| 单词 | 普鲁士 |
| 释义 | 〔Lippstadt〕A city of west-central Germany east-northeast of Dortmund. Founded in 1168, it became a member of the Hanseatic League in 1280 and was sold to Prussia in 1850. Population, 60,106.利普城：德国中西部一城市，位于达特蒙德东北偏东部，建于1168年，1280年它成为汉萨同盟的一员，1850年被卖给普鲁士。人口60,106〔Hof〕A city of east-central Germany near the Czechoslovakian border north-northeast of Bayreuth. First mentioned in the early 13th century, it passed to Prussia in 1792 and Bavaria in 1810. Population, 51,183.霍夫：德国中东部一城市，临近捷克斯洛伐克边界，位于白莱特东北偏北。首现于13世纪初，1792年时归属普鲁士并于1810年归属于巴伐利亚。人口51,183〔Plock〕A city of central Poland on the Vistula River west-southwest of Warsaw. Known since the tenth century, it passed to Prussia in 1793 and to Russia in 1815. It reverted to Poland after World War I. Population, 114,500.普洛克：波兰中部一城市，位于华沙西南偏西、维斯拉河畔。它从10世纪起为人所知，相继于1793年和1815年由普鲁士和俄罗斯管辖。第一次世界大战后它归属波兰。人口114,500〔Prussian〕A Baltic inhabitant of Prussia.普鲁士的波罗的居民〔Paderborn〕A city of west-central Germany northwest of Kassel. It joined the Hanseatic League in the 13th century and passed to Prussia in 1802. Population, 109,514.帕德伯恩：德国中西部的一个城市，位于卡塞尔的西北部，它于13世纪加入汉萨同盟，1802年落入普鲁士手中。人口109,514〔spruce〕Perhaps from obsolete spruce leather [Prussian leather] 可能源自 废语 spruce leather [普鲁士皮革] 〔Junker〕A member of the Prussian landed aristocracy, a class formerly associated with political reaction and militarism.容克：普鲁士贵族地主中的成员，先前与政治上的极端保守主义和军国主义联系在一起的阶级〔Leipzig〕A city of east-central Germany south-southwest of Berlin. Originally a Slavic settlement called Lipsk, it developed by the early Middle Ages into a major commercial and cultural center. At the so-called Battle of the Nations (October 16-19, 1813), Austrian, Russian, and Prussian forces decisively defeated Napoleon I. Population, 558,994.莱比锡：德国中部偏东一城市，位于柏林的西南偏南。最初是斯拉夫人的居住地，被称作果比斯克，到中世纪早期时，就已发展成为一个重要的商业和文化中心。在所谓的“多国战争”(1813年10月16日至19日）中，奥地利、俄国和普鲁士联军决定性地击败了拿破仑一世。人口558,994〔Gelderland〕A region and former duchy of east-central Netherlands. The duchy was formed in 1339 and passed to the Hapsburgs in 1543. It became part of the Netherlands in 1579, although a portion of the territory was ceded to Prussia in the 18th century.海尔德兰：荷兰中部偏东一个从前的公国，此公国建于1339年，于1543年转给哈布斯堡家族。它于1579年成为荷兰的一部分，但在18世纪其领土的一部分被割让给普鲁士〔Jena〕A city of central Germany southwest of Leipzig. Napoleon I decisively defeated the Prussians here on October 14, 1806. Population, 106,555.耶拿：德国中部的城市，位于莱比锡西南。拿破仑一世于1806年10月14日在此大败普鲁士军队。人口106,555〔Bessel〕Prussian astronomer who recalculated the orbit of Halley's comet (1804), verified by parallax the distance from the earth to the twin star 61 Cygni (1838), and developed a class of mathematical functions based on his study of planetary perturbation.