| 单词 | 日常生活 |
| 释义 | 〔Eisenstaedt〕German-born American photographer who pioneered photojournalism with his unposed documentary photographs of daily life and historic events.艾森施塔特，艾尔弗雷德：(生于 1898) 德裔美国摄影工作者，以其反应日常生活和重大历史事件的自然的记实照片而成为摄影新闻的先驱〔Dekker〕English playwright whose comedyThe Shoemaker's Holiday (1600) is notable for its vivid portrayal of daily life in London. 德克，托马斯：(1572-1632) 英国剧作家，其喜剧《鞋匠的节日》 （1600年）以栩栩如生地描绘了伦敦的日常生活而闻名 〔verismo〕An artistic movement of the late 19th century, originating in Italy and influential especially in grand opera, marked by the use of common, everyday themes often treated in a melodramatic manner.真实主义运动：19世纪晚期的一次艺术运动，起源于意大利并在大歌剧中尤具影响力，以采用按情节剧方式处理的日常生活的主题为特征〔Byrd〕American planter and colonial official whose diaries (written in shorthand) provide a rare and humorous account of daily life in pre-Revolutionary Virginia.伯德，威廉：(1674-1744) 美国农场主和殖民地军官，其日记（速记体）提供了关于革命前夕弗吉尼亚州日常生活稀有而幽默的记录〔Burton〕English cleric and writer known chiefly for hisAnatomy of Melancholy (1621), a treatise on the causes, symptoms, and cure of melancholy that ranges far afield in its lively depiction of everyday life. 伯顿，罗伯特：(1577-1640) 英国牧师和作家，尤以其作品《忧郁的剖析》 （1621年）而闻名，这部作品是一部关于忧郁的起因、症状和治疗的论文，其对日常生活的生动描写涉及领域很广 〔rival〕"They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival"(Doris Kearns Goodwin)“他们取得的成就比他们所梦想的还要多，这给他们的家族史注入了一股魔力，使得任何神话及日常生活都没法匹敌”(多丽丝·克恩斯·古德温)〔farouche〕an artist who was farouche even in everyday life.一个甚至在日常生活中也很狂放的艺术家〔genre〕A realistic style of painting that depicts scenes from everyday life.风俗画：一种从日常生活中描绘场景的现实主义风格的画〔life〕real life; everyday life.真实的生活；日常生活〔Jataka〕Any of a genre of Buddhist texts containing stories about a former birth of Gautama Buddha.本生经：以佛教徒为内容的日常生活绘图，包括有关乔达摩佛陀(释迦牟尼)前世的故事〔identify〕In the sense "to associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group,”identify has developed two distinct subsenses. In one, the verb suggests a psychological empathy with the feelings or experiences of another person,as inMost young readers readily identify (or identify themselves ) with Holden Caulfield. This usage derives originally from psychoanalytic writing,where it has a specific technical sense,but like other terms from that field,it was widely regarded as jargon when introduced into the wider discourse.In particular,critics seized on the fact that in this sense the verb was often used intransitively,with no reflexive pronoun.As Wilson Follett wrote in 1966,"The critic . . . could help restore the true notion in these words if he would give upidentifying at large and resume identifying himself with Ivan Karamazov, Don Quixote, Mary Poppins, or whomever.” In recent years, however, this use ofidentify with without the reflexive has become a standard locution. Eighty-two percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentenceI find it hard to identify with any of his characters; whereas only 63 percent now accepts this same usage when the reflexive pronoun is used,as inI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters. · Omission of the reflexive with this use ofidentify serves among other things to distinguish it from use of the verb to mean "to associate (oneself) with the goals, interests, or principles of a group.” This use of the verb can be traced back to the 18th century,but it is now somewhat less acceptable to the Panel than the first sense under discussion:58 percent of the Panel accepts the sentenceShe identified herself with the campaign against drug abuse, and only 40 percent acceptsShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse, where no reflexive pronoun is used. 在“使（自己）密切联系或依附于别人”这一意思中的。identify 一词又有两种不同的含义。 第一，这个动词表现了对其他人的感情或经历在心理上的认同，例如大多数青年读者很快认同了 （或 identify themselves ) 霍尔顿·科尔菲德。 这种用法来源于有关心理分析的著作，在这些著作中，这个词具有特殊的科技含义，不过就象从该领域引入的其它词语一样，这个词在日常生活使用中还带有专业术语的痕迹。特别指出的是，批评家们在发现这个词常常作为不及物动词来用，后面不带反身代词。正如威尔逊·福勒特1966年写到的，“如果评论家们很早就全面放弃identifying 而重新使用 identifying himself with 伊万·卡拉玛佐夫、堂吉诃德、玛丽·波普斯等人物，那就会有助于探询出这些词的真实含意。” 不过，近年来使用identify with 中间不加反身代词已成为一种标准搭配。 用法专题小组中82%的成员认为我觉得很难认同于他小说中的人物 一句是正确的； 而现在只有63%的成员接受使用反身代词来表达同一意思的句子，即I find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters。 省略反身代词以及其它一些方法，使identify 这种用法区别于它作为动词在“与某个集团的目标、利益或原则相联系”一句中的意思。 它作为动词的用法可追溯到18世纪，不过对于用法专题小组来说它没有第一种解释那样被易于接受：58%的小组成员接受她支持反对滥用药物的运动 这一说法， 只有40%的成员接受不要反身代词的She identified with the campaign against drug abuse 这一说法 〔adjusted〕Having achieved psychological balance, especially regarding others or the demands of everyday life:适应环境的：获得心理平衡的，尤指对于他人或日常生活需要：〔cocooning〕"The harassments of daily life—looming nuclear incineration, rude waiters—have driven people to cocooning. They have gone to ground in their dens . . . to keep at bay the modern world"(George F. Will)“日常生活的烦恼——就像快要发生核焚化，粗暴的服务员——迫使人们变得作茧隐藏自己。他们走到隔绝处…以便在现实世界中给自己保留一个立身之所”(乔治F.威尔)〔Szymborska〕Polish poet noted for her metaphysical and witty poems concerning daily life and her many translations of French poetry into Polish. She won the 1996 Nobel Prize for literature.辛波丝卡，维丝拉瓦：波兰诗人，因创作有关日常生活的形而上学和睿智的诗歌，并把许多法国诗集翻译成波兰语而闻名。她是1996年诺贝尔文学奖得主〔Rockwell〕American illustrator whose works, many of which appeared on the cover of theSaturday Evening Post, offer a nostalgic, idealized view of everyday American life. 罗克韦尔，诺曼：(1894-1978) 美国插图画家，他的绘画表现了对理想化的美国人日常生活的怀恋，很多刊登在《周六晚邮报》 的封面上 |
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