| 单词 | 无关 |
| 释义 | 〔Thackeray〕British writer whose novels, includingVanity Fair (1847-1848), explore the ethical and social pretensions of largely amoral Victorian characters. 萨克雷，威廉·梅克皮斯：(1811-1863) 英国作家，他的小说包括《美丽的虚荣》 （1847-1848年），研究了维多利亚时期人物基本上与道德无关的伦理和社会主张 〔apolitical〕Having no interest in or association with politics.不关心政治的，对政治无兴趣的：对政治不感兴趣或与政治无关的〔metrorrhagia〕Bleeding from the uterus that is not associated with menstruation.子宫出血：与月经无关的子宫出血〔extramusical〕Not relating to music:与音乐无关的：〔intervene〕To occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance:干扰：作为一无关的或计划外的情形发生：〔external〕Existing independently of the mind.客观的，物质的：与精神无关的〔mozo〕In the world of pack trains and cattle roundups,amozo provides a useful pair of extra hands. Back home on the ranch,the mozo helps with odd jobs,especially heavy work around the house.In the southwest United Statesmozo has taken on a general sense of "assistant,” even in areas not related to ranching: "An enterprising deputy of the opposition Partido de Acción Nacional (PAN) called a quorum count, only to find that . . . many of the reclining figures occasionally raising their hands were mozos (attendants)” (Latin America).In fact, to call an assistant amozo is essentially to call him a "boy,” formozo is Spanish for "young man.” Even though a mozo may not be a boy in years,the word is not used disparagingly.In other languagesporters or guides are commonly referred to as "boys"—for example,gillie, from Scottish Gaelic gille, means "boy.” 在行李车上或养牛场里，一个mozo 很能帮上一把。 回到农场的家中，男佣帮着做各种杂活，尤其是重体力家务活。在美国西南地区mozo 一般是“服务员”的意思， 甚至在与农场无关的地方也是如此： “一个有胆量的PAN的代表要求法庭达到法定人数，但只发现…许多偶尔举手的、可依靠的人都是随从” （拉丁美洲）。实际上，把一个帮手称为mozo 是称他为“男孩”， 因为mozo 是西班牙语的“年轻人”。 尽管男孩在年龄上并不是个男孩了，但该词不按原意来使用。在别的语言中，看门小厮或保安通常也被称作“男孩”，例如：gillie 源自苏格兰方言 gille 意思是“男孩” 〔extraneous〕Inessential or unrelated to the topic or matter at hand; irrelevant.See Synonyms at irrelevant 无关的：对主题或手头的事情无关紧要的或无关的；没有关系的 参见 irrelevant〔nonbusiness〕Unrelated to one's own business or employment.与某人自己的事务或职业无关的〔anovulatory〕Not associated with or influenced by ovulation.无关排卵的：与排卵无关的或不受排卵影响的〔anxiety〕 Anxiety suggests feelings of fear and apprehension, especially when these emotions seem unrelated to objective sources: Anxiety 指害怕或忧虑的感觉，尤指与客观来源无关的情绪： 〔clear〕Having been freed from contact, proximity, or connection:无关的，免除的：已脱离接触、邻近或联系的：〔independent〕a decision independent of the outcome of the study.与研究结果无关的决定〔commander〕The chief commissioned officer of a military unit regardless of his or her rank.队长，指挥官：军事单位主要的任命官员，与他或她的军衔无关〔curiosity〕A desire to know about people or things that do not concern one; nosiness.好奇心：想知道与自己无关的人或事情的欲望；爱管闲事〔suppletion〕The use of an unrelated form to complete a paradigm, as the past tensewent of the verb go, goes, going, gone. 异于互补：使用无关形式来完成词形变化，如动词“去”go,goes,going,gone 的过去式 went 〔groundside〕The part of an airport used for operations unrelated to the departure and arrival of aircraft.机场中用来进行与飞机起落无关的操作的部分〔priapism〕Persistent, usually painful erection of the penis, especially as a consequence of disease and not related to sexual arousal.阴茎异常勃起：阴茎长期并且通常很痛苦的勃起，尤指和性欲无关的，是病的结果〔nonpartisan〕Based on, influenced by, affiliated with, or supporting the interests or policies of no single political party:超党派的：不是建立在单个的政治党派基础之上的、不受其影响的、与其无关的或不支持其利益或政策的：〔mere〕Considered apart from anything else:认为与其他事无关的：〔fair〕Objective implies detachment that permits observation and judgment without undue reference to one's personal feelings or thoughts: Objective 指纯客观地观察，与一切个人感情、偏见或意见都无关： 〔parenthesis〕A comment departing from the theme of discourse; a digression.插话，插曲，穿插：与讨论的主题无关的看法；离题话〔digression〕An instance of digressing, especially a written or spoken passage that has no bearing on the main subject.离题段落：离题的例子，特别是指写作或演说中与主题无关的段落〔particle〕A body whose spatial extent and internal motion and structure, if any, are irrelevant in a specific problem.质点：其空间延伸和内部的运动和结构（如果存在的话）与某个具体问题无关的物体〔extramusical〕the extramusical importance of this opera, which led to a revolution.这部歌剧的与音乐无关的重要性在于它导致了一场革命〔verbal〕Concerned with words only rather than with content or ideas:文字上的，措辞的：只与言辞有关而与内容或思想无关的：〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔direction〕The distance-independent relationship between two points in space that specifies the angular position of either with respect to the other; the relationship by which the alignment or orientation of any position with respect to any other position is established.