贝塞耳，弗雷德里希·威廉：(1784-1846) 普鲁士天文学家，重新测量了哈雷彗星轨道（1804年），通过视差核实地球到双子星座61──天鹅星座的距离（1838年），在其行星摄动研究的基础上发展了一种数学函数〔spruce〕Short for obsolete Spruce fir [Prussian fir] 废语 Spruce fir的简写 [普鲁士冷杉] 〔Berlin〕[bûr-lĭnʹ] The capital and largest city of Germany, in the northeast part of the country. Divided between 1945 and 1990 intoEast Berlin and West Berlin, it was the center of the Prussian state and after 1871 was the capital of the German Empire. The division of the city grew out of the zones of occupation established at the end of World War II. The Berlin Wall, a wire and concrete barrier, was erected by the East German government in August 1961 and dismantled in November 1989. Population, 3,034,118. [bûr-lĭnʹ] 柏林：德国首都和最大城市，在德国的东北部。从1945年到1990年被划分为东柏林 和 西柏林， 它曾是普鲁士国的中心和1871年之后日耳曼帝国的首都。二次大战结束时形成的战领区导致了该城的分裂。 柏林围墙， 一道电缆和水泥屏障，于1961年8月由东德政府竖起，于1989年十一月被推倒。人口3,034,118 〔Wiesbaden〕A city of west-central Germany on the Rhine River west of Frankfurt. Founded as a Celtic settlement in the third centuryb.c. , it has been a noted spa since Roman times. Wiesbaden became a free imperial city c. a.d. 1242 and passed to Prussia in 1866. Population, 267,467. 威斯巴登：德国中西部一城市，位于法兰克福以西的莱茵河岸。最初在公元前 3世纪作为凯尔特人据点建立，从罗马帝国时代起一直是著名的温泉浴场。从 公元 1242年开始威斯巴登成为一个自由的主权城市，1866年转给普鲁士。人口267,467 〔Susa〕A ruined city of southwest Iran south of Hamaden. It was the capital of the kingdom of Elam and a capital of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great.苏萨：伊朗西南一城市遗址，位于哈马丹南部，它是埃兰王国以及普鲁士大帝统治下的波斯帝国的首都〔spruce〕from Middle English spruce [Prussia] * see spruce 1源自 中古英语 云杉 [普鲁士] * 参见 spruce1〔Clausewitz〕Prussian army officer and military theorist who proposed the doctrines of total war and war as an instrument of policy. His treatiseOn War was published posthumously (1833). 克劳塞维茨，卡尔·冯：(1780-1831) 普鲁士军官和军事理论家，提出了总体战概念和战争是政治的工具。其论著《战争论》 在其死后出版（1833年） 〔Kalisz〕A city of central Poland west of LódÜ. An ancient settlement dating possibly to the second centurya.d. , it passed to Prussia in 1793, Russia in 1815, and Poland in 1919. Population, 103,500. 卡利什：波兰中部一城市，位于罗兹省西部。这个古老的殖民地可追溯到公元 2世纪，1793年转让给普鲁士，1815年转让给俄国，1919年转让给波兰。人口103,500 〔Prussian〕Of or relating to Prussia or its Baltic or German inhabitants.普鲁士的，普鲁士人的：普鲁士的，普鲁士的波罗的居民或目耳曼居民的或与之有关的〔Wroclaw〕A city of southwest Poland on the Oder River. It was a member of the Hanseatic League (1368-1474) before passing to the Hapsburgs (1526) and Prussia (1742). Wroclaw was assigned to Poland by the Potsdam Conference (1945). Population, 636,000.弗罗茨瓦夫：波兰西南部一城市，位于奥得河畔。在归属哈布斯堡王朝(1526年）和普鲁士(1742年）之前，属于汉斯阿提克联盟的一员(1368-1474年）。1945年，弗罗茨瓦夫因波茨坦条约的签署而归属波兰。人口636,000〔Steuben〕Prussian-born American Revolutionary military leader who trained the previously undisciplined troops under Gen. George Washington.施托伊本，弗雷德里希·威廉·鲁道夫·格哈德·奥古斯丁·冯：(1730-1794) 普鲁士裔美国独立战争军事领导人，他训练了乔治·华盛顿将军领导的原本无纪律的军队〔spruce〕from Middle English spruce [Prussia] 源自 中古英语 spruce [普鲁士] 〔tripartition〕the tripartition of Poland among Austria, Prussia, and Russia in the 18th century.