| 单词 | 显得 |
| 释义 | 〔urgent〕As more nations acquire nuclear weapons the necessity for preventing war becomes imperative. Somethingexigent requires swift action or remedy: 当更多的国家拥有核武器后，阻止战争的必要性越发显得刻不容缓。 如果说某事是exigent 就说明此事要求快速的行动或补救： 〔sickly〕"Timidity . . . sicklies the whole cast of thought in action"(Henry Adams)“腼腆…使所有的思想实施起来显得苍白无力”(亨利·亚当斯)〔wizardry〕A power or an effect that appears magical by its capacity to transform:魔力：由于具有变换能力而显得有魔力的力量或效果：〔gloom〕Probably from Middle English gloumen [to become dark, look glum] 可能源自 中古英语 gloumen [变黑暗，显得忧闷，阴郁] 〔farouche〕Exhibiting withdrawn temperament and shyness coupled with an air of cranky, often sullen fey charm:怕生的，害羞的：（因神态郁闷古怪而显得）性格畏缩、害羞的：〔silhouette〕An outline that appears dark against a light background.See Synonyms at outline 剪影：一个在比较亮的轮廓背景映衬下显得很暗的轮廓 参见 outline〔individual〕Since the 19th century, however,there have been numerous critical objections to use of the word to refer simply to "a person" where no larger contrast is implied,as inTwo individuals were placed under arrest or The Mayor will make time for any individual who wants to talk to her. In such contexts the wordsperson and people will usually do the same semantic job with less affectation. 不过19世纪以后，这个词被用来仅指“一个人”，而没有暗含与群体相对的意思；但这种用法引起了很多批评和反对。例如在两人被捕了 或 谁要想和市长谈谈，她都愿意腾出时间来 这两句话中。在这样的上下文中， 用person 和 people 可以表达同样的意思，也不显得矫揉造作 〔fey〕Appearing touched or crazy, as if under a spell.发疯的，古怪的：仿佛中了邪似的显得神经兮兮的或疯狂的〔wish〕 Both usages are likely to sound stilted in informal style, however. ?Whenwish precedes a subordinate clause containing a contrary-to-fact statement, strict grammatical correctness requires that one usewere rather than was : I wish I were (not was ) lighter on my feet. Many writers continue to insist on this rule,but precedent for using the indicativewas in such clauses can be found in the works of many writers, including King Alfred and Jonathan Swift. See Usage Note at if ,want 但这两种用法在非正式文体中会显得不自然。当wish 后面接一个与事实相反的陈述句作从属分句时， 按严格的语法来说，应在从句中用were 代替 was ： I wish I were （不是 was ) lighter on my feet（多希望我能步履轻盈。） 许多作家仍坚持这条规则，但在从句中用表陈述的was 可在许多作家包括金·阿尔弗雷德和约纳森·斯威夫特的作品中找到先例 参见 if,want〔burlesque〕A literary or dramatic work that makes a subject appear ridiculous by treating it in an incongruous way, as by presenting a lofty subject with vulgarity or an inconsequential one with mock dignity.See Synonyms at caricature 讽刺作品，滑稽戏剧：以一种不和谐的方式看待事物，使其显得滑稽可笑的文学或戏剧作品，比如用丑陋来表达高尚的主题或者给一个微不足道的人以虚假的高位显爵 参见 caricature〔champ〕To show impatience at being held back or delayed.急不可待：因受阻拦或耽误而显得急不可待〔sophomoric〕Exhibiting great immaturity and lack of judgment:过于简单化的：显得非常不成熟以及缺乏判断能力的：〔old〕a child who is old for his years.就其年龄来说显得成熟的孩子〔prewashed〕Washed by the manufacturer so as to impart a softer texture or faded appearance. Used of textiles or clothing:水洗的：由制造商洗磨的，主要是为了使质地显得更柔软或追求褪色的效果用于描绘纺织品或布料：〔conspicuous〕Attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeable.See Synonyms at noticeable 惹人注意的：（通过显得不平常或出色而）惹人注意的；值得注意的 参见 noticeable〔antique〕antiqued an oak chest.使这个橡木箱子显得古色古香〔whose〕It has sometimes been claimed thatwhose should be used only as the possessive form of who and should thus be restricted to animate antecedents, as ina man whose power has greatly eroded. But there is extensive literary precedent for the use ofwhose as the possessive of which, as inThe play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period. In an earlier survey this example was acceptable to a large majority of the Usage Panel.The alternate formof which also can be used to this purpose, as in The play, the style of which is rigidly formal, is typical of the period. But as this example demonstrates, substitutingof which for whose may result in stiltedness. See Usage Note at else ,which ,who 人们有时认为whose 只应作为 who 的所有格形式并限于表示有生命的先行词， 如在句子a man whose power has greatly erode. （能力已大大衰退的人）中。 但把whose 用作 which 的所有形式也是有许多先例的， 如 the play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period. （这个剧本的文体僵化正式，是当时的典型）。 在早期，这种用法对于用法专题小组的多数人来说都是可以接受的。其变化形式of which 在这种情况下也可用，如 The play, the style of which is rigidly formal, is typical of the period. 。但象 这个例子所显示的一样，用of which 代替 whose 会显得不自然 参见 else,which,who〔impractical〕Refloating the sunken ship proved impractical because of the great expense.打捞沉船由于费用巨大而显得不切实际〔penetrative〕Displaying keen insight; acute.显得有洞察力的；敏锐的〔smell〕To appear to be dishonest; suggest evil or corruption.显得不老实；暗示邪恶或腐败〔insubordinate〕Thomas Paine's pamphletCommon Sense must have seemed seditious to colonial Tories. 