| 单词 | 景象 |
| 释义 | 〔vista〕An awareness of a range of time, events, or subjects; a broad mental view:追忆，展望：对一范围内的时间、事件或主题的意识；广阔的思维景象：〔revolt〕They revolted from the sight.他们因厌恶那景象而离开〔show〕A striking appearance or display; a spectacle.壮观的景象：引人注目的外表或展示；奇观〔shambles〕A scene or condition of complete disorder or ruin:混乱的局面：一种完全混乱或毁坏的景象或状态：〔spectacle〕Something that can be seen or viewed, especially something of a remarkable or impressive nature.景象，壮观：能被看见或观望的东西，尤指奇异或壮丽的景观〔stand〕I stand corrected. We stand in awe of the view.我是正确的。那景象令我们很恐惧〔observatory〕A structure overlooking an extensive view.观察台，了望台，望楼：俯瞰广阔景象的建筑〔rhodopsin〕Greek opsis [sight] * see -opsis 希腊语 opsis [景象] * 参见 -opsis〔Varo〕Spanish surrealist painter whose works depict dreamlike scenes and mystical creatures and are often based on her studies of alchemy and witchcraft.瓦罗，莱米迪奥斯：(1913-1963) 西班牙超现实主义画家，其作品描绘了梦幻的景象和奇妙的动物，这总基于她对练金术和巫术的研究〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔specter〕A haunting or disturbing image or prospect:幻影，幻象：缠绕心头或忧虑的景象或预感：〔dim〕a dim figure in the distance.远处模糊的景象〔Sloan〕American painter whose scenes of urban life includeSunday, Women Drying Their Hair (1912) and Backyards, Greenwich Village (1914). 斯隆，约翰·弗伦奇：(1871-1951) 美国画家，其描绘城市生活景象的作品有《星期日，妇女们在晾干头发》 （1912年）和 《后院，格林尼治村庄》 （1914年） 〔enrapture〕a view of the Alps that entranced us;阿尔卑斯山的景象令我们欣喜若狂；〔sight〕Something seen; a view.看见的物体；景象〔hagride〕"a man hagridden by the future—haunted by visions of an imminent heaven or hell upon earth"(C.S. Lewis)“为即将发生的未来的惊恐所折磨的人，例如在地球上方的天堂或地狱的景象等”(C.S.刘易斯)〔circus〕The modern circus owes its name but fortunatelynot its regular program of events to the amusement of ancient times.The Latin wordcircus, which comes from the Greek word kirkos, "circle, ring,” referred to a circular or oval area enclosed by rows of seats for spectators.In the center ring, so to speak, was held a variety of events,including chariot races and gladiatorial combats, spectacles in which bloodshed and brutality were not uncommon.The first use ofcircus recorded in English, in a work by Chaucer written around 1380,probably refers to the Circus Maximus in Rome.Our modern circus, which dates to the end of the 18th century,was originally an equestrian spectacle as well,but the trick riders were soon joined in the ring by such performers as ropedancers, acrobats, and jugglers.Even though the circular shape of the arena and the equestrian nature of some of the performances are carried over from its Roman namesake,the modern circus, despite occasional accidental violence,has little connection with its brutal namesake of long ago.现代马戏团应把它的名称归因于古时候的娱乐，值得庆幸地不是归因于它的固定节目。拉丁文的circus 源于希腊文 kirkos “圆，环”， 指被容纳观众的座位围起的圆形或椭圆形场地。在称之为中央环地的场地中举行多种表演，包括战车赛跑和角斗，屠杀和残暴的景象并不少见。英语中记录的circus 的最早使用， 是在乔叟写于大约1380年的一本著作里，可能意指罗马的大竞技场。现代马戏团可追溯到18世纪末，最初也是马术表演，但走钢丝演员、高空杂技演员和杂耍演员很快在圆形场地中加入特技骑手的行列。尽管马戏场地的圆形形状和一些表演的马术实质是由罗马的同名物得到的，现代马戏团，尽管偶尔出现意外的暴力，与它久远以前残暴的同名物几乎没有关联〔townscape〕The appearance of a town or city; an urban scene:城市景观：镇或城市的面貌；城市景象：〔rural〕Pastoral, which evokes the image of shepherds, sheep, and verdant countryside,suggests the charm and serenity of the country: Pastoral ，引人联想到牧羊人、羊群和苍翠的乡村景象，暗指农村的魅力和安详： 〔sightline〕A line of sight, especially one between a spectator and the spectacle in a theater or stadium.光线：一条光线，尤指戏院和体育馆中观众和景象之间的光线〔vista〕"the deep and sweeping vistas these pioneering critics opened up"(Arthur C. Danto)“这些先锋派批评家所开辟的深邃彻底的思维景象”(阿瑟C.丹托)〔arouse〕The odd sight aroused our curiosity.See Synonyms at provoke 奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇 参见 provoke〔impress〕a scene that impressed itself on his memory; tries to impress the value of money on the students.在他记忆中留下深刻印象的景象；试图让学生对钱的价值有个印象〔shambles〕A scene or condition of great devastation.悲惨的情景：大毁坏的景象或状态〔visage〕the bleak visage of winter.冬天萧条的景象〔celluloid〕"a strange, anachronistic sight: theater pieces transferred to celluloid"(David Ansen)“一种奇异的不合时宜的景象：戏剧作品转换成了电影影片”(戴维·安森)〔conjure〕"Arizona conjures up an image of stark deserts for most Americans"(American Demographics)“亚利桑那州在多数美国人心中是一片荒凉沙漠的景象”(美国人口统计数据)〔sideshow〕A diversion or spectacle that is incidental to a larger set of circumstances or a bigger issue of concern:附带事件，小事：对一大环境或较大的热点问题来说不重要的转移或景象：〔phantom〕An image that appears only in the mind; an illusion.幻想：只在脑中出现的景象；幻景〔scene〕Something seen by a viewer; a view or prospect.景象：观察者看到的东西；景色或景象〔shambles〕A place or scene of bloodshed or carnage.血腥场面：流血或屠杀的场所或景象〔conjure〕"a sight to store away, then conjure up someday when they were no longer together"(Nelson DeMille)“这景象尘封已久，但在他们分手之后的某一天又会浮现”(纳尔逊·德米耶)〔Cadmus〕American artist noted for his realistic paintings and etchings of sordid scenes.卡德摩斯，保罗：(生于 1904) 美国画家，因其生动逼真的油画和以贫穷景象为题材的版画而闻名 |
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