在18世纪波兰被奥地利、普鲁士和俄国三国瓜分〔Legnica〕A city of southwest Poland west of Wroclaw. Chartered in 1252, it was acquired by Prussia in 1742 and was the site of Frederick the Great's victory over the Austrians (August 15, 1760). Population, 97,700.莱格尼察：波兰西南一城市，位于弗罗茨瓦夫的西面。1252年被特许设市，1742年被普鲁士侵占，是腓特烈大帝战胜奥地利人的遗址(1760年8月15日）。人口97,700〔Kleve〕A city of west-central Germany west-southwest of Münster. It was the seat of a historical duchy and passed subsequently to Brandenburg, Prussia, France, and Prussia again. Population, 44,223.克莱沃：德国中西部一城市，位于蒙斯特西南偏西。它曾是历史上一个公爵领地的所在地，后来依次让给勃兰登堡、普鲁士和法国，后又让给普鲁士。人口44,223〔Recklinghausen〕A city of west-central Germany southwest of Münster. Originally a Saxon settlement, it was held by the archbishop of Cologne after 1236 and passed to Prussia in 1815. Population, 117,989.雷克林豪森：德国中西部的一座城市，位于的西南面。原来是萨克森人的一个定居点。1236年以后同科隆大主教掌管，1815年统治权转给普鲁士。人口117,989〔Westphalia〕A historical region and former duchy of west-central Germany east of the Rhine River. The duchy was created in the 12th century and was administered for many centuries by ecclesiastical princes, especially the archbishop of Cologne. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) marked the end of the Thirty Years' War. Napoleon seized the area in 1807 and designated a portion of it as the kingdom of Westphalia, to be ruled by his brother Jérôme. The region became part of Prussia after 1815.威斯特法利亚：德国中西部一历史地区和前公国，位于莱茵河以东。公国建于12世纪，在以后的许多世纪中由教会贵族统治，尤其是指科隆大主教。威斯特法利亚和平协议(1648年）标志着“三十年战争”的结束。在1807年拿破仑攫取了该地区，并把其中的一部分定为威斯特法利亚王国，由他的兄弟圣哲罗姆统治。此地区在1815年后成为普鲁士的一部分〔Stralsund〕A city of northeast Germany on an inlet of the Baltic Sea opposite Rügen Island. Chartered in 1234, it was a leading member of the Hanseatic League and changed hands many times before it passed to Prussia in 1815. Population, 75,335.施特拉尔松德：德国东北部一城市，临波罗的海一港湾与吕根岛对峙该城于1234年或特许自治，为汉萨同盟的领导成员之一，并几度易手，直至1815年归于普鲁士统治之下。人口75,335〔Hildesheim〕A city of central Germany south-southeast of Hanover. A member of the Hanseatic League, it passed to Hanover in 1813 and to Prussia in 1866. Population, 101,017.希尔德斯海姆：德国中部的一个城市，位于汉诺威东南偏南汉萨同盟的成员，于1813年归属汉诺威，于1866年归属普鲁士，人口101,017〔Zawierci〕A city of southern Poland northwest of Cracow. It passed to Prussia in 1795, to Russia in 1815, and to Poland after World War I. Population, 55,700.扎维尔切：波兰南部一城市，位于克拉科西北部。1795年归属普鲁士，1815年又归苏联，第一次世界大战后归属波兰。人口55,700〔Minden〕A city of northwest Germany on the Weser River south of Bremen. Settled in Roman times, it was founded c. 800 as a bishopric by Charlemagne. Minden joined the Hanseatic League in the 13th century and passed to Prussia in 1814. Population, 75,419.明登：德国西北部一城市，位于不来梅以南的威悉河畔。罗马帝国时代有人定居，公元800年查里曼大帝将其建为主教营区。13世纪明登加入汉萨同盟，1814年转由普鲁士管辖。