对于殖民主义的托利党人来说托马斯·潘恩的小册子《常识》 一定显得具有煽动性 〔genteel〕Marked by affected and somewhat prudish refinement.假作高雅的，假斯文的：显得装模作样的，在某种程度上过于装扮优雅的〔illiterate〕Marked by inferiority to an expected standard of familiarity with language and literature.墨水少的：显得不够公认的语言文字水平的〔distinguished〕Dignified in conduct or appearance.高贵的：行为、相貌显得高贵的〔flatter〕To portray favorably:显得比本人漂亮：〔childish〕Marked by or indicating a lack of maturity; puerile:未成熟的：以未成熟为特征或显得未成熟的；幼稚愚蠢的：〔lenient〕Inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent:不苛刻的，仁慈的：显得不严厉或不冷酷的；仁慈的，有雅量的或宽容的：〔cold〕Exhibiting or feeling no enthusiasm:不热情的：显得或感觉没有热情的：〔glaze〕His eyes glazed over from boredom.他目光因烦恼而显得呆滞〔prude〕One who is excessively concerned with being or appearing to be proper, modest, or righteous.过分正经的人：一个过分关心自己是否是或显得得体、谦逊或正确的人〔blank〕Appearing or seeming to appear dazed or confused:困惑的：显得或似乎显得茫然的或困惑的：〔parallel〕In its mathematical usageparallel is an absolute term— two lines either do or do not intersect—and as such does not admit of qualification as to degree.Some grammarians have arguedthat this restriction should apply as well to nontechnical uses of the word.According to this logic,one may not sayThe two roads have been made more parallel, except perhaps as a loose way of saying what is rendered more precisely by expressions such asmore nearly parallel. Like the analogous objection that has been made to the comparison ofequal, the point betrays a misconception about the relation between mathematical concepts and their ordinary-language equivalents.Applied to objects in the world,parallel can only denote a rough approximation to a geometric ideal. A pair of rails or parked cars cannot be truly parallel in the mathematician's sense of the termbut only more or less so,just as a road or shelf cannot be truly straight in the geometric sensebut nonetheless may be described as very straight or relatively straight.The grammarians' compunctions make even less sense when applied to metaphorical uses ofparallel, as inThe difficulties faced by the Republicans are quite parallel to those that confronted the Democrats four years ago, in which the intended meaning has nothing to do with the possibility of intersectionbut instead suggests the structural correspondence of two distinct situations.In this sense, parallelism is clearly a matter of degreeand the wordparallel can be modified accordingly. See Usage Note at equal ,perfect ,unique 在数学用法中，parallel 是一个绝对的表达法—— 两条线要么相交，要么就不相交——它既没有限定性也没有程度差别。一些语法学家曾提出，这种限制也应该适用于该词在非科技方面的用法，按照这种逻辑，人们不能说这两条路已被修得更加平行了， 除非作为用例如更接近于平行 这样的表达方法更精确地表示的东西的不够精确的说出方法。 象对equal 的比较所做的类似反对一样， 这个观点使数学概念与普通用语中等价词之间的关系引起误解。当运用到世间的实物时，parellel 仅能指与几何理想状态大致接近的状况。 一对铁轨或停放的车辆不可能按数学家对于这个术语的理解来真正地相互并行，而不过是大致平行而已，正如公路和架子不可能是真正几何意义上的笔直，但仍可被描绘成很直的或相对而言的笔直。在用到parallel 的比喻用法时，语法学家的不安就更显得意义不大了， 例如：共和党人所面临的重重困难与四年前民主党人遇到的困难十分相似， 在这句话中，该词的引申意义与相交的可能性毫无关系，然而它暗指了两种不同情况结构上的一致。在此意义上，相似性明显是程度的问题，相应地，parallel 一词也能被其它词限定修饰了。 参见 equal,perfect,unique〔look〕To seem or appear to be:似乎，显得：看似或看起来：〔if〕With all deference to the traditional rules governing the use of the subjunctive,it should be noted that a survey of the prose of reputable writers over the past 200 years would reveal a persistent tendency to use the indicativewas where the traditional rule would require the subjunctive were. A sentence beginningIf I was the only boy in the world, while not strictly correct, is wholly unremarkable. But the corresponding practice of using the subjunctive in place of the indicative may be labeled a hypercorrection. ·In spoken Englishthere is a growing tendency to usewould have in place of the subjunctive in contrary-to-fact clauses, as inif I would have been the President, but this usage is still widely considered incorrect.See Usage Note at doubt ,should ,wish 在与指导虚拟语气使用方法的传统规则相冲突的一系列不同用法中，我们应注意到一项对过去200年散文作家的调查显示，在传统语法要求使用虚拟式的were 的情况下，有一种持久的使用直陈式 was 的趋势。 一句用假如我是世界上唯一的男孩 开头的句子不会引起人们的注意。 而一定要把其中的直陈式换成虚拟式就显得矫正过了头。在英语口语中，在与事实相反的从句中，使用would have 一词的趋势有所增加， 例如如果我会是总统， 但这种用法仍然被大多数人认为是不正确的 参见 doubt,should,wish〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔intrude〕"The flute would be intruding here like a delicate lady at a club smoker"(Leonard Bernstein)“长笛在这儿显得突兀，犹如优雅的小姐在老烟枪身边”(伦纳德·伯恩斯坦)〔grow〕To become gradually more evident to:逐渐变得，显得：〔hole〕pockets of unemployment in an otherwise affluent society. 本显得很富裕的社会中一些失业的不利情况 〔heavy〕Marked by or exhibiting weariness:昏昏欲睡的：显示疲倦的，显得疲倦的：〔define〕gentle hills that were defined against the sky.在天空的衬托下显得轮廓分明的丘陵 |
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