| 单词 | 暗示 |
| 释义 | 〔suggestion〕Something suggested:意见，暗示：被建议的事物：〔flex〕"Sandy flexes his brow characteristically, one of those Latin gestures reflecting something too delicate or imprecise to say"(Scott Turow)“山迪颇具特色地皱了皱眉头，这是一种拉丁人对微妙说不清的事情的暗示”(斯科特·图罗)〔inkling〕One of the more fascinating journeys in the histories of words is the one that linksnest and inkling. We begin this journey with the Indo-European rootnizdo-, which by way of Germanic.nist- will give us nest but also leads to Latinnīdus, "nest.” From Latinnīdus may come Old French (and modern French) niche, meaning "niche.” It is possible that in Old French a variant form existed that was borrowed into Middle English asnik, meaning "a notch, tally.” This word seems related to the Middle English wordnikken, which may mean "to mark a text for correction,”andnikking, "a hint, slight indication,” or possibly "a whisper, mention.” The wordnikking appears only once, in a Middle English text composed around 1400, as does the wordningkiling, found in another copy of the same text. It is possible thatningkiling is from nikking. Furthermore, it is probable that people divideda ninkling incorrectly and got an inkling, just as they did witha napron, getting an apron. If all this has indeed happened,inkling has come a long way from the nest. 在单词的演变史中，从nest 到 inkling 是一个有趣的过程。 我们从印欧语系词根nizdo- 开始， 通过日耳曼语的nist- 变为我们的 nest ， 也衍生出拉丁语的nidus ，“巢”之意。 从拉丁语的nidus 有了古法语（和现代法语）中的 niche ，表示“壁龛”。 有可能在法语中有一个变体是从中古英语的nik （刻痕，计分）变化而来。 这个词看来与中古英语中的nikken 一词有关， 它的意思是“为改正一篇文字而做记号”，也与nikking 有关，意为“暗示，轻微指示”或也可能是“低声说话，提及”之意。 在一篇1400年左右所作的中古英语文章中，hikking 只出现了一次， 在同样内容的另一份版本中ningkiling 也只出现了一次。 所以有可能ninkiling 是由 nikking 变化而来。 此外，很有可能人们错误地将a ninkling 分开从而得到 an inkling ， 就象人们错误地处理a napron 从而得到 an apron 一样。 如果所有这些真的发生了，inkling 一词从其巢穴走了一条长长的演变之路 〔ripe〕Exhibiting overtones of or references to sex; scatological:粗俗的，下流的：表现性的暗示或暗指性的；淫秽的：〔pleasure〕 Joy suggests an intense and especially an ecstatic or exultant state;the word is often associated with sharing, self-realization, or high-mindedness: Joy 暗示强烈的尤其是欣喜若狂或狂喜的状态；这个单词经常与分享、自我实现或品格高尚相关联： 〔misgive〕give [to suggest (obsolete)] give[暗示（过时的）] 〔liable〕Liable, apt, and likely are often used interchangeably in constructions with following infinitives, as inJohn is liable to lose, John is apt to lose, and John is likely to lose. The three words are distinct in meaning.A widely repeated rule holdsthatliable should only be used if the subject would be adversely affected by the outcome expressed by the infinitive. The rule therefore permitsJohn is liable to fall out of his chair if he doesn't sit up straight but notThe chair is liable to be slippery, though constructions of the latter type have long been common in reputable writing.Apt usually suggests that the subject has a natural tendency enhancing the probability of an outcome, and that the speaker is in some way apprehensive about the outcome.Thusapt is more naturally used in a sentence like The fuel pump is apt to give out at any minute than in Even the clearest instructions are apt to be misinterpreted by those idiots (since the instructions are not at fault)or inThe fuel pump is apt to give you no problems for the life of the car (since there is no reason that the speaker should regard such an outcome as unfortunate).Likely is more general than either liable or apt. It ascribes no particular property to the subject that enhances the probability of the outcome:whileJohn is apt to lose the election may suggest that the loss will result from something John does or fails to do, John is likely to lose the election does not. Nor does it suggest anything about the desirability of the outcome from the point of view of either the speaker or the subject.A football coach who saysWe are apt to win may be suspected of sarcasm,and one who saysWe are liable to win may be suspected of having bet on the opposition;onlyWe are likely to win is consistent with the expression of an unambivalent expectation of victory. See Usage Note at likely Liable，apt 和 likely 在如下不定式结构中经常可以互换， 例如 John is liable to lose，John is apt to lose 和 John is likely to lose 。 