人口75,419〔Nassau〕also [näʹsou'] A region and former duchy of central Germany north and east of the Main and Rhine rivers. The region became a duchy in 1806 and was absorbed by Prussia in 1866. Members of the original dynasty subsequently ruled Luxembourg and the Netherlands (as the house of Orange). 也作 [näʹsou'] 拿骚：德国中部一地区和前公国，位于美因河和莱茵河的北部和东部。该地区在1806年成为公国并于1866年被普鲁士吞并。原先的王朝成员相继统治了卢森堡和荷兰（作为奥兰治的王室）〔Hohenzollern〕German royal family who ruled Brandenburg from 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia (1525). Under Frederick I (ruled 1701-1713) the family's possessions were unified as the kingdom of Prussia. From 1871 to 1918 Hohenzollern monarchs ruled the German Empire.霍恩索伦：自1415年起控制勃兰登堡的皇族，后开始控制普鲁士（1525年）。在弗里德里希一世(1701-1713年在位）期间，这个家族占有的国土统称为普鲁士王国，从1871年到1918年这个皇族的国王统治了德国帝国〔Klaipeda〕A city of western European U.S.S.R. on the Baltic Sea. Founded as a fortress in 1252, it was an important trading town of the Hanseatic League and was later held by Sweden, Russia, Prussia, Lithuania, and Germany before its capture by Soviet forces in 1945. Population, 195,000.克莱佩达，梅梅尔：苏联欧洲部分西部一城市，位于波罗的海边。1252年作为一个堡垒建立。它是汉萨同盟的一个重要商业城镇。后来它先后被瑞典，俄罗斯、普鲁士、立陶宛和德国占领，1945年被苏联军队占领。人口195,000〔Scharnhorst〕Prussian general noted for his training tactics and command of the Prussian army during the Napoleonic Wars.沙恩霍斯特，格哈得·约翰·戴维·冯：(1755-1813) 普鲁士将军，在反拿破仑战争中以其对普鲁士军队的军事领导和训练策略而著名〔Szczecin〕A city of northwest Poland near the mouth of the Oder River. It was ruled by Sweden from 1648 to 1720, when it was ceded to Prussia. After World War II the city became part of Poland. Population, 390,800.什切青：波兰西北部一城市，靠近奥德河河口。从1648年至1720年被瑞典统治，1720年割让给普鲁士二战后该城成为波兰的一部分。人口390,800〔Prussian〕A German inhabitant of Prussia.普鲁士人：普鲁士的日耳曼居民〔Zabrze〕A city of south-central Poland west of Katowice. Founded in the 13th century, it passed to Prussia in 1742 and was ceded to Poland in 1945. Population, 198,000.扎布热：波兰中南部一城市，位于卡托维兹的西部，建于13世纪，1742年转让给普鲁士，1945年又割让给波兰，人口 198,000〔Gliwice〕A city of south-central Poland west-northwest of Katowice. Chartered in 1276, it was ceded by Austria to Prussia in 1742 and assigned to Poland by the Potsdam Conference in 1945. Population, 212,500.格利维采：波兰中南部一城市，位于卡托维兹西北偏西。建于1276年，1742年被奥地利割让给普鲁士，1945年波茨坦会议将其划归波兰。人口212,500〔Kaliningrad〕A city of extreme western European U.S.S.R. on the Baltic Sea near the Polish border. It was founded in 1255 by the Teutonic Knights and joined the Hanseatic League in 1340. As Königsberg it was an important Prussian city and the birthplace of Immanuel Kant (1724). Transferred to the U.S.S.R. in 1945, the city was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. Population, 385,000.加里宁格勒，哥尼格斯堡：苏联欧洲部分最西端一城市，濒临波罗的海，毗邻波兰边境。该市由条顿骑士团于1255年建立，1340年加入汉萨同盟。该市旧称哥尼格斯堡，为当时重要的普鲁士城市之一，也是以马内利·康德的出生地（1724年）。1945年该市划归苏联管理，1946年更名为加里宁格勒。人口385,000 |
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