| 单词 | 普利茅斯 |
| 释义 | 〔Plymouth〕A borough of southwest England onPlymouth Sound, an inlet of the English Channel. A major port, it was the embarkation point for the fleet that fought the Spanish Armada (1588) and for Drake, Raleigh, and several other early explorers. Population, 250,300. 普利茅斯：英格兰西南一自治市，位于普利茅斯湾 沿岸，该湾为英吉利海峡的一个小海湾。英国的一个主要港口，曾是迎战西班牙无敌舰队的英国舰队的出发点(1588年），也是德雷克、罗利和其他两位早期探险家出发地。人口250,300 〔Bradford〕English Puritan colonist in America. A signer of the Mayflower Compact and a settler of Plymouth Plantation, he was elected governor for 30 one-year terms and led the colony through its difficult early years.布拉德福，威廉：(1590-1657) 美洲的英国清教徒殖民者。五月花密约的签署人和普利茅斯种植园的开拓者，被推选为30个一年任期的总督之一，领导殖民地度过了艰难的早期岁月〔pilgrim〕Pilgrim One of the English Separatists who founded the colony of Plymouth in New England in 1620. Pilgrim 清教徒前辈移民：1620年，在新英格兰建立普利茅斯殖民地的英国主张脱离国教者〔Exeter〕A borough of southwest England northeast of Plymouth. It has been important since Roman times because of its strategic location. Population, 99,200.埃克塞特：英格兰西南部的一城市，位于普利茅斯东北。从罗马时代起就因其战略地位而变得重要。人口99,200〔Torbay〕A borough of southwest England east-northeast of Plymouth. It is in a popular seaside resort area. Population, 112,400.托培：英格兰西南部普利茅斯东北偏东地区的一个行政区域。为海滨著名的旅游胜地。人口112,400.〔Plymouth〕A city of southeast Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis-St. Paul. Population, 50,889.普利茅斯：美国明尼苏达东南一城市，明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗的一个郊区。人口50,889〔Provincetown〕A town of southeast Massachusetts on the tip of Cape Cod. Pilgrims first landed on the site in 1620 before sailing on to Plymouth. The town is a popular resort famed for the Provincetown Players (1915-1929), a theater group that presented many new works by Eugene O'Neill. Population, 3,374.普罗文斯镇：美国马萨诸塞州东南部的一个小镇，在科德角前端。1620年清教徒移民在驶往普利茅斯以前首先在这个地方登陆。该镇是一个知名的度假地，以普罗文斯的剧团而闻名(1915-1929年），这个剧组上演了尤金·奥尼尔的许多新作品。人口3,374〔Plymouth〕A town of southeast Massachusetts onPlymouth Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Boston. Founded in 1620 by Pilgrims, who supposedly set foot on Plymouth Rock when disembarking from the Mayflower, it was the center of Plymouth Colony. The colony was governed under precepts laid down in the Mayflower Compact until 1691, when it was absorbed by the royal colony of Massachusetts. Population, 45,608. 普利茅斯：美国马萨诸塞州东南一城镇，位于普利茅斯湾 沿岸，该湾位于波士顿的东南，是大西洋的一个小海湾。该镇由清教徒于1620年建立，这批清教徒被认为是在 普利茅斯海岸巨砾 登陆，从 五月花号 离船登陆。它曾是 普利茅斯殖民地 的中心。直到1691年，该殖民地都一直是按五月花协议上规定的条款业统治的，后被并入马萨诸塞的皇家殖民地。人口45,608 〔precise〕"The setting up of this Maypole was a lamentable spectacle to the precise separatists that lived at New Plymouth"(Thomas Morton)“对于生活在新普利茅斯的正统分离主义者来说，这个五朔节花柱的建立实在是令人伤心的悲惨场面”(托马斯·莫顿)〔Massasoit〕Wampanoag leader who aided the Pilgrim colonists and signed a peace treaty with them at Plymouth.马萨索伊特：北美万帕诺亚格印第人的首领，他帮助朝圣殖民者并在普利茅斯签订了和平协议〔Brewster〕English Pilgrim colonist who sailed to America on theMayflower (1620) and was the religious leader of Plymouth Colony. 