| 单词 | 明智 |
| 释义 | 〔theosophy〕Greek sophia [wisdom] 希腊语 sophia [明智] 〔judicious〕Having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent.明断的：具有或表现出明智判断的；审慎的〔rational〕Having or exercising the ability to reason.理性的，明智的：具有或者使用理性能力的〔Mazdaism〕from mazdā- [wise] * see Ahura Mazda 源自 mazdā- [明智的] * 参见 Ahura Mazda〔discriminate〕To make sensible decisions; judge wisely.作出明智的决定；明智地判断〔wisdom〕A wise outlook, plan, or course of action.明智：明智的看法、计划或行为过程〔saying〕"For a wise man, he seemed to me . . . to be governed too much by general maxims" (Edmund Burke).“在我看来，一个明智的人似乎过于被普遍公理束缚了” （埃德蒙·伯克）。〔underling〕People trying to build their vocabulary often study affixes,a not unreasonable way to proceed.But studying a group of words that share an affix can be fascinating in its own right in the way that studying common features in a photograph of an extended family can be fascinating.The suffix-ling is Germanic in origin and had several uses already in Old English.For example, it could be added to a noun to make a second noun that referred to something connected with or similar to the first noun;thus, adding the suffix to the Old English wordyrth, "ploughland,” produced the Old English word yrthling, "plowman.” The suffix could also be added to an adjective to make a noun that referred to something having the quality denoted by the adjective:from Old Englishdēore, "dear, beloved,” was derived dēorling (Modern English darling ). Adding-ling to an adverb produced a noun referring to something having the position or condition denoted by the adverb: from Old Englishunder came underling. The last use of the-ling family to be described here was actually borrowed from another Germanic source, Old Norse. The Old Norse version of the-ling suffix was used to form diminutives; thus, our wordgosling was a borrowing in Middle English of an Old Norse word, gæslingr, "gosling.” 想要扩大词汇量的人常常去研究词缀，这不失为一种明智的方式。就象研究一个扩大了的家庭的照片中家人的共同特征一样吸引人，研究一组词缀相同的单词本身可能也会令人意醉神迷。-ling 这一后缀源于日耳曼语， 在中古英语中便已有已几种用法。例如，它可以和一个名词相连形成另一个与之关联或相似的名词；这样，把这个后缀加到古英语单词yrth “耕地”后边便形成了另一古英语单词 yrthling “农夫”。 这个后缀还可以加在一个形容词后边形成具有该形容词所示特征的名词：从古英语单词deore, “亲爱的，被爱的”中派生出 deorling （现代英语中的 darling )。 把-ling 加在一副词后边可以产生具有该副词所示情况或状态的名词： 从中古英语的under 形成 underling 。 这里所要描述的-ling 家族的最后一个用法事实上是来源于另一支日耳曼语言，古挪威语。 在古挪威语中-ling 这一后缀被用作小后缀； 这样，我们的单词gosling 便是中世纪英语中的一个外来词，来源于古挪威语单词 goeslingr, “小鹅” 〔saying〕My wise saws gave little comfort to the losing team. Amotto is a maxim that expresses the aims, character, or guiding principles of a person, a group, or an institution: 我的明智箴言不会给失败者带来丝毫安慰。 而单词Motto 是表达个人、组织或机构的目标、特征或指导原则的话： 〔sage〕from Latin sapere [to be wise] * see sep- 源自 拉丁语 sapere [聪明，明智] * 参见 sep- 〔intelligent〕Showing sound judgment and rationality:明智的，深思熟虑的：显示出可靠的判断和推理的：〔Solomonic〕"The court also will have to make the Solomonic determination whether any age limit applies"(Tom Wicker)“法院将就是否适用任何年龄限制而作出明智的决定”(汤姆·威克)〔oracle〕A person considered to be a source of wise counsel or prophetic opinions.先知：被认为具有明智意见或先知见解的人〔uncertainty〕"A wise skepticism is the first attribute of a good critic" (James Russell Lowell).“明智的怀疑主义是造就一个优秀批评家的第一要素” （詹姆斯·罗素·劳维尔）。〔deep〕Very learned or intellectual; wise:博学的：渊博的，聪慧的；明智的：〔sane〕Having or showing sound judgment; reasonable.明智的：具有或表现出明断的；理智的〔sophism〕from sophos [clever, wise] 源自 sophos [聪明的，明智的] 〔lucid〕Mentally sound; sane or rational.明理的：精神上健康的，明智的或理性的〔blinkered〕"He grasped the meaning of a blinkered youth"(Benjamin DeMott)"The characters have a blinkered view and, misinterpreting what they see, sometimes take totally inexpedient action"(Pauline Kael)“他知道了一个主观片面的青年意味着什么”(本杰明·德莫特)“人物的见解主观片面，错误解释他们的所见，有时还采取完全不明智的行动”(保利娜·克尔)〔wisdom〕Wise teachings of the ancient sages.