| 单词 | 普遍认为 |
| 释义 | 〔Beard〕American cookery expert widely considered to be one of the foremost authorities on American cuisine.比尔德，詹姆斯·安德鲁：(1903-1985) 美国烹饪专家，普遍认为是美国烹饪术的重要权威之一〔till〕Till and until are generally interchangeable in both writing and speech, though as the first word in a sentenceuntil is usually preferred: Till 和 until 普遍认为在口语和书面语中都可通用， 而作为句子的第一个词时，until 更为常用： 〔adder〕Any of several nonvenomous snakes, such as the milk snake of North America, popularly believed to be harmful.蝰蛇：无毒蛇中一种，如北美的乳蛇，普遍认为有害〔intrapreneur〕The wordentrepreneur is more than 150 years old, having come into English from French in 1828.But it is not until very recently that we find its intracorporate counterpart,intrapreneur, meaning "a person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.”This coinage is generally attributed to management consultant Gifford Pinchot,author of the 1985 book entitledIntrapreneuring; others insist its true originator was Norman Macrae, deputy editor of theEconomist, although Macrae himself denies it.Still, whatever its exact source,in the scant number of years since its inception the termintrapreneur has gained currency very quickly. It has also given rise to various derivatives,such as the aforementioned gerundintrapreneuring, the noun intrapreneurship (as in a September 30, 1985, interview with Stephen Jobs inNewsweek : "The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as intrapreneurship—only a few years before the term was coined—a group of people going in essence back to the garage, but in a large company"),the adjectiveintrapreneurial, and another noun, intrapreneurialism ("what has become known as intrapreneurialism, where people within the corporation acquire more adventurous small business outlooks,” by Ian Hamilton-Fazy in "An Uneasy Co-existence,”Financial Times, October 23, 1984). Broad use of a word and the development of numerous derivatives are strong signals predicting staying power within the language.Intrapreneur and its spinoffs are of particular interest to etymologists and lexicographers because they illustrate the constant changes inherent in a living language.entrepreneur 一词已有150多年的历史， 于1828年从法语传入英语。但是直到最近我们才发现其在公司内部的对应人物intrapreneur ， 意为“对通过果断地承担风险和革新使想法变为有利可图的成品这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员”。这个新造的词普遍认为应归功于业务顾问吉福德·平肖，1985年出版的名为Intrapreneuring 一书的作者； 其他人坚持其真正的发明者是经济学家 杂志的副编辑诺曼·麦克里， 虽然麦克里本人否认这一点。然而，不管其准确的起源是什么，自它开始出现以来的短短几年中，intrapreneur 一词已很快流行开来。 它同样产生了多个衍生词，例如前面提到的动名词intrapreneuring ，名词 intrapreneurship （例如新闻周刊 于1985年9月30日斯蒂芬·乔布斯的采访中： “马金托什队通常地以出色的企业运作而闻名——仅仅是这个词条被发明的几年前——一群实质上是回到汽车房的人，而现在不过是大公司的汽车房罢了”），形容词intraprenurial 以及另一个名词 intrapreneurialim （以企业运作主义出名的地方，在那儿公司内部的职员获得更为冒险的商业前景”，伊恩·汉密尔顿一费茨的“不稳定的共存”，金融时报 1984年10月23日出版）。 一个词的广泛运用以及无数派生词的产生是预示语言内部持久力的强烈的信号。词源学家以及词典编纂者对intrpreneur 以及它的派生词产生了独特的兴趣， 因为它们说明现用语言所固有的持续不断的变化〔witch〕A woman popularly believed to have supernatural powers and practice sorcery, and often believed to be aided by spirits or a familiar.女巫，巫婆：人们普遍认为具有超自然力量且施巫术的女人，通常被认为由神灵或类似的人帮助〔lady〕Used attributively together with the name of an occupational role,as inlady doctor, the word is widely regarded as condescendingbecause of its implication that the usual person in that role is a man.When the gender of the referent is relevant,the preferred term iswoman. 当它用在职业角色的名称前时，如女医生 ， 被普遍认为是带有性别特征的，因为它暗示了这个职业角色的扮演者通常应是男性。为了使所提到的性别表示更恰当，人们更喜欢用woman 这个词 〔reputed〕Generally supposed to be such.See Synonyms at supposed 号称的：被普遍认为这样的 参见 supposed〔legend〕An unverified story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly believed to be historical.传说，（历史）传奇故事：从早期时代相传下业的未经证实的故事，尤指那些被普遍认为是基于史实者〔Negress〕Like the feminine forms of other ethnic terms,such asJewess, the wordNegress is now widely regarded as offensive, since it seems to imply that Black women constitute a distinct racial category.Where reference to gender is relevant,the phraseBlack (or African-American or Afro-American ) woman should be used: 如其他种族的词语中表示女性的词，比如Jewess， 单词Negress 这个词普遍认为是没有礼貌的， 因为它似乎暗示黑人妇女构成了一个独特的种族类别。当指代有关性别时，可以使用Black （或 非洲裔美国人的 或 美国黑人的 ) woman 这个词： 〔pulsar〕Any of several celestial radio sources emitting short, intense bursts of radio waves, x-rays, or visible electromagnetic radiation at regular intervals, generally believed to be rotating neutron stars.脉冲星：若干能发出无线电波的天体之一，能以有规律的间隔发出短促且强烈的无线电波、X射线或肉眼可见的电磁放射，普遍认为它们是旋转磁中子星 |
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