布鲁斯特，威廉：(1567-1644) 英国清教徒殖民主义者，乘五月花号 航行至美洲（1620年），是普利茅斯殖民地的宗教领袖 〔Penzance〕A municipal borough of southwest England west-southwest of Plymouth. It is a port and summer resort and was frequently raided by pirates until the 18th century. Population, 19,521.彭冉：英格兰西南部一自治城市，位于普利茅斯西南偏西。这里是港口和夏季旅游胜地，18世纪前常被海盗掳掠。人口19,521〔Winslow〕English colonial administrator who traveled to America on theMayflower and served three times as governor of Plymouth Colony (1633, 1636, and 1644). His son Josiah (1629?-1680) was the first native-born governor of Plymouth (1673-1680). 温斯洛，爱德华：(1595-1655) 英国殖民地的行政官员，他乘五月花号 到美国，曾三任普利茅斯殖民地总督（1633，1636和1644年）。他的儿子 乔塞亚 (1629?-1680年）是第一个土生的普利茅斯总督(1673-1680年） 〔Massachusett〕A Native American people formerly located along Massachusetts Bay from Plymouth north to Salem. Reduced by epidemics, the Massachusett ceased to exist as a people during the 17th century.马萨诸塞族：北美本土民族，早期定居在马萨诸塞湾的从普利茅斯北部到沙龙地区。因传染病而人口减少，该民族在17世纪消亡〔plantation〕It has probably seemed ironic to more than one reader that the same wordplantation appears in the name Plimoth Plantation, a settlement of people seeking freedom of religion,albeit their particular form of religion,and also as the term for the estates of the pre-Civil War Southwith their beautiful mansions for the white elite and their hovels for the oppressed Black slaves.These two uses of the wordplantation illustrate two sense developments of the word, which is first recorded in Middle English asplantacioun in a work probably written during the first quarter of the 15th century. Latinplantātiō, the source of our English word, originally meant "propagation of a plant, as from cuttings,”but in Medieval Latin developed other related senses,such as "planting,” "foundation, establishment,” and "nursery, or collection of growing plants that have been planted.”The two senses that were used in New England and in the South can thus be explained.The Plimoth sense is derived from the notion of a settlement or colony that has been established or planted in a new country.The Southern sense goes back to the notion of simply planting crops,in this casecrops such as tobacco or cottonthat are grown on estates or farms in subtropical or tropical climatesand were at one time worked by slave labor.同样的单词plantation 出现在名称 Plimoth Plantation （普利茅斯种植园）中，这对不止一名读者来说，可能看起来是具讽刺意味的， 该名称指寻求宗教自由的人的小型社区，虽然他们的宗教形式很特别，也是作为内战前南方庄园的术语，指供高贵白种人居住的漂亮公馆和受压迫的黑人奴隶居住的破旧茅屋。单词plantation 的这两种用法说明了这个单词两种意思的发展， 其以可能于15世纪最初二十五年创作的一部作品中的plantacioun 形式首次记录进中世纪英语。 拉丁文plantatio 是我们这个英语单词的词源， 最初意为“植物的繁殖，如通过供插栽小枝，”但是在中世纪拉丁文中又发展了其它的相关的意思，例如“种植、”“建立、设立”和“苗圃或已被种植的活的植物的集合。”这样，用在新英格兰和南方的这两种意思就能够解释了。普利茅斯种植园的意思是从在新的国家中建立或移民的新拓居地或殖民地的概念中引申出来的。南方庄园的意思则可追溯到简易耕种作物的概念上来，在这种情况下，例如烟草或棉花等农作物，生长在亚热带或热带气候的庄园或农场，且一段时间以来由奴隶种植〔Carver〕English-born Pilgrim colonist who was the first governor of Plymouth Colony (1620-1621).卡沃尔，约翰：(1576?-1621) 英裔清教殖民者，是普利茅斯殖民地（1620-1621年）的第一任总督 |
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