| 单词 | 日尔曼语 |
| 释义 | 〔Germanic〕A branch of the Indo-European language family that comprises North Germanic, West Germanic, and the extinct East Germanic.日尔曼语：印欧语系的分支，包括北日耳曼语、西日耳曼语和已灭绝的东日耳曼语〔mousse〕[partly of Germanic origin] [部分起源于日尔曼语] 〔whore〕Derivatives of Indo-European roots often make strange bedfellows. A prime example is the case of.kā-, "to like, desire.” From the stem.kāro- derived from this root came the prehistoric Common Germanic word .hōraz with the underlying meaning "one who desires" and the effective meaning "adulterer.” From this word came the Old English wordhōre, the ancestor of Modern Englishwhore. The same stem produced the Latin wordcārus, "dear,” from which came Modern Englishcaress, cherish, and charity, the highest form of love. Contact with East Indian culture has added yet another pair of derivatives from this Indo-European root to the English language.From the stem.kāmo- came the Sanskrit word kāmaḥ, "love, desire,” from which are derived the English borrowingsKama, "the Hindu god of love,” andKamasutra, "a Sanskrit treatise on the rules of love and marriage according to Hindu law.” 从印欧语词根派生出的词常产生奇怪的词伴。一个很好的例子就是ko- “喜欢，渴望”。 从这个词根派生出karo 这个词干，然后又产生出史前共同日尔曼语的 horaz 一词，暗指“渴望…的人”，也含有显著的意义“通奸者”。 从这个词又产生古英语中的hore， 这是现代英语whore 的前身。 这一词干产生了拉丁词carus “亲爱的”， 又由它而引出现代英语中的caress,cherish 和 charity 这是爱的最高形式。 与东印度文化的接触又给英语语言加上了另外两个从这个印欧词根派生出的词。从词干kamo- 产生出梵语词 kamah “爱，欲望”， 从这个词又产生出英语的外来词Kama “印度人的爱神”， 和Kamasutra “根据印度法律所制定的关于爱情和婚姻的规定的梵语论述” 〔hideous〕[possibly of Germanic origin] [可能源于日尔曼语系] 〔ermine〕[possibly of Germanic origin] [也许由日尔曼语演变而来] 〔rebuke〕*buker [to strike, chop wood] variant of Old French buschier from busche [firewood] [of Germanic origin] *buker [劈，砍木材] 古法语 buschier的变体 源自 busche [柴木] [属日尔曼语源] 〔moue〕[of Germanic origin] [起源于日尔曼语] 〔muff〕[perhaps of Germanic origin] [可能源于日尔曼语的] 〔Norse〕Of, relating to, or being the branch of the North Germanic languages that includes Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faeroese.北日尔曼语的：有，与…有关，或是北日尔曼语的，包括挪威语，冰岛语和费罗斯语〔winter〕Winter, spring, summer, fall.It is not too difficult to see how the season namesspring and fall came into being, but without some background information it is impossible to tell what the origins of the wordswinter and summer are. Summer goes back to the Indo-European root .sem-, meaning "summer.” From a suffixed form of this root came the prehistoric Common Germanic word.sumaraz, the ancestor of Old Englishsumor and its descendant, Modern English summer. This is the only Indo-European root referring to a season that has survived in an English name for a season.Of the other three,.wesr-, "spring,” has produced words such as vernal; ghyem-, "winter,” has given us words such as hibernate; andesen-, "harvest, fall,” has yielded earn ( from the prehistoric Common Germanic word.aznōn, "to do harvest work, serve"). Winter does, however, go back to the Indo-European root wed-, "water, wet.” From the formwe-n-d- of this root with the nasal infix -n- was derived the Germanic word .wintruz, with the underlying meaning "wet season" and the literal meaning "winter.”The Germanic word is the source of Old Englishwinter, the ancestor of Modern English winter. 冬，春，夏，秋。说出季节名spring 和 fall 的来历不是很难， 但如果没有一些背景知识，不可能知道winter 和 summer 的词源。 Summer 可追溯到印欧语中的词根 sem- ，意思是“夏天”。 给这个词根加后缀后又转化为史前的普通日尔曼词sumaraz， 这是古英语中sumor 的前身，由此又发展来现代英语中的 summer。 这是印欧语中表季节的词根在英语中作为季节名保留下来的唯一一个。另外三个wesr- “春”产生了象 vernal这类的词； ghyem-“冬”又给了我们单词 hibernate； esen- “收获，秋天”衍生出 earn ( 从史前的普通日尔曼词aznon “做收获的工作，服务”而来）。 然而winter 得追溯到印欧词根 wed- “水，湿的”。 由这个词根的we-n-d 形式和鼻音中缀 -n- 衍生出日尔曼语词 wintruz， 其隐含的意思是“湿润的季节”和字面意义“冬天”。这个日尔曼词是古英语中winter 的前身，也是现代英语 winter 的前身 〔wafer〕[of Germanic origin] * see webh- [日尔曼语源] * 参见 webh- 〔installment〕[of Germanic origin] * see stel- [日尔曼语词源的] * 参见 stel- 〔muffuletta〕[probably of Germanic origin] [可能起源于日尔曼语] 〔rebut〕bouter [to push] [of Germanic origin] * see bhau- bouter [推] [源于日尔曼语源] * 参见 bhau- 〔Oberon〕[of Germanic origin] * see albho- [源于日尔曼语的] * 参见 albho- 〔wince〕[of Germanic origin] [来源于日尔曼语] 〔guard〕[of Germanic origin] * see wer- 3[源自日尔曼语] * 参见 wer- 3〔helmet〕[of Germanic origin] * see kel- 1[日尔曼语源的] * 参见 kel- 1 |
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