方向：空间两点间无关距离的关系，其中一点参照另一点表示角度位置；通过这种关系，任何位置的准线和方向可参照任何其他位置而得以建立〔nonmoral〕Unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.与道德或伦理无关的〔because〕A traditional rule holds that the constructionthe reason is because is redundant, and should be avoided in favor of the reason is that. The usage is well established, however, and can be justified by analogy to constructionssuch asHis purpose in calling her was so that she would be forewarned of the change in schedule or The last time I saw her was when she was leaving for college. All three constructions are somewhat less than graceful, however. ·Whenbecause follows a negated verb phrase, it should be preceded by a comma when thebecause clause explains why the event did not occur. He didn't marry her, because she was frivolous means roughly, "Her frivolity was his reason for not marrying her.”When no comma is used, thebecause clause is understood as part of what is being negated. He didn't marry her because she was frivolous means roughly, "His reason for marrying her was independent of her frivolity.”See Usage Note at as 1传统的原则认为结构the reason is because 太累赘，应避免，而赞同使用 the reason is that 。 这种用法被广泛地接受，并可以用类似的结构证明是正确的，如他 呼唤她 的目的是以便 她能预先知道时间安排的改变 ，或者 最近 一次 我看见她是 当 她正要去学院时。 然而所这三种结构都有不够完美的地方。当because 跟着一个否定动词短语时， 该在它前面加一个逗号来表示这个because 从句解释的是为什么这件事 没有 发生。 他不娶她，因为她很轻浮。 粗略的意思是， “她的轻浮是他不娶她的原因。”当没有用逗号时，这个because 从句被理解为被否定的部分。 他不娶她不是因为她轻薄， 粗略的意思是， “他和她结婚的原因与她的轻薄无关。” 参见 as1〔sardine〕Any of numerous small, silvery, edible freshwater or marine fishes unrelated to the sardine.淡水鱼，海水鱼：任一种各种小型、银色、可食用的与沙丁鱼无关的淡水或海水鱼类〔bearing〕Those issues have no bearing on our situation.那些问题与我们的情况无关〔ahistorical〕Unconcerned with or unrelated to history, historical development, or tradition:非历史的：与历史、历史发展和传统无关的：〔galactorrhea〕Spontaneous milk flow not associated with childbirth or the nursing of an infant.乳溢：乳汁自然流出，与分娩及喂奶无关〔extrinsic〕an issue extraneous to the debate. Somethingforeign is markedly different from and incompatible with the thing in question: 与辩题无关的争论。 指Foreign 的东西是与所谈的事物明显不同的和相互矛盾的： 〔wren〕Any of various similar unrelated songbirds.形似但与之无关的鸣禽〔ax〕Ax, a common nonstandard variant of ask, is often identified as an especially salient feature of African American Vernacular English. While it is true that the form is frequent in the speech of African Americans, it used to be common in the speech of white Americans as well, especially in New England. This should not be surprising since ax is a very old word in English, having been used in England for over 1,000 years. In Old English we find both āscian and ācsian, and in Middle English both asken and axen. Moreover, the forms with cs or x had no stigma associated with them. Chaucer used asken and axen interchangeably, as in the lines "I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf" and "Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle,” both from The Canterbury Tales. The forms in x arose from the forms in sk by a linguistic process called metathesis, in which two sounds are reversed. The x thus represents (ks), the flipped version of (sk). Metathesis is a common linguistic process around the world and does not arise from a defect in speaking. Nevertheless, ax has become stigmatized as substandard—a fate that has befallen other words, like ain't, that were once perfectly acceptable in literate circles. ask 的一般非标准变体 ax 常被认为是美国黑人英语极为显著的特色。尽管美国黑人在交谈中的确使用ax这种形式，但美国白人也在口语中普遍使用它，尤其是新英格兰的白人。不必对此表示惊奇，因为 ax 是个很古老的英语词汇，在英语中至少使用了1000年以上。古英语中有 āscian 和 ācsian, ，中古英语中有 asken 和 axen 。而且，带 cs 或 x 的形式同不好的含义无关。乔叟在下文中交替使用 asken 和 axen ："I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf（我问道，这是真是幻/将成为我的妻子）”和"Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle（人们问他，会降临什么）”，这两句话都出自 《坎特伯利故事集》 。带 sk 的形式经由 换位 的语言过程产生带 x 的形式，换位就是将两个音位置颠倒。因此 x 表示(ks)的发音，即(sk)的翻转发音。换位是世界通用的语言过程并且不会造成交谈中的欠缺。但 ax 已被记作非标准用法──同样降临在曾一度被知识界完全接受的其它单词（如 ain't ）的命运 〔conditioning〕A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to associate a desired behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus.条件作用：某一对象逐步将渴望的行为和先前无关的刺激因素联系起来的行为改变过程〔atheoretical〕Unrelated to or lacking a theoretical basis.非理论的，与理论无关的：与理论基础无关的或缺乏理论基础的〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： |
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