氨酸：通常为人体细胞新陈代谢及制造蛋白质所需的胺基酸，提高血液的浓度被认为会增加心脏疾病发生的危险，因为如此一来会损伤血管内壁并促进血液凝固而导致危险发生〔epinephrine〕A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress, as from fear or injury. It initiates many bodily responses, including the stimulation of heart action and an increase in blood pressure, metabolic rate, and blood glucose concentration. Also called adrenaline 肾上腺素：肾上腺髓质分泌的荷尔蒙，由于肉体或精神的压力，如恐惧或受伤，而进入血液。它激发很多生理反应，包括刺激心脏活动，升高血压， 增加新陈代谢频率和血液中葡萄糖的浓度 也作 adrenaline〔catabolism〕The metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a release of energy.分解代谢：复杂分子转变为简单分子的新陈代谢的分解作用，常引起能量释放〔urea〕A water-soluble compound, CO(NH2) 2, that is the major nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and is the chief nitrogenous component of the urine in mammals and other organisms. Also called carbamide 脲，尿素：可溶水的化合物，CO(NH2) 2，是蛋白质新陈代谢的主要氮成品，并且是哺乳动物和其他生物尿液中的主要含氮成分 也作 carbamide〔metabolize〕To produce (a substance) by metabolism.通过新陈代谢过程产生（一种物质）〔metabolize〕To undergo change by metabolism.代谢变化：通过新陈代谢产生的变化〔provitamin〕A vitamin precursor that the body converts to its active form through normal metabolic processes. Carotene, for example, is a provitamin of vitamin A.维生素原：一种由身体通过正常新陈代谢过程，将其转化成活跃形式的维生素的前体，比如，胡萝卜素是维生素A的维生素原〔hypoxanthine〕A white powder, C5H 4N 4O, that is an intermediate in the metabolism of animal purines. 次黄嘌呤：一种白色粉末，化学式C5H 4N 4O，在动物嘌呤的新陈代谢中起媒介作用 〔vacuole〕A small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste.空泡，液泡：细胞的胞体浆里的水泡，只有单层的细胞膜，里面有水、食物和新陈代谢作用的废物〔metabolism〕The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized.新陈代谢：维持生命所必需的，发生于存活细胞中或生物体中的物理和化学过程的总和。在此过程中，一些物质被分解从而为生命过程提供能量，而另一些维持生命所必需的物质则被合成〔animal〕A multicellular organism of the kingdom Animalia, differing from plants in certain typical characteristics such as capacity for locomotion, nonphotosynthetic metabolism, pronounced response to stimuli, restricted growth, and fixed bodily structure.动物：动物界中的多细胞生物，某些典型特征与植物不同，如有运动能力，能进行非光合作用的新陈代谢，能对刺激产生有声反应，有限制的生长和固定的身体结构〔metabolic〕Of, relating to, or resulting from metabolism.新陈代谢的：新陈代谢的、与之有关的或由新陈代谢导致的〔mitochondrion〕A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy. Also called chondriosome 线粒体：几乎所有真核细胞中的球状或长丝状细胞器，包含遗传物质及对细胞新陈代谢重要的许多酶，包括负责把食物转化成可用能量的酶 也作 chondriosome〔micronutrient〕A substance, such as a vitamin or mineral, that is essential in minute amounts for the proper growth and metabolism of a living organism.微量养料；微量营养元素：一种对生物的正常生长和新陈代谢极其重要的微量物质，如一种维生素或矿物质〔metabolize〕To subject (a substance) to metabolism.使新陈代谢：使（一种物质）进入新陈代谢过程〔somatotropin〕A polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that promotes growth of the body, especially by stimulating the release of somatomedin, and that influences the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Also called growth hormone ,somatotropic hormone 生长激素：由垂体前叶分泌出来的促进身体生长的一种多肽荷尔蒙，尤其指通过刺激释放生长调节素以及影响蛋白质、碳水化合物及油脂物的新陈代谢作用物质者 也作 growth hormone,somatotropic hormone |
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