| 单词 | 更确切 |
| 释义 | 〔bulwark〕 Barricade pertains broadly to a barrier to passage but usually implies hasty construction to meet an imminent threat. Barricade 更确切地说是阻塞通道的障碍物，但更多指用于应付紧急威胁的仓促建筑。〔fairly〕Actually; fully:更确切地；完全地：〔rather〕More exactly; more accurately:更确切地；更精确地：〔both〕Both is used to indicate that the action or state denoted by the verb applies individually to each of two entities. Both books weigh more than five pounds, for example, means that each book weighs more than five pounds by itself,not that the two books weighed together come to more than five pounds.Both is inappropriate where the verb does not apply to each of the entities by itself. · In possessive constructionsof both is usually preferred: the mothers of both (rather than both their mothers ); the fault of both (rather than both their fault or both's fault ). · Whenboth is used with and to link parallel elements in a sentence, the words or phrases that follow them should correspond grammatically:in both India and China or both in India and in China (not both in India and China ). See Usage Note at and Both 用于表明动词意指的行为或状态，可单独用于两个实体中的任一个。 例如两本书均重于五磅， 意指每一本书自身即重过五磅，而不是两本书合起来才重过五磅。当动词不能单独用于实体中的任一个时，用both 是不恰当的。 在所有格结构中，of both 通常是更确切的： the monthers of both（他们的母亲） （而不是 both their monthers ）； the fault of both（他们的过错） （而不是 both their fault 或 both's fault ）。 当both 与 and 在句子中用于连接平行成份时， 连接的词或短语应在语法上保持一致：in both India and China （在印度和中国）或 both in India and in China （而不是 both in India and China ） 参见 and〔rather〕He's my friend, or rather he was my friend.他是我的朋友，不过更确切地说，他曾经是我的朋友〔parameter〕In recent yearsparameter has become the archetype for the borrowing of scientific terms into general usage and as such has occasioned a good deal of skeptical comment.Some of its new uses can be justified as useful extensions of the technical senses of the word.For example, the provisions of a zoning ordinance that limit the height or density of new construction can be reasonably likened to mathematical parameters that establish the limits of other variables.Therefore one can properly sayThe zoning commission announced new planning parameters for the historic Lamping district of the city. But other uses suggest that the writer has not understood the technical senseand has chosen it primarily as a way of injecting an aura of scientific precision into what would otherwise be a pedestrian communication.Thus there is no semantic justification for usingparameter as a general substitute for characteristic, as inThe Judeo-Christian ethic is one of the important parameters of Western culture, an example found unacceptable by 80 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Some of the difficulties with nontechnical use ofparameter appear to arise from its resemblance to the word perimeter, with which it shares the sense "limit,” though the two words differ in their precise meaning.This confusion doubtless explains the use ofparameter in a sentence such as U.S. forces report that the parameters of the mine area in the Gulf are fairly well established, where the wordperimeter would have expressed the intended sense more exactly. This example of a use ofparameter was unacceptable to 61 percent of the Usage Panel. 近些年来，parameter 已成为一个从科技术语借用到普通用法的原形， 同时也引起了大量的怀疑批评。它的某些新用法可被看作是该词科技含义的有益扩展。例如，某一区域性法规中关于新建筑高度或密度的条文能被合理地与制定其它变量限度的数学参量进行比较。因而，人们当然可以说地区委员会公布了历史上该城有名的灯区新计划方案 。 但其它的一些用法说明说话人还没有理解它的科技含义，并且选用了这个词主要作为给将是普通交流的东西注入一些精确的科学气息的途径。因此，用parameter 作为 characteristic 的一般等价词毫无语义上的合理性， 如在犹太教与基督教的道德规范是西方文化中重要的限制因素 ， 是80%的用法小组成员不接受的例子。Parameter 的非科技运用中的一些难点是由于它与 perimeter 都有“限制”的含义造成的， 尽管两个词的确切含义是不相同的。这种混淆无疑解释了parameter 在例如 美军报告说，海湾地雷区的环形防线设置得相当不错 的句子中的运用， 这里perimeter 可能会更确切地表达这种引申含义。 61%的用法小组成员不接受这个运用parameter 的例子 |
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