这三个词的意思是有区别的。一条公认的语法规则认为，只有当主语受不定式所表示的动作或结果的不利影响时，才使用liable 。 因此这条规则允许说如果约翰不坐直身子的话，他很容易从椅子上掉下来的 ， 但不允许说椅子可能很滑 ， 尽管在规范的写作中，后一种类型的句型已经很普遍了。Apt 通常表示主语有增加某种结果的可能性的自然倾向， 而且说话者对此结果多少有些忧虑。因此，apt 用在句子 燃料泵可能随时停止运转 中，比用在 即使是最明了的指令也有可能被那些白痴误解 中更自然 （因为错的不是指令），也比用在燃料可能不会对你的车的使用寿命带来什么问题 中更合适 （因为说话者没有理由认为这样一个结果很不幸）。Likely 比 liable 或 apt 更具概括性。 它并不说明增加了一个结果的可能性的主语是否具有何特性：句子约翰在选举中可能会失败 可能暗示失败归因于约翰所做的或没能做的某件事， 而句子约翰在选举中有可能失败 则没有这种暗示。 另外，它也没有关于说话者或主语是否喜欢某一结果的暗示。如果一位足球教练说We are apt to win ， 他可能带有讽刺意味，但如果他说We are liable to win ， 他的意思是他认为他们可能会输；只有说We are likely to win ，才明确表示有希望获胜 参见 likely〔handle〕 Handle applies widely and suggests competence: Handle 这个词应用广泛而且暗示了能力： 〔coarse〕She bridled at the indelicate suggestion.她对不得体的暗示发怒了。〔make〕You make me out to be a liar.你暗示我不要说谎〔insular〕Suggestive of the isolated life of an island:与世隔绝的：暗示岛上隔绝的生活：〔prognosticate〕To predict according to present indications or signs; foretell.See Synonyms at predict 预言：根据当前的暗示或现象预测；预言 参见 predict〔scent〕A hint of something imminent; a suggestion:预感：对即将来临的某事的暗示；暗示：〔refuse〕 Refuse usually implies determination and often brusqueness: Refuse 通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁： 〔obstacle〕 Block suggests obstruction that effectively prevents all passage: Block 暗示是有效地堵塞所有通道的阻碍物： 〔suggestion〕just a suggestion of makeup; the first suggestion of trouble ahead.仅有一丝淡妆；前面麻烦的第一次暗示〔deplete〕 Deplete refers to using up gradually and only hints at harmful consequences: Deplete 指逐渐用光，并且仅暗示有害的后果： 〔gaze〕Gape suggests a prolonged open-mouthed look reflecting amazement, awe, or lack of intelligence: Gape 暗示一种长久的、张大嘴的表情，显示惊奇、敬畏或呆笨： 〔cocoon〕Something suggestive of a cocoon in appearance or purpose:某物在外形或目的上暗示为茧：〔inkling〕Probably alteration of Middle English (a) ningkiling [(a) hint, suggestion] 可能为 中古英语 (a) ningkiling的变化 [暗示] 〔foreshadow〕To present an indication or a suggestion of beforehand; presage.预示，预兆：预先给予暗示；预示〔reckless〕 Precipitate connotes headlong haste without due deliberation: Precipitate 暗示没有审慎考虑的轻率匆忙： 〔loblolly〕Loblolly is a combination of lob, probably an onomatopoeia for the thick, heavy bubbling of cooking porridge, and lolly, an old British dialect word for "broth, soup, or any other food boiled in a pot.” Thus, loblolly originally denoted thick porridge or gruel, especially that eaten by sailors on board ship. In the southern United States, the word is used to mean "a mudhole; a mire,” a sense derived from an allusion to the consistency of porridge. The name loblolly has become associated with several varieties of trees as well, all of which favor wet bottomlands or swamps in the Gulf and South Atlantic states. Lobolly 是 lob ，可能是模仿熬粥时沉重的冒泡声，和意为“锅里煮着的清汤、浓汤或其他任何食物”的古英语方言 lolly 的结合。这样， loblolly 本来表示稠粥或稀粥，尤指船上水手们所喝的粥。在美国南部，这个词用于表示“泥坑；泥沼”，这个含义是以粥的浓稠性这一暗示而来。 loblolly 这一名称也与几种树木有关，这些树都适于生长在墨西哥湾及南大西洋各州的潮湿洼地或沼泽里 〔confidence〕Aplomb implies calm poise: Aplomb 暗示冷静的举止： 〔stupid〕The woman kept signaling that it was time to leave, but her escort was so dense that he just kept sitting there. 那女人不停地暗示该离开了，但他的护送者却是那样迟钝以致于一直坐在那儿不动 〔healthy〕 Healthy stresses the absence of disease and often implies energy and strength: Healthy 强调没有疾病的并通常暗示充满精力或力量的： 〔undercurrent〕An underlying tendency, force, or influence often contrary to what is superficially evident; an intimation:潜在倾向：通常与表面倾向相反的潜在趋势力量或影响；暗示：〔satiate〕 Satiate andsate, which are generally interchangeable, can mean merely to satisfy fully,but usually both imply satisfaction beyond natural desire: Satiate 和Sate 一般可互换使用， 仅仅指充分满足，但通常暗示超出自然欲望的满足： 〔pariah〕In the wordpariah, which can be used for anyone who is a social outcast, independent of social position,we have a reminder of a much more rigid social