古训：古代智者明智的教育〔sensible〕Acting with or exhibiting good sense:明智的：明智地行动或表现明智的：〔judge〕These nouns denote persons who make decisions that determine points at issue.Ajudge is one capable of making rational, dispassionate, and wise decisions: 这些名词指作出决定来解决争论点的人。judge 是指能够作出理智、冷静并且明智的决定的人： 〔judgment〕The capacity to assess situations or circumstances and draw sound conclusions; good sense:判断力，明智，见识：对处境或周围环境作出估计并且得出明智结论的能力；辨别是非的能力：〔constitutionalize〕"Today a like kind of wisdom might caution against constitutionalizing every grievance that might (or might not) appear tomorrow"(Potter Stewart)“现在比较明智的做法是多加小心，避免以后将可能出现（或可能不出现）的每件不平之事的宪法化”(波特·斯图尔特)〔old〕Having or exhibiting the wisdom of age; mature:成熟的：具有或表现出老年的明智的；成熟的：〔sage〕Having or exhibiting wisdom and calm judgment.明智的：具有智慧和镇定地判断能力的〔too〕It was not too bright of them to build in an area where rock slides occur. 他们在发生过石崩的地方造房子，这不是一个特别明智的决定。 〔prude〕Being a prude has never been widely considered a good thing,but if we dig further into the history of the wordprude, we will find that it had a noble past.The change for the worse took place in French.Frenchprude first had a good sense, "wise woman,” but apparentlya woman could be too wise or, in the eyes of some,too observant of decorum and propriety,and soprude took on the sense in French that was brought into English along with the word, first recorded in 1704.The French word first meant "wise woman"becauseprude was a shortened form of prude femme (earlier in Old Frenchprode femme ), a word that was modeled on earlierpreudomme, "a man of experience and integrity.” The second part of this word is, of course,homme, "man.” Old Frenchprod, meaning "wise, prudent,” is from Vulgar Latin prōdis with the same sense. Prōdis in turn comes from Late Latin prōde, "advantageous,” derived from the verbprodesse, "to be good.” We can see that the history ofprude is filled with usefulness, profit, wisdom, and integrity, but in spite of all this,things did not turn out that well.人们从来没有普遍地认为做一个拘守礼仪的人是一件好事，但是如果我们深挖prude 这个词的历史， 我们会发现这个词有一个体面的过去。这个词变成贬义是在法语中发生的。法语词prude 开始时是褒义的，意为“明智或聪明的女人，” 但是很显然，女人可能会过于聪明或者在某些人的眼里，对仪表和行为的得体过分注重，这样法语词prude 就有了这个和词一起被引入英语的意思， 并最早记载于1704年。这个法语词开始时的意思之所以是“聪明的女人”，因为prude 是 prudefemme 的缩写形式 （更早的时候在古法语中为prodefemme )， 这个词模仿更早的一个词preudomme “一个富有经验而又正直的男人”而来。 这个词的第二部分当然是意为“男人”的homme。 意思是“聪明，谨慎”的古法语prod 由一个相同意思的俗拉丁词 prodis 而来。 Prodis 从后期拉丁语 prode 演变而来，意为“有利的”， 该词又从意思为“从善”的动词prudesse 衍生而来。 我们现在明白prude 的历史充满了有利、利益、智慧或忠诚的意思， 但尽管如此，事情并没有变得那么好〔sanity〕Soundness of judgment or reason.明智：充分有力的判断或推理〔pacify〕"A wise government knows how to enforce with temper or to conciliate with dignity" (George Grenville).“一个明智的政府明白如何通过调和来加强或以威严来安抚” （乔治·格伦维尔）。〔politic〕Using, displaying, or proceeding from policy; judicious:明智的；策略的：使用、显示或来源于精明的；审慎的：〔wise〕Having wisdom or discernment for what is true, right, or lasting; sagacious:英明的，明断的：具有智慧的；具有识别什么是真的、正确的或永久的洞察力的；明智的：〔oracle〕An authoritative or wise statement or prediction.圣言或睿智的话：权威的或明智的话或预言〔unsell〕To persuade not to believe in the advisability, worth, or truth of something.动摇某人：劝说…不去相信某事的明智，价值或真实〔mindless〕Having no intelligent purpose, meaning, or direction:盲目的：没有明智的目标、意义或方向的：〔restrain〕"a wise and frugal government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another" (Thomas Jefferson). “明智而节俭的政府会阻止人们彼此间的伤害” （托马斯·杰斐逊）。 〔politic〕a politic decision.一个明智的决定〔voluntary〕"In life courtesy and self-possession, and in the arts style, are the sensible impressions of the free mind,for both arise out of a deliberate shaping of all things" (William Butler Yeats).“在生活中礼貌和镇定，在艺术风格上是自由思想的明智反映，因为二者均出于对所有事物的有意的塑造” （威廉·巴特勒·叶芝）。〔prudence〕 Discretion suggests prudence coupled with wise self-restraint,as in resisting the impulse to take rash action: Discretion 指带有明智的自我节制的谨慎，如能抑制采取莽撞行动的冲动： 〔sensible〕a sensible person; a sensible choice.通情达理的人；明智的抉择 |
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