system,where only certain people could be pariahs.The caste system of India placed members of the pariah caste very low in society;until 1949 they were also known asuntouchables. The wordpariah, however, which we have extended in meaning, came into English from Tamil paṛaiyar, the plural of paṛaiyan, the caste name, which literally means “(hereditary) drummer"and comes from the wordpaṛai, the name of a drum used at certain festivals. The word is first recorded in English in 1613.Its use in English and its extension in use probably owe much to the close relationship that developed between Great Britain and India.Indeed, many of the British servants in India were from the pariah caste.pariah 一词能用于任何一个被社会遗弃的人， 不管他的社会地位如何，在这个词中，对我们有一个更严酷的社会体制的暗示，在这种体制下，仅仅某些特定的人才能成为被社会遗弃的人。印度的社会体制把被遗弃者的社会地位订得很低，直到1949年这些人还仍旧被称作是不可接触者 。 然而，我们已经扩展了含义的pariah 一词从泰米尔语 paraiyar 即 paraiyan 的复数转入英语中来， 字面含义是“（世袭）鼓手”，源于一种特定节日用的鼓名parai 。 1613年这个词首次在英语中有所记录。它在英文中的运用和用法的扩展可能很大程度是由于大不列颠和印度的密切关系。的确，在印度许多英国人的佣人都来自于贱民阶层〔naive〕 Ingenuous denotes childlike directness, simplicity, and innocence;it connotes an inability to mask one's feelings: Ingenuous 着重于孩子般的直率、单纯和天真；它暗示缺乏掩饰自己情感的能力： 〔utilize〕A number of critics have remarked thatutilize is an unnecessary substitute for use. It is true that many occurrences ofutilize could be replaced by use with no loss to anything but pretentiousness, for example, in sentences such asBarbara utilized (prefer used ) questionable methods in her analysis or We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize (prefer use ) mass transit after the bridge has reopened. Bututilize can mean "to find a profitable or practical use for.” Thus the sentenceThe teachers were unable to use the new computers might mean only that the teachers were unable to turn the computers on, whereasThe teachers were unable to utilize the new computers suggests that the teachers could not find ways to employ the computers in instruction. 一些批评家认为utilize 只是 use 的一个不必要的替换词。 在许多情况下utilize 可以被 use 替代，除了矫饰的风格被去掉之外意思上没有任何减损， 例如：Barbara utilized ( used 更可取） questionable methods in her analysis（芭芭拉在她的分析中用了一些有争议的方法） 或者 We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize ( use 更可取） mass transit after the bridge has reopened（我们希望许多乘公共汽车上下班者在桥重新开通之后仍旧使用公共交通）。 但是utilize 可指“为…找到一种有益的或实用的用途”。 因而下面这句话The teachers were unable to use the new computers（老师们不会使用新电脑） ，有可能指只有这些老师不会打开计算机， 而The teachers were unable to utilize the new computers（老师不会运用新计算机） 暗示了那些老师在指导时不知道如何利用电脑 〔frighten〕Panic implies sudden frantic fear that often impairs self-control and rationality: Panic 暗示突然出现的狂乱的恐惧常常影响到自控或理智： 〔overtone〕Often overtones An ulterior, usually implicit meaning or quality; an implication or a hint: 常作 overtones 次要的意义，暗示：一个隐蔽且常常含蓄的意义或特质；蕴涵或暗示：〔insinuation〕Something insinuated, especially an artfully indirect, often derogatory suggestion.影射：影射的事情，特别是巧妙地间接的，通常是贬义的暗示〔steady〕Equable usually implies an intrinsic or innate characteristic leading to a lack of variation,especially extreme variation: Equable 暗示由于内部或生来的特征导致缺乏变化，尤其是剧变： 〔unruly〕 Refractory implies stubborn resistance to control or authority: Refractory 暗示对控制或权威的顽固抵抗： 〔flea〕An annoying hint or a stinging rebuke.讽刺：令人恼怒的暗示或尖刻的指责〔Vanzetti〕Italian-born American anarchist who with Nicola Sacco was convicted of a double murder and sentenced to death (1921). Despite the circumstantial nature of the evidence against them and worldwide protest at the political overtones of the proceedings, the two were executed in 1927.万泽蒂，巴托洛米奥：(1888-1927) 意大利裔的美国无政府主义者，他和尼克勒萨克被证明犯有双重谋杀罪并于1921年被判处死刑。尽管不利于他们的证据具有偶然性，并且全球普遍抗议对此事的诉讼程序实行政治性暗示，这两人仍于1927年被处决〔tact〕 Tact implies fine discernment of what is appropriate and the ability to speak or act without giving offense: Tact 暗示对如何得体的细致入微的觉察和不冒犯地说话或行动的能力： 〔suggest〕He hinted that he would accept an invitation if it were extended.他暗示如果邀请扩大的话他将会接受。 |
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